17 research outputs found

    Une approche de fouille de textes pour l’identification automatique de relations spatiales

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    International audienceLa dĂ©couverte de connaissances Ă  partir de textes, en particulier l’identification d’informations spatiales, est une tĂąche difficile due Ă  la complexitĂ© destextes Ă©crits en langage naturel. Dans nos travaux, nous proposons une mĂ©thode combinant deux approches statistiques (analyse lexicale et contextuelle) et une approche de fouille de textes pour identifier les types de relations spatiales

    Evaluating beauty care provided by the hospital to women suffering from breast cancer: qualitative aspects

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    International audienceGOALS OF WORK: Cancer patients are offered more and more access to beauty care during their stay in the hospital. This kind of intervention has not been evaluated yet. Primary objective of our research was to determine what type of evaluation strategy to be implemented (as a supportive care with quality of life and/or medical benefits; as a service providing immediate comfort); intermediate objective was to investigate in scientific terms (psychological, sociological) the experience of beauty care by patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients (all users of beauty care provided by hospital, 58 female, most of them treated for breast cancer, two male, mean age 53 years) and 11 nurses and physicians, from four French cancer centres were included. We used direct observation and semi-structured interviews, conducted by a sociologist and a psychologist; different types of beauty care were concerned. RESULTS: All the interviewed patients were satisfied. Patients appreciated acquiring savoir-faire on how to use make-up and on personal image enhancement. Psychological and social well-being benefits were mentioned. The beauty care was not alleged to be reducing the side effects of the treatments, but it had helped patients to accept or bear the burden of them. Providing care beyond that which is directly curative was appreciated by the patients as a sign that they were treated as a "whole" person. CONCLUSION: The survey brings valuable clues concerning beauty care experience by cancer patients; it suggests the relevance of quantitative evaluation of the immediate and long-term effects on the quality of life

    Extraction d'information spatiale à partir de données textuelles non-standards

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    The extraction of spatial information from textual data has become an important research topic in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). It meets a crucial need in the information society, in particular, to improve the efficiency of Information Retrieval (IR) systems for different applications (tourism, spatial planning, opinion analysis, etc.). Such systems require a detailed analysis of the spatial information contained in the available textual data (web pages, e-mails, tweets, SMS, etc.). However, the multitude and the variety of these data, as well as the regular emergence of new forms of writing, make difficult the automatic extraction of information from such corpora.To meet these challenges, we propose, in this thesis, new text mining approaches allowing the automatic identification of variants of spatial entities and relations from textual data of the mediated communication. These approaches are based on three main contributions that provide intelligent navigation methods. Our first contribution focuses on the problem of recognition and identification of spatial entities from short messages corpora (SMS, tweets) characterized by weakly standardized modes of writing. The second contribution is dedicated to the identification of new forms/variants of spatial relations from these specific corpora. Finally, the third contribution concerns the identification of the semantic relations associated withthe textual spatial information.L’extraction d’information spatiale Ă  partir de donnĂ©es textuelles est dĂ©sormais un sujet de recherche important dans le domaine du Traitement Automatique du Langage Naturel (TALN). Elle rĂ©pond Ă  un besoin devenu incontournable dans la sociĂ©tĂ© de l’information, en particulier pour amĂ©liorer l’efficacitĂ© des systĂšmes de Recherche d’Information (RI) pour diffĂ©rentes applications (tourisme, amĂ©nagement du territoire, analyse d’opinion, etc.). De tels systĂšmes demandent une analyse fine des informations spatiales contenues dans les donnĂ©es textuelles disponibles (pages web, courriels, tweets, SMS, etc.). Cependant, la multitude et la variĂ©tĂ© de ces donnĂ©es ainsi que l’émergence rĂ©guliĂšre de nouvelles formes d’écriture rendent difficile l’extraction automatique d’information Ă  partir de corpus souvent peu standards d’un point de vue lexical voire syntaxique.Afin de relever ces dĂ©fis, nous proposons, dans cette thĂšse, des approches originales de fouille de textes permettant l’identification automatique de nouvelles variantes d’entitĂ©s et relations spatiales Ă  partir de donnĂ©es textuelles issues de la communication mĂ©diĂ©e. Ces approches sont fondĂ©es sur trois principales contributions qui sont cruciales pour fournir des mĂ©thodes de navigation intelligente. Notre premiĂšre contribution se concentre sur la problĂ©matique de reconnaissance et d’extraction des entitĂ©s spatiales Ă  partir de corpus de messages courts (SMS, tweets) marquĂ©s par une Ă©criture peu standard. La deuxiĂšme contribution est dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  l’identification de nouvelles formes/variantes de relations spatiales Ă  partir de ces corpus spĂ©cifiques. Enfin, la troisiĂšme contribution concerne l’identification des relations sĂ©mantiques associĂ©es Ă  l’information spatiale contenue dans les textes. Les Ă©valuations menĂ©es sur des corpus rĂ©els, principalement en français (SMS, tweets, presse), soulignent l’intĂ©rĂȘt de ces contributions. Ces derniĂšres permettent d’enrichir la typologie des relations spatiales dĂ©finies dans la communautĂ© scientifique et, plus largement, de dĂ©crire finement l’information spatiale vĂ©hiculĂ©e dans les donnĂ©es textuelles non standards issues d’une communication mĂ©diĂ©e aujourd’hui foisonnante

