Dietary Cholesterol Protects Anesthesia-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Wistar Rats

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cholesterol on frequent exposure of anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment in wistar rats.Methods: Healthy wistar rats were divided in two groups, the gp I rats fed with regular diet and gp II with cholesterol diet. These groups were further divided into sub-groups as gp Ia (n=8) and gp IIa (n=8). These sub-groups received weekly exposure of anesthesia for 6 weeks. Animals were anesthetized by subcutaneous sodium thiopental injection. Cortical nerve growth factor levels were measured by indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while total protein was determined by Bradford protein assay.Results: Group IIa (cholesterol-fed animals) as well as Group IIb (cholesterol-fed followed by anesthesia) showed significant increase in body weight (25 to 50 g, p < 0.03), but no such increase was observed in other groups. However, group Ib showed a significant (43.07 %, p ˂ 0.001) decrease in the level of nerve growth factor when compared with group Ia. Moreover, significantly decreased cytokines IL-1β levels (59.09 %, p < 0.005) and TNF-α (20 %, p < 0.025) of group IIa more effectively than in group Ia rats. Microglial marker showed significantly increase (16.66 %, p < 0.025) in cholesterol diet group. Overall increase in leakage of anti-rat IgG (blood brain barrier marker) was found in both groups (IIa and IIb).Conclusion: The results suggest that dietary cholesterol protects or neutralizes anesthesia-induced cognitive deficits in rats.Keywords: Cognitive deficit, Cholesterol diet, Blood-brain barrier, Nerve growth factor, Inflammation marker, Microglial marker, Cytokine

Observation of a red-blue detuning asymmetry in matter-wave superradiance

We report the first experimental observations of strong suppression of matter-wave superradiance using blue-detuned pump light and demonstrate a pump-laser detuning asymmetry in the collective atomic recoil motion. In contrast to all previous theoretical frameworks, which predict that the process should be symmetric with respect to the sign of the pump-laser detuning, we find that for condensates the symmetry is broken. With high condensate densities and red-detuned light, the familiar distinctive multi-order, matter-wave scattering pattern is clearly visible, whereas with blue-detuned light superradiance is strongly suppressed. In the limit of a dilute atomic gas, however, symmetry is restored.Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Let

The Effects of Ultra-high Pressure Treatment on the Phenolic Composition of Red Wine

Wine is usually aged in oak barrels. In this study, young red wines were treated with ultra-high pressure(UHP) to stimulate the ageing process. Changes in phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidinswere determined by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The concentrationof phenolic acids increased, while the levels of flavan-3-ols decreased. The content and structure ofproanthocyanidins also changed and the tendency was similar to that of natural ageing

Effect of Suspension Freeze-concentration Technology on the Quality of Wine

One of the factors that inhibits the development of the Chinese wine industry is that the sugar content ofthe grape feedstock is insufficient. In order to produce wine with better qualities using these materials,concentrating the grape juice could be a good alternative to adding sugars. In this study, suspension freezeconcentrationtechnology was applied to concentrating grape juice with a low sugar content. The freezeconcentratedgrape juice was made into red and white wines separately. In the control group, red andwhite wines were made from chaptalized (sugar-enriched) grape juice. The physical and chemical indexes,sensory evaluation results and polyphenolic content of the wine were analysed to evaluate the practicalityof applying the freeze-concentration technology in the wine industry. The results show that, after removingice every 30 min for approximately 14 h with a -18°C coolant, grape juice with an initial sugar content of14°Brix reached 23°Brix. Both the red wines and white wines made from freeze-concentrated grape juicewere of a higher quality than the wines made from chaptalised grape juice. Moreover, the phenolic contentwas concentrated, which may provide health benefits. Thus, suspension freeze-concentration technology isa promising alternative to traditional chaptalisation technology

Leveraging Identity-by-Descent for Accurate Genotype Inference in Family Sequencing Data

Sequencing family DNA samples provides an attractive alternative to population based designs to identify rare variants associated with human disease due to the enrichment of causal variants in pedigrees. Previous studies showed that genotype calling accuracy can be improved by modeling family relatedness compared to standard calling algorithms. Current family-based variant calling methods use sequencing data on single variants and ignore the identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing along the genome. In this study we describe a new computational framework to accurately estimate the IBD sharing from the sequencing data, and to utilize the inferred IBD among family members to jointly call genotypes in pedigrees. Through simulations and application to real data, we showed that IBD can be reliably estimated across the genome, even at very low coverage (e.g. 2X), and genotype accuracy can be dramatically improved. Moreover, the improvement is more pronounced for variants with low frequencies, especially at low to intermediate coverage (e.g. 10X to 20X), making our approach effective in studying rare variants in cost-effective whole genome sequencing in pedigrees. We hope that our tool is useful to the research community for identifying rare variants for human disease through family-based sequencing

