Overview of Phosphorus Effect in Molybdenum-Based Hydrotreating Catalysts Supported on Ordered Mesoporous Siliceous Materials

This chapter presents an overview of the literature on the effect of phosphorus modification of ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) such as MCM-41, HMS, SBA-15, and SBA-16 to be used as supports for hydrotreating catalysts based on transition metal sulfides (TMS). The influence of the support modification with variable quantities of phosphorus on the performance for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactions is outlined and discussed considering the changes in the structural and textural properties (SBET), acidity, reducibility, etc., of the substrate brought about by phosphorus incorporation

Phenol photocatalytic degradation over Fe-TiO2 materials synthesized by different methods

The photocatalytic activity and stability of 3% Fe-TiO2 materials synthesized by incipient wet impregnation (% Fe-TiO2-DP25) and sol-gel (3% Fe-TiO2-sol-gel) were studied using the phenol degradation as test reaction. The effects of various operation parameters including photocatalyst concentration, solution pH and initial H2O2 concentration on phenol degradation were also investigated. The higher phenol degradation was achieved using 26 mg of photocatalyst, H2O2 initial concentration of 600 mg/l and initial pH of 3.0 with both materials. It was found that 3% Fe-TiO2-DP25 enhanced activity, achieving a 99% phenol degradation, in comparison with 70% phenol degradation with the 3% Fe-TiO2-sol-gel. Notwithstanding, the material prepared by incipient wet impregnation method, evidenced leaching of iron ions from the material surface. Therefore, this catalyst is not suitable for the phenol degradation for environmental and economic reasons. The catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method did not show iron leaching during the reaction and maintain its catalytic activity after several reuses.Se estudió la actividad fotocatalítica y estabilidad de materiales 3% Fe/TiO2 sintetizados por impregnación húmeda incipiente (3% Fe/TiO2-DP25) y sol-gel (3% Fe/TiO2-sol-gel), usando fenol como molécula modelo. Se evaluó el efecto de parámetros de operación como concentración de fotocatalizador, H2O2 y pH de la solución. Los mayores porcentajes de degradación de fenol con ambos materiales se lograron utilizando 26 mg de fotocatalizador y 600 Mg/Ll de H2O2 a un pH de 3.0. El mejor porcentaje de degradación de fenol (99%) se obtuvo usando el catalizador 3% Fe/TiO2-DP25, en comparación a un 70% con el material 3% Fe/TiO2-sol-gel. No obstante, el material preparado por impregnación húmeda incipiente fue inestable evidenciando lixiviación de hierro. Por lo tantio, este catalizador no es adecuado para la degradación de fenol debido a razones ambientales y económicas. El catalizador preparado por sol-gel no mostró lixiviación de hierro durante la reacción y mantuvo su actividad y estabilidad catalítica después de varios reúsos

Phenol photocatalytic degradation over Fe-TiO2 materials synthesized by different methods

The photocatalytic activity and stability of 3% Fe-TiO2 materials synthesized by incipient wet impregnation (% Fe-TiO2-DP25) and sol-gel (3% Fe-TiO2-sol-gel) were studied using the phenol degradation as test reaction. The effects of various operation parameters including photocatalyst concentration, solution pH and initial H2O2 concentration on phenol degradation were also investigated. The higher phenol degradation was achieved using 26 mg of photocatalyst, H2O2 initial concentration of 600 mg/l and initial pH of 3.0 with both materials. It was found that 3% Fe-TiO2-DP25 enhanced activity, achieving a 99% phenol degradation, in comparison with 70% phenol degradation with the 3% Fe-TiO2-sol-gel. Notwithstanding, the material prepared by incipient wet impregnation method, evidenced leaching of iron ions from the material surface. Therefore, this catalyst is not suitable for the phenol degradation for environmental and economic reasons. The catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method did not show iron leaching during the reaction and maintain its catalytic activity after several reuses.Se estudió la actividad fotocatalítica y estabilidad de materiales 3% Fe/TiO2 sintetizados por impregnación húmeda incipiente (3% Fe/TiO2-DP25) y sol-gel (3% Fe/TiO2-sol-gel), usando fenol como molécula modelo. Se evaluó el efecto de parámetros de operación como concentración de fotocatalizador, H2O2 y pH de la solución. Los mayores porcentajes de degradación de fenol con ambos materiales se lograron utilizando 26 mg de fotocatalizador y 600 Mg/Ll de H2O2 a un pH de 3.0. El mejor porcentaje de degradación de fenol (99%) se obtuvo usando el catalizador 3% Fe/TiO2-DP25, en comparación a un 70% con el material 3% Fe/TiO2-sol-gel. No obstante, el material preparado por impregnación húmeda incipiente fue inestable evidenciando lixiviación de hierro. Por lo tantio, este catalizador no es adecuado para la degradación de fenol debido a razones ambientales y económicas. El catalizador preparado por sol-gel no mostró lixiviación de hierro durante la reacción y mantuvo su actividad y estabilidad catalítica después de varios reúsos

