Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) mediated decrease in metastasis of colon cancer cells: an in vitro and in vivo study

Background: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phytochemically active component obtained from honeybee hive propolis. CAPE has been reported to show antimitogenic, anticancer, and other beneficial medicinal properties. Many of its activities have been reported to be mediated by inhibiting levels of matrix metalloproteinase, that is, MMP-2 and MMP-9. We hypothesize the effect of CAPE on the metastasis of colon cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo.Methods: Cell migration, motility, invasion were evaluated also expression of protein and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured in SW-480 cancer cells in vitro. The cells were exposed to Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and were treated with various concentration of CAPE.Results: The treatment of CAPE caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in both cell motility and invasion. The treatment of CAPE inhibited activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their protein with increasing dose in SW-480 cancerous cells. Antimetastatic activity was evaluated in vivo in BALB/c mice by injecting them with CT-26 mouse colon cancer cells via tail vein and were treated with CAPE (20 mg/kg) orally for 21 days. The CAPE treatment significantly (P<0.05) reduced count of pulmonary nodules. The mice showed decreased plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity after 21 days treatment with CAPE.Conclusion: The study suggested beneficial role of CAPE in preventing invasion of colon cancer and metastasis via MMP- 2 and MMP-9 mediated pathway.Keywords: CAPE, colon cancer, SW-480, CT-26, anti-metastati

PP1A-Mediated Dephosphorylation Positively Regulates YAP2 Activity

Background: The Hippo/MST1 signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. As a major downstream target of the Hippo/MST1 pathway, YAP2 (Yes-associated protein 2) functions as a transcriptional cofactor that has been implicated in many biological processes, including organ size control and cancer development. MST1/Lats kinase inhibits YAP2’s nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity through inducing the phosphorylation at serine 127 and the sequential association with 14-3-3 proteins. However, the dephosphorylation of YAP2 is not fully appreciated. Methodology/Principal Findings: In the present study, we demonstrate that PP1A (catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1) interacts with and dephosphorylates YAP2 in vitro and in vivo, and PP1A-mediated dephosphorylation induces the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activation of YAP2. Inhibition of PP1 by okadiac acid (OA) increases the phosphorylation at serine 127 and cytoplasmic translocation of YAP2 proteins, thereby mitigating its transcription activity. PP1A expression enhances YAP2’s pro-survival capability and YAP2 knockdown sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings define a novel molecular mechanism that YAP2 is positively regulated by PP1mediate

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Direct Regioselective Synthesis of 7‑Substituted Indoles

An efficient, atom-economic one-pot method was developed for the preparation of 7-substituted indoles via rhodium(III)-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling. Regioselective olefination of indoline derivatives followed by one-pot subsequent oxidation provided the desired products in good to excellent yields

YAP enhances autophagic flux to promote breast cancer cell survival in response to nutrient deprivation.

The Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional coactivator inactivated by the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, functions as an oncoprotein in a variety of cancers. However, its contribution to breast cancer remains controversial. This study investigated the role of YAP in breast cancer cells under nutrient deprivation (ND). Here, we show that YAP knockdown sensitized MCF7 breast cancer cells to nutrient deprivation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, in response to ND, YAP increased the autolysosome degradation, thereby enhancing the cellular autophagic flux in breast cancer cells. Of note, autophagy is crucial for YAP to protect MCF7 cells from apoptosis under ND conditions. In addition, the TEA domain (TEAD) family of growth-promoting transcription factors was indispensable for YAP-mediated regulation of autophagy. Collectively, our data reveal a role for YAP in promoting breast cancer cell survival upon ND stress and uncover an unappreciated function of YAP/TEAD in the regulation of autophagy

CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER (CAPE) MEDIATED DECREASE IN METASTASIS OF COLON CANCER CELLS: AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY

Background: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phytochemically active component obtained from honeybee hive propolis. CAPE has been reported to show antimitogenic, anticancer, and other beneficial medicinal properties. Many of its activities have been reported to be mediated by inhibiting levels of matrix metalloproteinase, that is, MMP-2 and MMP-9. We hypothesize the effect of CAPE on the metastasis of colon cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Cell migration, motility, invasion were evaluated also expression of protein and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured in SW-480 cancer cells in vitro. The cells were exposed to Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and were treated with various concentration of CAPE. Results: The treatment of CAPE caused significant decrease (

