Indication of high basal melting at the EastGRIP drill site on the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream

The accelerated ice flow of ice streams that reach far into the interior of the ice sheets is associated with lubrication of the ice sheet base by basal meltwater. However, the amount of basal melting under the large ice streams – such as the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) – is largely unknown. In situ measurements of basal melt rates are important from various perspectives as they indicate the heat budget, the hydrological regime and the relative importance of sliding in glacier motion. The few previous estimates of basal melt rates in the NEGIS region were 0.1 m/a and more, based on radiostratigraphy methods. These findings raised the question of the heat source, since even an increased geothermal heat flux could not deliver the necessary amount of heat. Here, we present basal melt rates at the recent deep drill site EastGRIP, located in the centre of NEGIS. Within 2 subsequent years, we found basal melt rates of 0.19±0.04 m/a that are based on analysis of repeated phase-sensitive radar measurements. In order to quantify the contribution of processes that contribute to melting, we carried out an assessment of the energy balance at the interface and found the subglacial water system to play a key role in facilitating such high melt rates

Gekränkte Zuneigung. Publizistischer Italienboykott und kunstgeschichtliche Italiensehnsucht zur Zeit des Ersten Weltkriegs

Als Italien im Mai 1915 Österreich-Ungarn und seinen Verbündeten den Krieg erklärte, brach für die deutschsprachige Kunstgeschichte eine Welt zusammen. Dabei ging es nicht nur um den Fortbestand wissenschaftlicher Forschung in Italien, sondern auch um jene ideelle ‚Liebe‘ zur Kultur des Südens, die durch lange währende Italomanie zu einem Teil der eigenen Identität geworden war. Anhand von überwiegend wenig beachteten Quellen, die mehrheitlich den populären Medien und den Zeitungsfeuilletons entstammen, versuche ich diese Fachdebatten um die Zukunft der kunsthistorischen Italienforschung in die ressentimentgeladenen und nationalistischen Diskurse der Breitenpublizistik einzubetten, die nach 1915 in der Öffentlichkeit kursierten. Angestachelt durch literarische Aufrufe zum Boykott, wie sie in der populären Kultur- und Reisepublizistik formuliert wurden, artikulierte sich innerhalb der Disziplin ein trotziges Recht auf Besitznahme, das annexionistische Züge trug und dem nur sehr verhalten widersprochen wurde

Moving Algorithm Immersive Technologien und reflexive Räume für be-greifbare Interaktion

Sensual experience and interaction, combined with abstract concepts from informatics, arouse children s curiosity about technical processes. That is the assumption of this dissertation. The concept Moving Algorithm aims to provide guidelines on how technical systems in the field of media education for children can be designed and developed to encourage independent learning. Criteria are given for such digital products. This PhD project contributes to the field of interaction design and children. Moving Algorithm is implemented within the application of Der Schwarm, which allows the examination of algorithmic processes through sensual experience and interaction. Exploration is provided on several levels, as multiple senses as well as cognitive abilities are addressed. A concept allows the organisation of workshops particularly for evaluation purposes. Workshops employing methods from empirical social research have been held and evaluated

Towards Differential Static Magnetic Localization of Commercial Capsule Endoscopes: An Evaluation Using Different Ring and Cylindrical Magnets

Capsule endoscopy is a promising diagnostic tool for the entire gastrointestinal tract. Since a patient swallows the capsules, their size must be sufficiently small. The principal built-in components are cameras, silver-oxide batteries, light emitting diodes, and an antenna for transmitting the video. For diagnosis and treatment, the precise localization of the capsules for specific video frames is required. Recently, static magnetic localization of these capsules with an integrated permanent magnet showed promising results. However, in the state-of-the-art, relatively large magnets compared to the small capsules were used. Therefore, in this extended paper, the localization performance of a recently proposed optimized differential static magnetic localization method for different sized disc and ring magnets was evaluated. The ring magnets were designed for integration with the two batteries of commercial capsules. The magnets were evaluated in static and dynamic scenarios to evaluate the performance of the method in a patient's daily life. It was revealed that the mean position and orientation errors did not exceed 5 mm and 4∘, respectively, for all applied magnets except for the 1.5 and 3 mm long disc magnets. Moreover, the results indicated that the ferromagnetic batteries of capsule endoscopes increase the localization performance when they are centered within a diametrical ring magnet. Overall, it was revealed that the localization performance of the optimized differential method is significantly better than the state-of-the-art even when the magnet volume is significantly reduced compared to previous work. Therefore, it was concluded that 5 mm long disc magnet or a ring magnet are excellent candidates for integration into a commercial capsule for magnetic localization and yield the advantage of being passive magnetic sources.</p

Seasonal Observations at 79°N Glacier (Greenland) From Remote Sensing and in situ Measurements

