Forgiveness and interpersonal skills in same-sexed friendships

Although forgiveness is a largely interpersonal process, little research has examined the relationship between forgiveness and the interpersonal skills that may be important in forgiving another for an offence. The current study addressed this issue by investigating the relationship between forgiveness and interpersonal skills in same-sexed friendships among a community sample of 210 people (mean age 38.32 years). Each participant completed the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005), which assesses forgiveness of self, others, and situations; and the same-sex friend version of the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg, & Reis, 1988) which assesses skills in initiation, negative assertion, self-disclosure, emotional support, and conflict management. Positive correlations were found between all five interpersonal skills and the three types of forgiveness, with only the relationship between forgiveness of others and negative assertion failing to reach significance. Separate hierarchical regressions were conducted to predict each type of forgiveness, with age and gender entered at Step 1 and the interpersonal skills variables entered at Step 2. Age, initiation skills, and conflict management skills each contributed uniquely to the prediction of all three types of forgiveness. Discussion centres around the relationship between forgiveness and interpersonal skills

Frictional magnetodrag between spatially separated two-dimensional electron systems: Coulomb versus phonon mediated electron-electron interaction

We study the frictional drag due to Coulomb and phonon mediated electron-electron interaction in a double layer electron system exposed to a perpendicular magnetic field. Within the random phase approximation we calculate the dispersion relation of the intra Landau level magnetoplasmons at finite temperatures and distinguish their contribution to the magnetodrag. We calculate the transresistivity $\rho_{Drag}$ as a function of magnetic field $B$, temperature $T$, and interlayer spacing $\Lambda$ for a matched electron density. For $\Lambda =200$ nm we find that $\rho_{Drag}$ is solely due to phonon exchange and shows no double-peak structure as a function of $B$. For $\Lambda =30$ nm, $\rho_{Drag}$ shows the double-peak structure and is mainly due to Coulomb interaction. The value of $\rho_{Drag}$ is about 0.3 $\Omega$ at T=2 K and for the half-filled second Lanadau level, which is about 13 times larger than the value for $\Lambda =200$ nm. At lower edge of the temperature interval from 0.1 to 8 K, $\rho_{Drag}/ T^{2}$ remains finite for $\Lambda =30$ nm while it tends to zero for $\Lambda =200$ nm. Near the upper edge of this interval, $\rho_{Drag}$ for $\Lambda =30$ nm is approximately linear in $T$ while for $\Lambda =200$ nm it decreases slowly in $T$. Therefore, the peak of $\rho_{Drag}/ T^{2}$ is very sharp for $\Lambda =200$ nm. This strikingly different magnetic field and temperature dependence of $\rho_{Drag}$ ascribe we mainly to the weak screening effect at large interlayer separations.Comment: replaced with revised versio

Phonon mediated drag in double layer two dimensional electron systems

Experiments studying phonon mediated drag in the double layer two dimensional electron gas system are reported. Detailed measurements of the dependence of drag on temperature, layer spacing, density ratio, and matched density are discussed. Comparisons are made to theoretical results [M. C. Bonsager et al., Phys. Rev. B 57, 7085 (1998)] which propose the existence of a new coupled electron-phonon collective mode. The layer spacing and density dependence at matched densities for samples with layer spacings below 2600 A do not support the existence of this mode, showing behavior expected for independent electron and phonon systems. The magnitude of the drag, however, suggests the alternate limit; one in which electrons and phonons are strongly coupled. The results for still larger layer spacing show significant discrepancies with the behavior expected for either limit.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, Late

Many-body correlations probed by plasmon-enhanced drag measurements in double quantum well structures

Electron drag measurements of electron-electron scattering rates performed close to the Fermi temperature are reported. While evidence of an enhancement due to plasmons, as was recently predicted [K. Flensberg and B. Y.-K. Hu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3572 (1994)], is found, important differences with the random-phase approximation based calculations are observed. Although static correlation effects likely account for part of this difference, it is argued that correlation-induced multiparticle excitations must be included to account for the magnitude of the rates and observed density dependences.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex Accepted in Phys. Rev.

Missing 2k_F Response for Composite Fermions in Phonon Drag

The response of composite Fermions to large wavevector scattering has been studied through phonon drag measurements. While the response retains qualitative features of the electron system at zero magnetic field, notable discrepancies develop as the system is varied from a half-filled Landau level by changing density or field. These deviations, which appear to be inconsistent with the current picture of composite Fermions, are absent if half-filling is maintained while changing density. There remains, however, a clear deviation from the temperature dependence anticipated for 2k_F scattering.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Frictional drag between quantum wells mediated by phonon exchange