Enhancing microplastics biodegradation during composting using livestock manure biochar

Biodegradation of microplastics (MPs) in contaminated biowastes has received big scientific attention during the past few years. The aim here is to study the impacts of livestock manure biochar (LMBC) on the biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate microplastics (PHA-MPs) during composting, which have not yet been verified. LMBC (10% wt/wt) and PHA-MPs (0.5% wt/wt) were added to a mixture of pristine cow manure and sawdust for composting, whereas a mixture without LMBC served as the control (CK). The maximum degradation rate of PHA-MPs (22–31%) was observed in the thermophilic composting stage in both mixtures. LMBC addition significantly (

Feasibility Studies of the Sequential Dewatering/Dry Separation of Chinese Lignite in a Vibration Fluidized-Bed Dryer: Effect of Physical Parameters and Operation Conditions

The combined dewatering process and dry separation in a vibration fluidized-bed dryer was developed to upgrade Chinese lignite in terms of moisture and ash for effective utilization in power plants. The influence of operational parameters (fluidizing gas velocity, vibration strength, bed height, and drying temperature) and lignite properties (particle size and moisture content) on the drying or separation characteristics of −6–1 mm lignite was examined in a laboratory-scale vibration fluidized-bed dryer. Both operational parameters and lignite properties had a significant effect on the drying and separation performance. The drying and separation behaviors of a vibration fluidized bed were both enhanced in comparison to the case without vibration under the same operating conditions. Moreover, with the change in gas velocity, the drying and separation processes could be combined in the same vibration fluidized-bed dryer. Both processes achieved promising results compared to those of the fixed gas velocity condition, which was confirmed by the low calorific value analysis. A sequential drying and separation system in a vibro-fluidized-bed dryer was also designed on the basis of the separation and drying characteristic results

The different sensitivity to nutrient deprivation (ND) caused by YAP is attenuated after autophagy inhibition.

<p><b>(A)</b> MCF7 cells were cultured under the indicated conditions for 36 h without chloroquine (CQ) or for 18 h with CQ, stained by Annexin V-FITC/PI, and analyzed with flow cytometry. Representative results are shown. <b>(B)</b> Quantitative analysis of percentages of apoptotic cells according to results of (A) are expressed as the percentage of Annexin V-positive cells out of the total number of cells in the gate. Data are shown as the means±SEM. *<i>P</i><0.05, n = 3. <b>(C)</b> After 38 h (without CQ) or 18 h (with CQ) of indicated treatments, MCF7-shCtrl, shYAP and YAP Res cell viability was determined by MTT assay. *<i>P</i><0.05, n = 3. <b>(D)</b> After 38 h (without CQ/NH₄Cl) or 18 h (with CQ/NH₄Cl) of indicated treatments, MCF7-shCtrl, shYAP and YAP Res cells were stained by Annexin V-FITC/PI and analyzed with flow cytometry. <b>(E)</b> Quantitative analysis of percentages of apoptotic cells according to the results of (D) was assayed as previously. Data are shown as the means±SEM. *<i>P</i><0.05, n = 3. <b>(F)</b> MCF7-shCtrl and shYAP cells were transfected with control (Ctrl) and LC3 siRNA for 48 h and treated with ND for 36 h. Cells were then stained by Annexin V-FITC/PI and analyzed with flow cytometry. Quantitative analysis of percentages of apoptotic cells is derived from triplicates. *<i>P</i><0.05, n = 3. <b>(G)</b> MCF7-shCtrl and shYAP cells were transfected with control (Ctrl) and LC3 siRNA for 48 h and cultured in normal medium or EBSS (ND) for 36 h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. *<i>P</i><0.05, n = 3. <b>(H)</b> MCF7-shCtrl and shYAP cells were transfected with the indicated siRNA for 48 h and cultured in normal medium or EBSS (ND) for 36 h. Representative blots are shown. The experiment was repeated twice.</p