Effect of gold electronic state on the catalytic performance of nano gold catalysts in n-octanol oxidation

UIDB/50006/2020 project VIU-RSCBMT-65/2019 project 18-29-24037 (Russia) MINECO project CTQ2017-86170-R (Spain)This study aims to identify the role of the various electronic states of gold in the catalytic behavior of Au/MxOy/TiO2 (where MxOy are Fe2O3 or MgO) for the liquid phase oxidation of n-octanol, under mild conditions. For this purpose, Au/MxOy/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by deposition-precipitation with urea, varying the gold content (0.5 or 4 wt.%) and pretreatment conditions (H2 or O2), and characterized by low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), scanning transmission electron microscopy-high angle annular dark field (STEM HAADF), diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy of CO adsorption, temperature-programmable desorption (TPD) of ammonia and carbon dioxide, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Three states of gold were identified on the surface of the catalysts, Au0, Au1+ and Au3+, and their ratio determined the catalysts performance. Based on a comparison of catalytic and spectroscopic results, it may be concluded that Au+ was the active site state, while Au0 had negative effect, due to a partial blocking of Au0 by solvent. Au3+ also inhibited the oxidation process, due to the strong adsorption of the solvent and/or water formed during the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations confirmed these suggestions. The dependence of selectivity on the ratio of Brønsted acid centers to Brønsted basic centers was revealed.publishersversionpublishe

Nanocatalizadores para la producción de energías limpias

En este trabajo se discute brevemente la importancia de la nanotecnología para el desarrollo de materiales aplicados hacia la obtención de energías limpias. Las aplicaciones de los nanomateriales tienen un amplio espectro, desde la producción de energía eléctrica por medio de celdas solares o celdas de combustible, producción de diésel y gasolinas de ultra-bajo azufre provenientes de fuentes fósiles (petróleo), así como la síntesis de diésel y gasolinas sintéticas

Competitive HDS and HDN reactions over NiMoS/HMS-Al catalysts: Diminishing of the inhibition of HDS reaction by support modification with P

[EN] The effect of the support (Al-HMS) modification with P between (0.0-2.0 wt.%) was studied in this work. NiMo/Al-HMS-P(x) catalysts were prepared and sulfided in order to be tested in the hydrodesulfurizarion (HDS) reaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of carbazole and simultaneous HDS and HDN reactions. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR of framework vibration (FTIR-KBr), Micro-Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed adsorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For both, individual HDS and HDN reactions, all P-containing catalysts have shown a higher activity with respect to P-free sample. The catalyst modified with optimized amount of P (1 wt.%) promoted DBT transformation via HYD route of this reaction. Due to the important HYD properties, the NiMo/Al-HMS-P1.0 sample showed the lower inhibition factor during simultaneous HDS and HDN.CONACYT projects 152012, 155388 and 117373 for the financialsupports

Hydrogenation of CO₂ to Valuable C₂-C₅ Hydrocarbons on Mn-Promoted High-Surface-Area Iron Catalysts

Mn-promoted bulk iron catalysts with a high specific surface area (82–211 m2·g−1) were synthesized by coprecipitation followed by drying under supercritical conditions. The catalysts were tested in the CO2 hydrogenation to valuable C2-C5 hydrocarbons. The Mn-promoted iron catalysts exhibited better textural properties than the bare Fe2O3 catalyst, allowing better dispersion of the active phase, easier reduction and carburization of iron oxides and, consequently, resulting in higher catalytic activity than the bare Fe2O3 catalyst. The best activity results were obtained by catalyst promotion with a very low amount of Mn (Mn/Fe atomic ratio of 0.05). Upon steady state conditions (T = 340 °C, total pressure of 20 bar and H2/CO2 = 3), this catalyst exhibited high CO2 conversion (44.2%) and selectivity to C2-C4 hydrocarbons (68%, olefin to paraffin ratio of 0.54), while the selectivity to C5+ hydrocarbons, CH4 and CO was about 3.2, 38.5 and 5%, respectively. A close correlation was found between catalyst textural properties and CO2 conversion. The most active MnFe-0.05 catalyst exhibited high stability during 72 h of reaction related to a low amount of soft coke formation and catalyst activation through the formation of the χ-Fe5C2 phase during the on-stream reaction