Design of extended Kalman filtering neural network control system based on particle swarm identification of nonlinear U-model

This paper studies the modelling of a class of nonlinear plants with known structures but unknown parameters and proposes a general nonlinear U-model expression. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to identify the time-varying parameters of the nonlinear U-model online, which solves the identification problem of the nonlinear U-model system. Newton iterative algorithm is used for nonlinear model transformation. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used as the learning algorithm of radial basis function (RBF) neural network to solve the interference problem in a nonlinear system. After determining the number of network nodes in the neural network, EKF can simultaneously determine the network threshold and weight matrix, use the online learning ability of the neural network, adjust the network parameters, make the system output track the ideal output, and improve the convergence speed and anti-noise capability of the system. Finally, simulation examples are used to verify the identification effect of the particle swarm identification algorithm based on the U-model and the effectiveness of the extended Kalman filtering neural network control system based on particle swarm identification

Gestion thermique des composants d'électronique de puissance - Utilisation du diamant CVD

L'augmentation de la densité de puissance des convertisseurs d'énergie électrique nécessite une gestion thermique toujours plus performante. La thermique devient même l'élément dimensionnant de ces convertisseurs et est au centre des préoccupations des concepteurs. Le diamant présente des propriétés physico-chimiques exceptionnelles particulièrement adaptées à la gestion thermique des composants semi-conducteurs de l'électronique de puissance. C'est en effet le meilleur matériau isolant et conducteur thermique connu à ce jour. La possibilité de réaliser du diamant polycristallin de manière reproductible par synthèse CVD ouvre aujourd'hui à ce matériau un grand champ d'applications industrielles. Nous avons étudié les potentialités d'applications au domaine particulier de l'électronique de puissance. Nous avons tout d'abord développé une plateforme de simulation COMSOL qui nous permette d'évaluer différentes structures pour optimiser le système de refroidissement des composants d'électronique de puissance. Nous avons alors étudié deux solutions, l'utilisation d'un substrat diamant épais pour reporter les composants ou le dépôt direct d'une fine couche de passivation sur les composants en fin de fabrication. Nous avons ainsi développé une structure à substrat diamant et micropoteaux en cuivre qui permet d'extraire jusqu'à 800 W/cm sous le composant pour un échauffement de 120C. Cette structure a été réalisée technologiquement pour valider toute la démarche de simulation et conception. Ce prototype propose des performances particulièrement intéressantes pour l'intégration des convertisseurs d'électronique de puissance à haute densité de puissance. Nous avons également étudié la passivation des composants avec du diamant CVD en lieu et place du SiO2. L'intérêt d'une telle passivation est démontré en simulation et les différentes étapes de la réalisation technologique sont étudiées. Cette dernière partie met en évidence des difficultés qu'il faudra lever si l'on souhaite utiliser le diamant comme couche de passivationThe heat transfer is a major obstacle that limits the generalization of the power electronics. During recent years, components have higher performance and smaller size thanks to technological advances in electronic. However, the maximum operation temperature of silicon components has not changed for years. A lot of problems will appear due to the thermal limitation. Thus, electronic circuit design must be accompanied by a thermal study to validate the safe operation. The diamond has outstanding properties. It has several exceptional physical and chemical characteristics. This material is very interesting in plenty of application domains, such as electronics, mechanics, optics and telecommunications. This is the best material for electrical insulators (10MV.cm-1) and thermal conductors (2000W.m-1.K-1, five times more than copper). Nevertheless, the coefficient of thermal expansion of diamond is very close to that of silicon. These properties are particularly interesting in elaborating highly efficient thermal management systems in power electronics domain. In this study, we analyzed and quantified the advantages of the insertion of CVD diamond layer in the innovative thermal management assemblies. We also developed a specific model (We increased a layer of copper micro-pillars on the backside of the diamond substrate) to simulate the working environment of the component. In the simulation, we compared the use of a traditional substrate (AlN) with that of the diamond CVD one in order to confirm that using the diamond substrate reduced thermal resistance. By using MEMS micro-technology, the cooling performance of this structure has been greatly improved. This structure can achieve power dissipation more than 800W/cm . Using CVD diamond for efficient cooling of power devices could be a promising solution and is very interesting in embedded systems. This achievement in temperature range allows designers to increase the power density of system without concerning of heat dissipation and/or greatly extends the lifetime of the device. We also studied the passivation with CVD diamond instead of SiO2TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

