T*N*B*-Smarandache Curves of Involute-Evolute Curves in Minkowski 3-space

Bu çalışmada, * spacelike eğrisi timelike eğrisinin bir involütü olmak üzere * eğrisinin Frenet vektörleri konum vektörleri olarak alındığında null olmayan *** TNB-Smarandache eğrisinin eğrilik ve burulması timelike evolüt eğrisine bağlı olarak hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak, elde edilen sonuçlar ile ilgili örnekler verilmiştir.In this study, the curvature and the torsion of non-null *** TNB-Smarandache curve are calculated according to the timelike evolute curve , when the Frenet vectors of the spacelike involute curve * are taken as the position vectors where * spacelike curve be the involute of timelike curve . Finally, illustrative examples related to the results are given.

Wpływ hormonalnej terapii zastępczej oraz tamoxifenu na depresję u szczurów poddanych usunięciu jajników

Objectives: To determine the effects of tamoxifen and hormone replacement therapy in order to assess their role in depressive behavior. Material and Methods: Different protocols of hormone replacement therapies were administered to surgically ovariectomized rats. Intact rats were used for tamoxifen experiments. Properly assigned control groups were used and cognitive processes were studied on animal models of surgical menopause using the Porsolt Forced Swim Test and locomotor activity experiments. Results: In the tamoxifen experiments, an interaction between treatment and days did not reach statistical significance, but indicated a trend in this direction [F(1,26)=3.557, p=0.071]. The number of repeated movements significantly decreased after the Porsolt test (F(1,44) = 8.483, PCel: Określenie wpływu tamoxifenu oraz hormonalnej terapii zastępczej celem oceny ich roli w zachowaniach depresyjnych. Materiał i metody: Różne protokoły hormonalnej terapii zastępczej zastosowano u szczurów poddanych chirurgicznemu usunięciu jajników. Tamoxifen podawano szczurom, których nie operowano. Wykorzystano odpowiednio dobraną grupę kontrolną. Zbadano procesy poznawcze na modelach zwierzęcych z chirurgiczną menopauzą przy pomocy testu Porsolt Forced Swim oraz doświadczeń aktywności ruchowej. Wyniki: W doświadczeniach z tamoxifenem, związek pomiędzy terapią a dniami nie osiągnął statystycznej istotności, ale wykazał trend w tym kierunku [F(1,26)=3,557,p=0,071]. Liczba powtórzeń ruchów istotnie zmniejszyła się po teście Porsolta [F(1,44)=8,483,

Monocyte-HDL Ratio: Can It Be Included in the Follow-Up of Diabetes Mellitus and Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy?

Background and Aim: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and albuminuria is the earliest manifestation of diabetic nephropathy.Oxidative stress and inflammation caused by advanced glyco-oxidation end products contribute to micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (MHR) is an essential indicator of inflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between diabetes regulation and complications and MHR. Material and Method: A total of 182 subjects, including 152 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 30 healthy controls, were included in this study. All data of the subjects were scanned retrospectively. The DM group was divided into two groups nephropathy (n=68) and non-nephropathy (n=84), with a limit of 30 mg/day for albuminuria. MHR was calculated by dividing the monocyte count by the HDL cholesterol count. Results: When patients with DM were divided into nephropathy and non-nephropathy, patients with nephropathy had higher MHR levels than the other group. We showed that MHR correlated with albuminuria, creatinine, and HbA1c in patients with diabetic nephropathy. In addition, in the regression analysis, albuminuria and MHR were predictors of DN, while MHR, age, and creatinine were found to be independent predictors of albuminuria. Conclusion: MHR, which is an easily calculated marker with simple laboratory tests, which is frequently requested in routine practice in the follow-up of diabetes patients, can help predict the regulation of diabetes and its kidney complications

Can modified Dunn radiographs be an alternative to standing AP pelvis radiographs in the evaluation of pincer femoroacetabular impingement?

The purpose of this study was to compare modified Dunn radiographs with standing anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiographs in respect of the tilt ratio, lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), crossover sign, crossover percentage and joint space width measurements. The study hypothesis was that modified Dunn radiographs could be an alternative method to standing AP pelvis images in the evaluation of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The study included 31 patients with a mean age of 42 years (range: 29-55 years) who had modified Dunn and standing AP pelvis radiographs taken in the radiological evaluation of non-traumatic hip pain between July 2018 and September 2022. Similar tilt ratio values were obtained on standing AP and modified Dunn images (P = 0.986). Joint space width showed a decrease in the transition from the modified Dunn position to the standing position, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.161). The mean LCEA was measured as 34 degrees +/- 4 degrees in the standing position and as 35 degrees +/- 5 degrees in the modified Dunn position. No statistically significant difference was determined in the number of patients with a crossover sign or the crossover percentage values in these patients (P > 0.05). The data obtained in this study showed that there was no significant difference between images taken in the standing and modified Dunn positions in respect of radiological findings of pelvic tilt and pincer-type FAI. The modified Dunn radiograph is equivalent to the standing AP pelvis radiograph for the evaluation of pincer FAI

Is the 5-factor modified Frailty Index a prognostic marker in geriatric ankle fractures