    Spatial information extraction from non-standard textual data

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    L’extraction d’information spatiale Ă  partir de donnĂ©es textuelles est dĂ©sormais un sujet de recherche important dans le domaine du Traitement Automatique du Langage Naturel (TALN). Elle rĂ©pond Ă  un besoin devenu incontournable dans la sociĂ©tĂ© de l’information, en particulier pour amĂ©liorer l’efficacitĂ© des systĂšmes de Recherche d’Information (RI) pour diffĂ©rentes applications (tourisme, amĂ©nagement du territoire, analyse d’opinion, etc.). De tels systĂšmes demandent une analyse fine des informations spatiales contenues dans les donnĂ©es textuelles disponibles (pages web, courriels, tweets, SMS, etc.). Cependant, la multitude et la variĂ©tĂ© de ces donnĂ©es ainsi que l’émergence rĂ©guliĂšre de nouvelles formes d’écriture rendent difficile l’extraction automatique d’information Ă  partir de corpus souvent peu standards d’un point de vue lexical voire syntaxique.Afin de relever ces dĂ©fis, nous proposons, dans cette thĂšse, des approches originales de fouille de textes permettant l’identification automatique de nouvelles variantes d’entitĂ©s et relations spatiales Ă  partir de donnĂ©es textuelles issues de la communication mĂ©diĂ©e. Ces approches sont fondĂ©es sur trois principales contributions qui sont cruciales pour fournir des mĂ©thodes de navigation intelligente. Notre premiĂšre contribution se concentre sur la problĂ©matique de reconnaissance et d’extraction des entitĂ©s spatiales Ă  partir de corpus de messages courts (SMS, tweets) marquĂ©s par une Ă©criture peu standard. La deuxiĂšme contribution est dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  l’identification de nouvelles formes/variantes de relations spatiales Ă  partir de ces corpus spĂ©cifiques. Enfin, la troisiĂšme contribution concerne l’identification des relations sĂ©mantiques associĂ©es Ă  l’information spatiale contenue dans les textes. Les Ă©valuations menĂ©es sur des corpus rĂ©els, principalement en français (SMS, tweets, presse), soulignent l’intĂ©rĂȘt de ces contributions. Ces derniĂšres permettent d’enrichir la typologie des relations spatiales dĂ©finies dans la communautĂ© scientifique et, plus largement, de dĂ©crire finement l’information spatiale vĂ©hiculĂ©e dans les donnĂ©es textuelles non standards issues d’une communication mĂ©diĂ©e aujourd’hui foisonnante.The extraction of spatial information from textual data has become an important research topic in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). It meets a crucial need in the information society, in particular, to improve the efficiency of Information Retrieval (IR) systems for different applications (tourism, spatial planning, opinion analysis, etc.). Such systems require a detailed analysis of the spatial information contained in the available textual data (web pages, e-mails, tweets, SMS, etc.). However, the multitude and the variety of these data, as well as the regular emergence of new forms of writing, make difficult the automatic extraction of information from such corpora.To meet these challenges, we propose, in this thesis, new text mining approaches allowing the automatic identification of variants of spatial entities and relations from textual data of the mediated communication. These approaches are based on three main contributions that provide intelligent navigation methods. Our first contribution focuses on the problem of recognition and identification of spatial entities from short messages corpora (SMS, tweets) characterized by weakly standardized modes of writing. The second contribution is dedicated to the identification of new forms/variants of spatial relations from these specific corpora. Finally, the third contribution concerns the identification of the semantic relations associated withthe textual spatial information