Nanoparticles insert a three dimensional cavity structure of proteins for function inhibition: The Case of CeO2 and SARS-CoV-2

The selective interaction of nanomaterials with proteins for protein function suppression has been reported. However, whether the nanomaterials could be used to target a three-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins for the consequent function inhibition is not defined. When SARS-CoV-2 binds to the host cell surface ACE2 receptor, the spike protein trimer changes to an "Open State" which forms a 5 nm cavity structure, consequently exposing the receptor binding domain (RBD) for the following viral infection. We found that the 3 nm cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2@3) showed a better anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect than 30 nm cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2@30). We performed a series of experiments and demonstrated that the CeO2@3 could target the 5 nm spike protein trimer cavity and tightly bind with the RBD, thus effectively blocking the following virus-cell interaction and rendering CeO2@3 as an effective anti-viral agent. As all coronaviruses possess similar spike protein structures as homologous proteins, CeO2@3 can be used as a broad-sperm anti-coronavirus nanodrug candidate by targeting the spike protein 3D structure. This work, for the first time, demonstrated that rationally engineered inorganic nanomaterials can be used to specifically target a 3D structure of a certain protein for function inhibition, thus providing a novel methodological approach and paving the way for future molecular targeting nanodrug candidate design.This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFE0113000, 2022YFC2303700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82261138630, 32171390, 32201154, 51872318, 32371469, 31971322), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2023A0505050123, 2023B1515020104, 2022A1515010549), the International Partnership Program (IPP) of CAS (172644KYSB20210011), Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations (ANSO-CR-KP-2022-01), the CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative (2020VBA0022), the NanoProCov project of the Austrian Academic Exchange Service (OeAD, grant CN06/2021), and the SmartCERIALS project of the Austrian Research promotion Agency (FFG, grant 890610).Peer reviewe

Thermal optimality of net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide and underlying mechanisms

It is well established that individual organisms can acclimate and adapt to temperature to optimize their functioning. However, thermal optimization of ecosystems, as an assemblage of organisms, has not been examined at broad spatial and temporal scales. Here, we compiled data from 169 globally distributed sites of eddy covariance and quantified the temperature response functions of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), an ecosystem-level property, to determine whether NEE shows thermal optimality and to explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that the temperature response of NEE followed a peak curve, with the optimum temperature (corresponding to the maximum magnitude of NEE) being positively correlated with annual mean temperature over years and across sites. Shifts of the optimum temperature of NEE were mostly a result of temperature acclimation of gross primary productivity (upward shift of optimum temperature) rather than changes in the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration. Ecosystem-level thermal optimality is a newly revealed ecosystem property, presumably reflecting associated evolutionary adaptation of organisms within ecosystems, and has the potential to significantly regulate ecosystemclimate change feedbacks. The thermal optimality of NEE has implications for understanding fundamental properties of ecosystems in changing environments and benchmarking global models.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by New Phytologist Trust and can be found at: http://www.newphytologist.org/Keywords: Climate change, Temperature acclimation, Optimum temperature, Thermal optimality, Temperature adaptatio

