7,857 research outputs found
Operation and recovery of a seasonally-loaded UK waste stabilisation pond system
An intermittent discharge waste stabilisation pond system was trialled for treatment of a seasonal wastewater load from a campsite. The system showed rapid acclimatisation to incoming load, with chlorophyll-a exceeding 700 mg l?1 within 2 weeks and filtered and unfiltered effluent biochemical oxygen demand below 20 and 30 mg l?1 respectively. Good performance continued for some weeks, after which photosynthetic oxygenation capacity in the first pond was seriously impaired by a shock loading believed to include fatty material. Inflow to the system was suspended and a surface film was broken up, after which the pond recovered within an 8-day period. Laboratory experiments indicated that interventions such as artificial aeration and dilution with effluent had no beneficial effect although mixing may have increased the rate of recovery
Exploration of jet energy loss via direct -charged particle azimuthal correlation measurements
The multiplicities of charged particles azimuthally associated with direct
photons and have been measured for Au+Au, p+p, and d+Au collisions at
= 200 GeV in the STAR experiment. Charged particles with
transverse momentum 0.5 16 GeV/c for p+p and d+Au, and
3 16 GeV/c for Au+Au and pseudorapidity
1.5 in coincidence with direct photons and of high transverse
momentum 8 16 GeV/c at 0.9
have been used for this analysis. Within the considered range of kinematics,
the observed suppressions of the associated yields per direct in
central Au+Au relative to p+p and d+Au are similar and constant with direct
photon fractional energy (). The
measured suppressions of the associated yields with direct are
comparable to those with . The data are compared to theoretical
predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, Quark Matter 2009, March 30 - April 4, Knoxville,
Tennesse
Non-aqueous method for purification of cytoplasmic DNA from individual rice plants for RFLP analysis
A partition approach for underwater explosion based on smoothed particle method
As a Lagrangian particle method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has been applied into the problems of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) more and more. However, the transient fluid-structure interactions characterized by severe reactions and wide spreads are very expensive to be carried out with three-dimensional SPH method due to the approach of solid modeling, especially when the structure is subjected to the shock loads from mid-field or far-field, which is almost impossible to achieve. Therefore, based on the previous research, the coupled SPH-BEM method is put forward and applied to underwater explosion in this paper. The structure is modeled and solved with SPH method while the fluid boundary only required is coped with a boundary element method (BEM), the second-order doubly asymptotic approximations (DAA2). The FSI method will reduce the elements of structures and fluid greatly so as to solve the problems of fluid-structure interactions feasibly and efficiently. The mid-plane of a plate only discretized into a layer of particles is taken as the study object in the SPH shell element and the related physical quantities is integrated in the thickness direction to capture the dynamic response of structures; the fluid boundary only discretized into a piece of boundary elements is employed in the BEM method to solve fluid dynamics based on the retarded potential equation; treatments of the coupled fluid-structure interface are made to satisfy the compatibility conditions and the messages related to motions and loads are well delivered. Finally, two standard examples are carried out to test the above algorithm
Effect of ageing and chemical form on the bioavailability and toxicity of Pb to the survival and reproduction of the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus
This study investigated the effect of ageing on the bioavailability and toxicity of lead nitrate (Pb(NO 3 ) 2 ) and lead oxide (PbO) to Enchytraeus crypticus in LUFA 2.2 natural soil. The potworms were exposed after 2 weeks pre-incubation and after ageing the spiked soils for 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Survival and reproduction after 21 d exposure were related to total, 0.01 M CaCl 2 -extractable and porewater Pb concentrations in the soil and internal Pb concentrations in the surviving animals. Pb concentration in pore water showed little change during ageing for Pb(NO 3 ) 2 but increased strongly for PbO-spiked soils. During ageing, toxicity of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 did not change with LC50s and EC50s for the effect on enchytraeid survival and reproduction based on total soil Pb concentrations being constant at 523–619 and 89.8–99.4 mg Pb/kg dry soil, respectively. Toxicity of PbO, however, increased with LC50s and EC50s decreasing from 4830 to 1889 mg Pb/kg dry soil and from 151 to 97.5 mg Pb/kg dry soil, respectively. When related to internal Pb concentrations LC50s did not differ for both Pb forms at different ageing periods and were 73.4–78.7 mg Pb/kg dry body wt. Survival was better explained from internal Pb concentrations in the worms than from total or available Pb concentrations in the soil. Reproduction toxicity (EC50s) and Pb uptake in the worms however, were better explained from 0.01 M CaCl 2 -extractable Pb concentrations in the soil. The latter finding could provide a scientific basis for the ecological risk assessment of contaminated soils and the derivation of soil quality standards based on extractable concentrations