    Discovering types of spatial relations with a text mining approach

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    Knowledge discovery from texts, particularly the identification of spatial information is a difficult task due to the complexity of texts written in natural language. Here we propose a method combining two statistical approaches (lexical and contextual analysis) and a text mining approach to automatically identify types of spatial relations. Experiments conducted on an English corpus are presented. (Résumé d'auteur

    DĂ©couverte de nouvelles entitĂ©s et relations spatiales Ă  partir d’un corpus de SMS

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    Pour la cinquiĂšme fois, aprĂšs Nancy en 2002, FĂšs en 2004, Avignon en 2008 et Grenoble en 2012, l'AFCP (Association Francophone pour la Communication ParlĂ©e) et l'ATALA (Association pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues) organisent conjointement leur principale confĂ©rence afin de rĂ©unir en un seul lieu les deux communautĂ©s de l'analyse et du traitement des langues Ă©crites, parlĂ©es et signĂ©es.Cette Ă©dition regroupera donc :les 31e JournĂ©es d'Etudes sur la Parole (JEP),la 23e confĂ©rence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TALN),la 18e Rencontre des Étudiants Chercheurs en Informatique pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues (RÉCITAL).International audienceWithin the context of the currently available data masses, many works related to the analysis of spatial information are based on the exploitation of textual data. Mediated communication (SMS, tweets, etc.) conveying spatial information takes a prominent place. The objective of the work presented in this paper is to extract the spatial information from an authentic corpus of SMS in French. We propose a process in which, firstly, we extract new spatial entities (e.g. motpellier, montpeul associate with the place names Montpellier). Secondly, we identify new spatial relations that precede spatial entities (e.g. sur, par, pres, etc.). The task is very challenging and complex due of the specificity of SMS language which is based on weakly standardized writing (lexical creation, massive use of abbreviations, textual variants, etc.). The experiments that were carried out from the corpus 88milSMS highlight the robustness of our system in identifying new spatial entities and relations.Dans le contexte des masses de données aujourd’hui disponibles, de nombreux travaux liés à l’analyse de l’information spatiale s’appuient sur l’exploitation des données textuelles. La communication médiée (SMS, tweets, etc.) véhiculant des informations spatiales prend une place prépondérante. L’objectif du travail présenté dans cet article consiste à extraire ces informations spatiales à partir d’un corpus authentique de SMS en français. Nous proposons un processus dans lequel, dans un premier temps, nous extrayons de nouvelles entités spatiales (par exemple, motpellier, montpeul à associer au toponyme Montpellier). Dans un second temps, nous identifions de nouvelles relations spatiales qui précèdent les entités spatiales (par exemple, sur, par, pres, etc.). La tâche est difficile et complexe en raison de la spécificité du langage SMS qui repose sur une écriture peu standardisée (apparition de nombreux lexiques, utilisation massive d’abréviations, variation par rapport à l’écrit classique, etc.). Les expérimentations qui ont été réalisées à partir du corpus 88milSMS mettent en relief la robustesse de notre système pour identifier de nouvelles entités et relations spatiales

    Spatial Information Extraction from Short Messages

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    IF 3.93International audience'Proposition of original methods for Spatial Entity/Relation extraction.'Extraction of new variations of spatial entities from SMS and tweets.'Extraction of new spatial relations, and new variations of spatial relations.'Our method achieved an F-measure score of 0.84 and 0.86 for SMS and tweets.'Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art tools (i.e. Polyglot, Stanford NER)
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