We use the Kubo formalism to evaluate the contribution of acoustic phonon exchange to the frictional drag between nearby two-dimensional electron systems. In the case of free phonons, we find a divergent drag rate ($\tau_{D}^{-1}$). However, $\tau_{D}^{-1}$ becomes finite when phonon scattering from either lattice imperfections or electronic excitations is accounted for. In the case of GaAs quantum wells, we find that for a phonon mean free path $\ell_{ph}$ smaller than a critical value, imperfection scattering dominates and the drag rate varies as $ln (\ell_{ph}/d)$ over many orders of magnitude of the layer separation $d$. When $\ell_{ph}$ exceeds the critical value, the drag rate is dominated by coupling through an electron-phonon collective mode localized in the vicinity of the electron layers. We argue that the coupled electron-phonon mode may be observable for realistic parameters. Our theory is in good agreement with experimental results for the temperature, density, and $d$-dependence of the drag rate.Comment: 45 pages, LaTeX, 8 postscript file figure

Parental bonding and religiosity as predictors of dispositional forgiveness

As part of a larger study, eighty-nine Christian adults from the general community were surveyed to determine the extent to which dispositional forgiveness could be predicted from religiosity and parental bonding variables (i.e., mother and father care and overprotection). Participants ranged in age from 18 to 66 years (M = 40.21 years). Care and overprotection were measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979), dispositional forgiveness was measured by the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005), and religiosity was assessed via an item that tapped the extent to which participants‘ religious beliefs were important to them. Separate hierarchical regressions were used to predict forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Age and gender were entered at Step 1, religiosity at Step 2, and the four parental bonding variables at Step 3. Age and mother care were the strongest predictors of forgiveness of self, such that older participants who perceived their mothers as caring were more forgiving. The full model accounted for 22.1% of the variance in forgiveness of self. However,religiosity was important in predicting forgiveness of others and situations. For forgiveness of others, religiosity was the only variable that made a unique significant contribution to the prediction, with the full model explaining 28.8% of the variance. For forgiveness of situations, age and religiosity were the only variables that made unique significant contributions, with the full model explaining 24.9% of the variance.Mother care may have been more important than religiosity in predicting forgiveness of self due to the importance of mother care in the development of a healthy self-esteem. Religiosity may have beenimportant in predicting forgiveness of others and situations due to specific Christian beliefs regarding those aspects of forgiveness. These results have implications for counselling, particularly when dealing with different types of forgiveness. Due to the relatively small sample size, further replications are required in order to clarify and extend the current finding

Increasing Psychological Referrals for Lung Cancer Patients with Depression and Anxiety: Experience with ASCO Screening and Treatment Guidelines

Lung cancer patients report some of the highest levels of depression and anxiety of all cancer types. To provide patients with an avenue for psychological treatment, hospitals and clinics may refer patients to psychological services. In 2023 the American Society of Clinical Oncology released guidelines for screening adult cancer patients with depression and anxiety. For the present study, ASCO guideline-recommended screening measures (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7], Patients Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) were administered to an observational cohort of individuals with stage IV lung cancer (N = 287; NCT03199651). 60 (21%) of patients exceeded cutoffs (PHQ ≥ 8 and/or GAD ≥ 10) and 227 (79%) did not. If a patient screened “positive” the respective oncologist received a letter notifying him/her of the symptom elevations and recommending a psychological evaluation follow-up. In 2/2023, a medical record search for all patients determined instances of referrals to psychological services. For patients with a positive screen (n = 60), 23 (38%) were referred to a psychological service but the majority 37 (62%) were not. For added clarity, post hoc analyses contrasted characteristics of the positive, referred patients versus the positive, not referred patients. Referred patients did not differ significantly from those not referred on any measure or sociodemographic, except being somewhat younger (57 versus 64). As this example suggests, lung cancer patients have high rates of depression and anxiety, making screening a critical, necessary step. However, patients’ actual care paths thereafter are little examined, and the majority of positively screened patients studied here did not have a referral for further psychological evaluation and/or treatment. Achieving a second step of referral is complex. Data suggest notification to a patient’s physician may be insufficient to eventuate in patients’ mental health care, with the need to examine the processes following screening to ensure guideline-recommended mental health care.No embargoAcademic Major: Psycholog

Arctic Change: Drivers and Solutions

The Arctic is collapsing! Scientists believe that by 2040 the polar region, which is home to an abundance of unique species, will have no more remaining ice. According to the World Wildlife Fund, the Arctic is losing sea ice at a rate of thirteen percent per decade. Due to this loss, species are forced to seek out new habitats resulting in land conflict between animals and humans, a loss of genetic variability due to fragmentation, and a rapidly increasing possibility of extinction. This habitat loss greatly affects many Arctic animals such as migratory seabirds, polar bears, and several aquatic mammal species. The goal of this project is to offer solutions to help conserve the sea-ice in the Arctic. To accomplish this goal, as a part of a cross-institutional study between North Carolina State University and Northern Michigan University, our group conducted an extensive literature review to get a full understanding of this conservation issue and examined it from diverse perspectives. We plan to address the direct impacts of climate change on the Arctic, how habitat loss is harming Arctic wildlife specifically, and how we can help preserve the sea-ice for generations to come. Focusing on the Arctic not only allows us to observe the direct effects on the specific region and the species within but also helps us gain a better understanding of current causes contributing to habitat loss and fragmentation and how to possibly mitigate these issues in other regions