Effect of Ultra-high Pressure Treatment on the Chemical Properties, Colour and Sensory Quality of Young Red Wine

The effects of ultra-high pressure (UHP) treatment on the chemical properties, colour and sensory qualityof young red wine were studied. UHP did not significantly affect the alcohol content, and the methanolcontent was higher than that of the control, with the latter first increasing and then decreasing with theincrease in the pressure or period of treatment. The glycerol content was also markedly changed by UHP,although without a regular pattern. The pH value was not markedly changed by the treatments, and thecontents of total acids and volatile acids were scarcely affected. The fructose and glucose contents wereclearly changed according to the different treatment conditions. The tartaric acid, citric acid and lacticacid levels showed evident changes, whereas the malic acid level was not changed by UHP treatment. Thetrend of these changes was similar to what occurs during natural ageing. As the pressure of the treatmentwas increased to 200 MPa, the chroma value increased, followed by a decline upon higher pressuretreatments. The hue of the wine was significantly changed by treatment at different pressures, reachingthe highest value after treatment at 400 MPa and then decreasing with increasing pressure. The chromaand hue values of the wine were changed significantly according to the duration of the UHP. After UHP, theappearance, aroma and taste of the wine was improved, with the score for appearance obviously increased.When the wine was treated at 500 MPa for 30 min, its sensory quality received the highest score

Fabrication and characterization of complex coacervates utilizing gelatin and carboxymethyl starch

BackgroundModified polysaccharides have greatly expanded applications in comparison with native polysaccharides due to their improved compatibility and interactions with proteins and active compounds in food-related areas. Nonetheless, there is a noticeable dearth of research concerning the utilization of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) as a microcapsule wall material in food processing, despite its common use in pharmaceutical delivery. The development of an economical and safe embedding carrier using CMS and gelatin (GE) holds immense importance within the food-processing industry. In this work, the potential of innovative coacervates formed by the combination of GE and CMS as a reliable, stable, and biodegradable embedding carrier is evaluated by turbidity measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and rheological measurements.ResultsThe results indicate that GE-CMS coacervates primarily resulted from electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The optimal coacervation was observed at pH 4.6 and with a GE/CMS blend ratio of 3:1 (w/w). However, the addition of NaCl reduced coacervation and made it less sensitive to temperature changes (35–55 \ub0C). In comparison with individual GE or CMS, the coacervates exhibited higher thermal stability, as shown by TGA. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the GE-CMS coacervates maintained an amorphous structure. Rheological testing reveals that the GE-CMS coacervates exhibited shear-thinning behavior and gel-like properties.ConclusionOverall, attaining electroneutrality in the mixture boosts the formation of a denser structure and enhances rheological properties, leading to promising applications in food, biomaterials, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. \ua9 2023 Society of Chemical Industry

Quantum criticality at infinite temperature

Quantum criticality, being important as an indicator of new quantum matters emerging, is known to occur only at zero or low temperature. We find that a quantum probe, if its coherence time is long, can detect quantum criticality at infinitely high temperature. In particular, the echo control over a spin probe can remove the thermal fluctuation effects and hence reveals the quantum fluctuation effects. Probes with quantum coherence time of milliseconds or seconds can be used to study emerging quantum orders that would occur at extremely low temperatures of nano- or pico-Kelvin. This discovery establishes a physical link between time and inverse temperature and provides a new route to the wonderland of quantum matters.Comment: 4 pages 4 figure

Obvious enhancement of the total reaction cross sections for 27,28^{27,28}P with 28^{28}Si target and the possible relavent mechanisms

The reaction cross sections of $^{27,28}$P and the corresponding isotones on Si target were measured at intermediate energies. The measured reaction cross sections of the N=12 and 13 isotones show an abrupt increase at $$. The experimental results for the isotones with $Z\leq 14$ as well as $$P can be well described by the modified Glauber theory of the optical limit approach. The enhancement of the reaction cross section for $^{28}$P could be explained in the modified Glauber theory with an enlarged core. Theoretical analysis with the modified Glauber theory of the optical limit and few-body approaches underpredicted the experimental data of $^{27}$P. Our theoretical analysis shows that an enlarged core together with proton halo are probably the mechanism responsible for the enhancement of the cross sections for the reaction of $^{27}$P+$^{28}$Si.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys.Rev.