Multi-source multi-scale hierarchical conditional random field model for remote sensing image classification

Fusion of remote sensing images and LiDAR data provides complimentary information for the remote sensing applications, such as object classification and recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-source multi-scale hierarchical conditional random field (MSMSH-CRF) model to integrate features extracted from remote sensing images and LiDAR point cloud data for image classification. MSMSH-CRF model is then constructed to exploit the features, category compatibility of multi-scale images and the category consistency of multi-source data based on the regions. The output of the model represents the optimal results of the image classification. We have evaluated the precision and robustness of the proposed method on airborne data, which shows that the proposed method outperforms standard CRF method.National Natural Science Fund of China/4090117

Design Procedures for a Fully Differential Telescopic Cascode Two-Stage CMOS Operational Amplifier

AbstractIn this paper, a fully differential telescopic operational amplifier design is presented which achieve both high dc gain and high unity-gain frequency. Trade-offs among such factors as bandwidth, gain, phase, margin, bias current, signal swing, slew rate, and power are made evidently. The characteristic of this kind of two-stage operational amplifier is investigated theoretically, in this paper. The results indicate that proposed two-stage operational amplifier achieves broader unity bandwidth, increases the DC gain. Simulation results show that, at 5V power supply, the output swing is ±4.3V, settling time is 167.4ns. Based on the two-stage operational amplifier structure, the operational amplifier with 2.5V output common voltage shows a DC gain greater than 87dB, Gain Bandwidth over 39MHz (5pF load) and a phase margin larger than 84° with power dissipation of 3mW. These good results could be used in Σ-△ modulation and A/D conversion etc

The Analysis of SKP1 Gene Expression in Physiological Male Sterility Induced by Chemical Hybridizing Agent SQ-1 in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Physiological male sterility induced by the chemical hybridizing agent (CHA) overcomes problems of maintenance of sterile lines and restorers. However, the mechanism of sterility is unclear. The process of tapetum of CHA-treated ‘Xi’nong 2611’ at uninucleate, binucleate and trinucleate were compared with control to determine if tapetum varying differently during developmental stages. Tapetal degradation in CHA-treated ‘Xi’nong 2611’ began at late uninucleate stage, somewhat earlier than control plants. Cytological observations indicated that the gradual degradation of the tapetum in CHA-treated ‘Xi’nong 2611’ was initiated and terminated earlier than in the control. These findings implied that CHA-induced male sterility was related to abnormally early tapetal degradation. In order to indicate the role of the SKP1 gene in fertility/sterility in wheat, its expression was assessed in anthers at uninucleate, binucleate and trinucleate stages. SKP1 expression was reduced in the later developmental stages, and there was an obvious decrease from the uninucleate to trinucleate stages. Higher expression of the SKP1 gene occurred in ‘Xi’nong 2611’ compared to CHA-treated ‘Xi’nong 2611’. This implied that SKP1 gene expression was inhibited during the fertility transformation process and was related to transformation from fertility to sterility. Moreover, the results from this study suggest that SKP1 plays an essential role of conducting fertility in physiological male sterility

A tunable radiation source by coupling laser-plasma-generated electrons to a periodic structure

Near-infrared radiation around 1000 nm generated from the interaction of a high-density MeV electron beam, obtained by impinging an intense ultrashort laser pulse on a solid target, with a metal grating is observed experimentally. Theoretical modeling and particle-in-cell simulation suggest that the radiation is caused by the Smith-Purcell mechanism. The results here indicate that tunable terahertz radiation with tens GV=m field strength can be achieved by using appropriate grating parameter

Multi-source hierarchical conditional random field model for feature fusion of remote sensing images and LiDAR data

Feature fusion of remote sensing images and LiDAR points cloud data, which have strong complementarity, can effectively play the advantages of multi-class features to provide more reliable information support for the remote sensing applications, such as object classification and recognition. In this paper, we introduce a novel multi-source hierarchical conditional random field (MSHCRF) model to fuse features extracted from remote sensing images and LiDAR data for image classification. Firstly, typical features are selected to obtain the interest regions from multi-source data, then MSHCRF model is constructed to exploit up the features, category compatibility of images and the category consistency of multi-source data based on the regions, and the outputs of the model represents the optimal results of the image classification. Competitive results demonstrate the precision and robustness of the proposed method

Nonlinear Optical Effects in Nematic Liquid–Crystal Films in the 1.55 mm Spectral Region

We have studied the optical nonlinearities of nematic liquid crystals in the near IR communication spectral region [1.55 µm]. The origins of the refractive index changes are thermal indexing effect and director axis reorientations. Very large refractive index and phase modulation of several ?'s can be generated with mW laser power in micron thick dye-doped nematic liquid crystal films

Activation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway: A Molecular Mechanism for Lithium Action

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β/zeste-white-3/shaggy) is a negative regulator of the wnt signaling pathway which plays a central role in the development of invertebrates and vertebrates; loss of function and dominant negative mutations in GSK-3β lead to activation of the wnt pathway inDrosophilaandXenopus.We now provide evidence that lithium activates downstream components of the wnt signaling pathwayin vivo,leading to accumulation of β-catenin protein. Our data indicate that this activation of the wnt pathway is a consequence of inhibition of GSK-3β by lithium. Using a novel assay for GSK-3β in oocytes, we show that lithium inhibits GSK-3β from species as diverse asDictyostelium discoideumandXenopus laevis,providing a biochemical mechanism for the action of lithium on the development of these organisms. Lithium treatment also leads to activation of an AP-1–luciferase reporter inXenopusembryos, consistent with previous observations that GSK-3β inhibits c-jun activity. Activation of the wnt pathway with a dominant negative form of GSK-3β is inhibited by myo-inositol, similar to the previously described effect of coinjecting myo-inositol with lithium. The mechanism by which myo-inositol inhibits both dominant negative GSK-3β and lithium remains uncertain

A Smart Bluetooth-based Ad Hoc Management System for Appliances in Home Environments

The number of home devices integrating new technologies is continuously increasing. These advances allow us to improve our daily routines. In addition, the improvement in network infrastructure and the development of smart phones and mobile devices allow us access from any place to any of our systems over the Internet. Bearing in mind this idea, we have developed a low-cost ad hoc protocol based on Bluetooth technology that allows us to control all our home appliances and monitor the power consumption of our homes. Our proposal is based on an Android application installed on a mobile device which acts as server. The application allows users to program the various appliances. It is also able to check the status of the appliance, as well as controlling the power consumption of the house and its cost. The system is equipped with a smart algorithm able to manage all appliances and decide which ones should work as a function of various criteria such as time of day or power consumption. 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