The 5-factor modified Frailty Index (mFI-5), which is the latest version of the Frailty Index, is a tool that calculates the risk of complications after treatment by scoring the comorbidity status of the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the mFI-5 in predicting complications in geriatric patients with an ankle fracture. METHODS: A retrospective examination was made of a total of 94 patients aged >65 years who were treated for an ankle fracture in our hospital between 2015 and 2020. Weber type A, B, and C fractures were included in the study. For each patient, the mFI-5 was calculated for the comorbidity status of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension requiring drugs, and non-independent functional status. Multivariance logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the mFI-5 points as a predictor of negative outcomes. RESULTS: The mFI-5 was observed to be effective in the prediction of the complications of hospital re-admission, wound site infec-tion, life-threatening medical complications, and the presence of any complication (p<0.05). In the prediction of whether or not there was any complication, the mFI-5 was determined to be a more effective tool than body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiol-ogist, age, length of stay in hospital, and duration of operation (p<0.05, OR=2.726, 95% Confidence Interval=1.285–5.783). CONCLUSION: The mFI-5 is a sensitive tool for the prediction of complications which may develop following geriatric ankle frac-ture. The five comorbidities which constitute the mFI-5 are easily obtained from the patient anamnesis, and this renders it a practical clinical tool to identify high-risk patients, determine the preoperative risks, and improve the health-care service

Comparison of three different surgical fixation techniques in pediatric forearm double fractures

Although forearm fractures are one of the most common fractures in children, controversy remains about the optimal fixation technique in the surgical treatment of these fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the results of pediatric patients with a forearm double fracture who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (plate-screw group), elastic intramedullary nailing to both bones (ESIN), and hybrid fixation (the radius or ulna is fixed with the help of ESIN and the other forearm bone is fixed using plate-screw). Methods A retrospective scan was made of the records of 51 patients with forearm double diaphyseal fractures (19 plate-screw, 18 ESIN, and 14 hybrid fixation). Comparisons were made in respect of the duration of surgery, length of the incision, duration of follow-up, time to union, functional results, and complication rates. Results The study results showed that the surgical incision length and operating time in the hybrid group were statistically significantly shorter than in the plate-screw group (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was determined between the three groups in respect of the functional results (p>0.05). Conclusion When the hybrid fixation technique was compared with other methods, the results were equal or better in terms of surgery time, incision length, time to union, and complications. Therefore, this technique can be used as an effective and reliable method in appropriate pediatric forearm diaphyseal double fractures

The modified maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters of the regression model under bivariate median ranked set sampling

We derived the modified maximum likelihood (MML) regression type estimators using bivariate median ranked set sampling (MRSS) and conducted an extensive simulation study to compare them with their least squares (LS) counterparts using MRSS and with the MML and LS counterparts using ranked set sampling (RSS). Under normality, the MML estimators using bivariate MRSS are mostly better than the LS estimators using bivariate MRSS in most of the situations, especially when the correlation between the concomitant and primary variables is high. In general, MRSS is superior to RSS in the estimation of the location parameters of the concomitant and primary variables. In the estimation of the other parameters, RSS is superior to MRSS and the MML estimators using RSS are mostly the best estimators of all. For Weibull distribution, the LS estimators using MRSS are mostly better than the MML estimators using MRSS but in general, the MML estimators using RSS are the superior estimators among all, especially for higher cycles. At the end of the study, we give two examples illustrating the procedures and merits of the newly proposed estimators

The modified maximum likelihood regression type estimators using bivariate ranked set sampling

###EgeUn###Rank set sampling (RSS) is an efficient sampling technique, used especially in the situations where the measurement on the variable of interest is time-consuming, costly or difficult. One of the modifications to make it more efficient is the regression type estimation using bivariate RSS. We derive the modified maximum likelihood (MML) regression type estimators using bivariate RSS when the concomitant variable X is stochastic and the error term is non-normal where it is problematic to obtain the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators. The procedures and merits of the proposed estimators are illustrated through simulations and two real-life applications

Collocation method for modified Kawahara and generalized Rosenau Kawahara RLW equations

Bu tez çalışmasında modifiye edilmiş Kawahara ve genelleştirilmiş Rosenau Kawahara-RLW denklemlerinin sayısal çözümleri 7. dereceden (septik) B-spline fonksiyonlar kullanılarak kollokasyon sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Bu tez dört bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Tezin birinci bölümünde kollokasyon ve sonlu elemanlar yöntemleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Tezin ikinci bölümünde modifiye edilmiş Kawahara denklemi tanıtılıp, kollokasyon yöntemi ile sayısal çözümleri elde edilmiştir. Tezin üçüncü bölümünde genelleştirilmiş Rosenau Kawahara-RLW denklemi tanıtılarak kollokasyon yöntemi ile sayısal çözümleri bulunmuştur. Tezin son bölümünde elde edilen sayısal değerlere ilişkin sonuçlar verilmiştir.In this thesis, the numerical solutions of the modified Kawahara and generalized Rosenau Kawahara-RLW equations have been obtained by collocation finite element method using the septic B-spline functions. This thesis consists of four chapters. In the first part of the thesis, collocation method and finite element methods have been given. In the second part of the thesis, modified Kawahara equation is explained and numerical solutions of the equation have been obtained. In the third part of the thesis, generalized Rosenau Kawahara-RLW equation is introduced and numerical solutions of the equation have been found. In the last part of the thesis, the values related with the obtained numerical results have been given