Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Finger pad friction and tactile perception of laser treated, stamped and cold rolled micro-structured stainless steel sheet surfaces

Tactile perception is a complex system, which depends on frictional interactions between skin and counter-body. The contact mechanics of tactile friction is governed by many factors such as the state and properties of skin and counter-body. In order to discover the connection between perception and tactile friction on textured stainless steel sheets, both perception experiments (subjective) and tactile friction measurements (objective) were performed in this research. The perception experiments were carried out by using a panel test method to identify the perceived roughness, perceived stickiness and comfort level from the participants. For the friction experiments, tactile friction was measured by a multi-axis force/torque transducer in vivo. The perceived stickiness was illustrated as an effective subjective stimulus, which has a negative correlation to the comfort perception. No significant evidence was revealed to the connection between the perceived roughness and comfort perception, and this relationship may be influenced by the participants’ individual experience, gender and moisture level of skin. Furthermore, the kinetic tactile friction was concluded as an objective stimulus to the comfort perception with a negative correlation.Railway Engineerin

Combined effect of annealing temperature and vanadium substitution for mangetocaloric Mn_1.2-xV_xFe_0.75P_0.5Si_0.5 alloys

Approaching the border of the first order transition and second order transition is significant to optimize the giant magnetocaloric materials performance. The influence of vanadium substitution in the Mn1.2-xVxFe0.75P0.5Si0.5 alloys is investigated for annealing temperatures of 1323, 1373 and 1423 K. By tuning both the annealing temperature and the V substitution simultaneously, the magnetocaloric effect can be enhanced without enlarging the thermal hysteresis near the border of the first to second order transition. Neutron diffraction measurements reveal the changes of site occupation and interatomic distances caused by varying the annealing temperature and V substitution. The properties of the alloy with x = 0.02 annealed at 1323 K is comparable to those found for the MnFe0.95P0.595Si0.33B0.075 alloy, illustrating that Mn1.2-xVxFe0.75P0.5Si0.5 alloys are excellent materials for magnetic heat-pumping near room temperature.RST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and EnergyQRD/Kouwenhoven LabRST/Neutron and Positron Methods in Material

Selection of micro-fabrication techniques on stainless steel sheet for skin friction

This review gives a concise introduction to the state-of-art techniques used for surface texturing, e.g., wet etching, plasma etching, laser surface texturing (LST), 3D printing, etc. In order to fabricate deterministic textures with the desired geometric structures and scales, the innovative texturing technologies are developed and extended. Such texturing technology is an emerging frontier with revolutionary impact in industrial and scientific fields. With the help of the latest fabrication technologies, surface textures are scaling down and more complex deterministic patterns may be fabricated with desired functions, e.g., lotus effect (hydrophobic), gecko feet (adhesive), haptic tactile, etc. The objective of this review is to explore the surface texturing technology and its contributions to the applications.Railway Engineerin

An extension of the Quasicontinuum Treatment of Multiscale Solid Systems to Nonzero Temperature

Covering the solid lattice with a finite-element mesh produces a coarse-grained system of mesh nodes as pseudoatoms interacting through an effective potential energy that depends implicitly on the thermodynamic state. Use of the pseudoatomic Hamiltonian in a Monte Carlo simulation of the two-dimensional Lennard-Jones crystal yields equilibrium thermomechanical properties (e.g., isotropic stress) in excellent agreement with ``exact'' fully atomistic results

OPTIMIZING EXTRACTION AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANOSOLV LIGNIN FROM WHEAT STRAW

Organosolv lignin from wheat straw was isolated with 1,3-butanediol at different temperatures (100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 degrees C) for 3 h and at 180 degrees C for different time periods (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 5 h), respectively. The yield of the lignin fractions was generally high, the highest yield could reach 76.6% of the original lignin content. The most striking characteristics of these lignin fractions were the almost complete absence of neutral sugars (0.87%) and their low molecular weights (1500-2520 g/mol) with narrow polydispersities. Results showed that the organosolv lignin fractions contained a small amount of non-condensed guaiacyl, syringyl and p-hydroxyphenyl units, and a higher proportion of syringyl units was detected in the lignin fraction with a prolongation of the treatment time. Moreover, C-13-NMRand 2D HSQC spectra showed that the process did not significantly change the typical structure of the lignin

Nanospherical-lens lithographical Ag nanodisk arrays embedded in p-GaN for localized surface plasmon-enhanced blue light emitting diodes

Large-scale Ag nanodisks (NDs) arrays fabricated using nanospherical-lens lithography (NLL) are embedded in p-GaN layer of an InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode (LED) for generating localized surface plasmon (LSP) coupling with the radiating dipoles in the quantum-well (QWs). Based on the Ag NDs with the controlled surface coverage, LSP leads to the improved crystalline quality of regrowth p-GaN, increased photoluminescence (PL) intensity, reduced PL decay time, and enhanced output power of LED. Compared with the LED without Ag NDs, the optical output power at a current of 350 mA of the LSP-enhanced LEDs with Ag NDs having a distance of 20 and 35 nm to QWs is increased by 26.7% and 31.1%, respectively. The electrical characteristics and optical properties of LEDs with embedded Ag NPs are dependent on the distance of between Ag NPs and QWs region. The LED with Ag NDs array structure is also found to exhibit reduced emission divergence, compared to that without Ag NDs. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License