Thermal management of power electronics components using the CVD diamond

L'augmentation de la densité de puissance des convertisseurs d'énergie électrique nécessite une gestion thermique toujours plus performante. La thermique devient même l'élément dimensionnant de ces convertisseurs et est au centre des préoccupations des concepteurs. Le diamant présente des propriétés physico-chimiques exceptionnelles particulièrement adaptées à la gestion thermique des composants semi-conducteurs de l'électronique de puissance. C'est en effet le meilleur matériau isolant et conducteur thermique connu à ce jour. La possibilité de réaliser du diamant polycristallin de manière reproductible par synthèse CVD ouvre aujourd'hui à ce matériau un grand champ d'applications industrielles. Nous avons étudié les potentialités d'applications au domaine particulier de l'électronique de puissance. Nous avons tout d'abord développé une plateforme de simulation COMSOL qui nous permette d'évaluer différentes structures pour optimiser le système de refroidissement des composants d'électronique de puissance. Nous avons alors étudié deux solutions, l'utilisation d'un substrat diamant épais pour reporter les composants ou le dépôt direct d'une fine couche de passivation sur les composants en fin de fabrication. Nous avons ainsi développé une structure à substrat diamant et micropoteaux en cuivre qui permet d'extraire jusqu'à 800 W/cm² sous le composant pour un échauffement de 120°C. Cette structure a été réalisée technologiquement pour valider toute la démarche de simulation et conception. Ce prototype propose des performances particulièrement intéressantes pour l'intégration des convertisseurs d'électronique de puissance à haute densité de puissance. Nous avons également étudié la passivation des composants avec du diamant CVD en lieu et place du SiO2. L'intérêt d'une telle passivation est démontré en simulation et les différentes étapes de la réalisation technologique sont étudiées. Cette dernière partie met en évidence des difficultés qu'il faudra lever si l'on souhaite utiliser le diamant comme couche de passivationThe heat transfer is a major obstacle that limits the generalization of the power electronics. During recent years, components have higher performance and smaller size thanks to technological advances in electronic. However, the maximum operation temperature of silicon components has not changed for years. A lot of problems will appear due to the thermal limitation. Thus, electronic circuit design must be accompanied by a thermal study to validate the safe operation. The diamond has outstanding properties. It has several exceptional physical and chemical characteristics. This material is very interesting in plenty of application domains, such as electronics, mechanics, optics and telecommunications. This is the best material for electrical insulators (10MV.cm-1) and thermal conductors (2000W.m-1.K-1, five times more than copper). Nevertheless, the coefficient of thermal expansion of diamond is very close to that of silicon. These properties are particularly interesting in elaborating highly efficient thermal management systems in power electronics domain. In this study, we analyzed and quantified the advantages of the insertion of CVD diamond layer in the innovative thermal management assemblies. We also developed a specific model (We increased a layer of copper micro-pillars on the backside of the diamond substrate) to simulate the working environment of the component. In the simulation, we compared the use of a traditional substrate (AlN) with that of the diamond CVD one in order to confirm that using the diamond substrate reduced thermal resistance. By using MEMS micro-technology, the cooling performance of this structure has been greatly improved. This structure can achieve power dissipation more than 800W/cm². Using CVD diamond for efficient cooling of power devices could be a promising solution and is very interesting in embedded systems. This achievement in temperature range allows designers to increase the power density of system without concerning of heat dissipation and/or greatly extends the lifetime of the device. We also studied the passivation with CVD diamond instead of SiO

Gestion thermique des composants d'électronique de puissance- Utilisation du diamant CVD

Pas de résumés en anglai

Numerical Simulation of Bedrock Sagging Sinkholes in Strain-Softening Rock Induced by Embankment Construction

A bedrock sagging sinkhole occurred in Jiangxi Province of China when constructing the Changli freeway above shallow karst caves. It was chosen as a case to investigate the failure mechanism and potential evolution. The in situ stress of the study area was measured and numerically reproduced. The Hoek–Brown strength parameters were obtained by laboratory tests. A strain-softening constitutive model was established according to the strain-softening behaviour exhibited by the specimens in the triaxial test. The stress-strain curves of the specimens were reproduced by numerical methods. Then, bedrock sagging sinkholes in strain-softening rock induced by embankment construction were simulated. The occurrence of the strain-softening zone and its transition to the residual zone were observed and classified into four stages. The stress paths of the four stages were analysed. Interestingly, in this case, the supports at both ends of the bedrock began to yield from the top and extended downward, while the midspan position began to yield from the bottom and extended upward, and the reasons for yielding were related to tension. Further analysis found that the failure mode was basically consistent with the size and direction of the bending moment. In fact, this failure mode was quite similar to a fixed supported beam. Then, the feasibility of calculating the stability of karst caves based on beam assumptions was discussed. Finally, potential evolution of the bedrock sagging sinkhole was discussed