Functional Integral Approach to the Single Impurity Anderson Model
Recently, a functional integral representation was proposed by Weller
(Weller, W.: phys.~stat.~sol.~(b) {\bf 162}, 251 (1990)), in which the
fermionic fields strictly satisfy the constraint of no double occupancy at each
lattice site. This is achieved by introducing spin dependent Bose fields. The
functional integral method is applied to the single impurity Anderson model
both in the Kondo and mixed-valence regime. The f-electron Green's function and
susceptibility are calculated using an Ising-like representation for the Bose
fields. We discuss the difficulty to extract a spectral function from the
knowledge of the imaginary time Green's function. The results are compared with
NCA calculations.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, figures upon request, preprint No. 93/10/
Aligning archive maps and extracting footprints for analysis of historic urban environments.
Archive cartography and archaeologist's sketches are invaluable resources when analysing a historic town or city. A virtual reconstruction of a city provides the user with the ability to navigate and explore an environment which no longer exists to obtain better insight into its design and purpose. However, the process of reconstructing the city from maps depicting features such as building footprints and roads can be labour intensive. In this paper we present techniques to aid in the semi-automatic extraction of building footprints from digital images of archive maps and sketches. Archive maps often exhibit problems in the form of inaccuracies and inconsistencies in scale which can lead to incorrect reconstructions. By aligning archive maps to accurate modern vector data one may reduce these problems. Furthermore, the efficiency of the footprint extraction methods may be improved by aligning either modern vector data or previously extracted footprints, since common elements can be identified between maps of differing time periods and only the difference between the two needs to be extracted. An evaluation of two alignment approaches is presented: using a linear affine transformation and a set of piecewise linear affine transformations
Relativistic photoionization cross sections for C II
High resolution measurements of photoionization cross sections for atomic
ions are now being made on synchrotron radiation sources. The recent
measurements by Kjeldsen etal. (1999) showed good agreement between the
observed resonance features and the the theoretical calculations in the close
coupling approximation (Nahar 1995). However, there were several observed
resonances that were missing in the theoretical predictions. The earlier
theoretical calculation was carried out in LS coupling where the relativistic
effects were not included. Present work reports photoionization cross sections
including the relativistic effects in Breit-Pauli R-matrix (BPRM)
approximation. The configuration interaction eigenfunction expansion for the
core ion C III consists of 20 fine structure levels dominated by the
configurations from 1s^22s^2 to 1s^22s3d. Detailed features in the calculated
cross sections exhibit the missing resonances due to fine structure. The
results benchmark the accuracy of BPRM photoionization cross sections as needed
for recent and ongoing experiments.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Well-posedness of Hydrodynamics on the Moving Elastic Surface
The dynamics of a membrane is a coupled system comprising a moving elastic
surface and an incompressible membrane fluid. We will consider a reduced
elastic surface model, which involves the evolution equations of the moving
surface, the dynamic equations of the two-dimensional fluid, and the
incompressible equation, all of which operate within a curved geometry. In this
paper, we prove the local existence and uniqueness of the solution to the
reduced elastic surface model by reformulating the model into a new system in
the isothermal coordinates. One major difficulty is that of constructing an
appropriate iterative scheme such that the limit system is consistent with the
original system.Comment: The introduction is rewritte
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