This study investigates seasonal ice dynamics of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden or 79°N Glacier, one of the major outlet glaciers of the North East Greenland Ice Stream. Based on remote sensing data and in-situ GPS measurements we show that surface melt water is quickly routed to the ice-bed interface with a direct response on ice velocities measured at the surface. From the temporally highly resolved GPS time series we found summer peak velocities of up to 22 faster than their winter baseline. These average out to 9 above winter velocities when relying on temporally lower resolved velocity estimates from TerraSAR-X intensity offset tracking. From our GPS time series we also found short term ice acceleration after the melt season. By utilizing optical satellite imagery and interferometrically derived digital elevation models we were able to link the post melt season speed-up to a rapid lake drainage event (<24 h) with an estimated drainage volume of 28x10⁶ m³. We further highlight that GPS measurements are needed to resolve short term velocity fluctuations with low amplitudes, whereas remote sensing estimates are rather useful for the calculation of general trends in velocity behavior

Seasonal variations of essential oils from five accessions of Mentha longifolia (L.) L. with selected chemical profiles

[EN] Essential oil (EO) yield and composition of five accessions ofMentha longifolia(L.) L. (leaves) were determined throughout their vegetative cycle by GC-MS and GC-FID analysis. These accessions were selected based on TLC profiles of dichloromethane extracts from wild individuals. The profile rich in alpha-terpinyl acetate and 8-acetoxy carvotanacetone has not been previously reported. The maximum value of EO yield was obtained in advanced flowering stage. The major composition changes were noted at the beginning of the vegetative cycle, whereas more stability was found during the flowering stage. Thus, significant changes in the major compounds were found in some accessions: piperitone and piperitenone oxides, alpha-terpineol acetate and 8-acetoxy carvotanacetone, which showed a considerable increase (6.0% to 20.1%) during the vegetative growth, the same way that pulegone and piperitenone oxide in other accessions. As biological activities depend on EO composition, the knowledge of its seasonal changes should be emphasized.Llorens Molina, JA.; Vacas, S.; Castell-Zeising, V.; Verdeguer Sancho, MM. (2020). Seasonal variations of essential oils from five accessions of Mentha longifolia (L.) L. with selected chemical profiles. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 32(5):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2020.1773328S110325Chapter 1Introduction. (2015). Handbook of Essential Oils, 18-21. doi:10.1201/b19393-5De Sousa Barros, A., de Morais, S. M., Ferreira, P. A. T., Vieira, Í. G. P., Craveiro, A. A., dos Santos Fontenelle, R. O., … de Sousa, H. A. (2015). Chemical composition and functional properties of essential oils from Mentha species. Industrial Crops and Products, 76, 557-564. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.004Gupta, A. K., Mishra, R., Singh, A. K., Srivastava, A., & Lal, R. K. (2017). Genetic variability and correlations of essential oil yield with agro-economic traits in Mentha species and identification of promising cultivars. Industrial Crops and Products, 95, 726-732. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.041Moshrefi Araghi, A., Nemati, H., Azizi, M., Moshtaghi, N., Shoor, M., & Hadian, J. (2019). Assessment of phytochemical and agro-morphological variability among different wild accessions of Mentha longifolia L. cultivated in field condition. Industrial Crops and Products, 140, 111698. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111698Mathela, C. S., Padalia, R. C., Chanotiya, C. S., & Tiwari, A. (2005). Carvone richMentha longifolia(Linn.): Chemical Variation and Commercial Potential. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 8(2), 130-133. doi:10.1080/0972060x.2005.10643432Schippmann, U., Leaman, D., & Cunningham, A. B. (s. f.). A Comparison of Cultivation and Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Under Sustainability Aspects. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, 75-95. doi:10.1007/1-4020-5449-1_6Németh, E. (2005). CHANGES IN ESSENTIAL OIL QUANTITY AND QUALITY INFLUENCED BY ONTOGENETIC FACTORS. Acta Horticulturae, (675), 159-165. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2005.675.23Pothier, J., Galand, N., El Ouali, M., & Viel, C. (2001). Comparison of planar chromatographic methods (TLC, OPLC, AMD) applied to essential oils of wild thyme and seven chemotypes of thyme. Il Farmaco, 56(5-7), 505-511. doi:10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01085-0Franz, C. M. (2010). Essential oil research: past, present and future. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25(3), 112-113. doi:10.1002/ffj.1983Oil Composition of Other Mentha Species and Hybrids. (2006). Mint, 341-362. doi:10.1201/9780849307980-15Younis, Y. M. H., & Beshir, S. M. (2004). Carvone-Rich Essential Oils fromMentha longifolia(L.) Huds. ssp.schimperiBriq. andMentha spicataL. Grown in Sudan. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16(6), 539-541. doi:10.1080/10412905.2004.9698792Koliopoulos, G., Pitarokili, D., Kioulos, E., Michaelakis, A., & Tzakou, O. (2010). Chemical composition and larvicidal evaluation of Mentha, Salvia, and Melissa essential oils against the West Nile virus mosquito Culex pipiens. Parasitology Research, 107(2), 327-335. doi:10.1007/s00436-010-1865-3Nazem, V., Sabzalian, M. R., Saeidi, G., & Rahimmalek, M. (2019). Essential oil yield and composition and secondary metabolites in self- and open-pollinated populations of mint (Mentha spp.). Industrial Crops and Products, 130, 332-340. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.018Maffei, M. (1988). A chemotype ofMentha longifolia (L.) hudson particularly rich in piperitenone oxide. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 3(1), 23-26. doi:10.1002/ffj.2730030105Segev, D., Nitzan, N., Chaimovitsh, D., Eshel, A., & Dudai, N. (2012). Chemical and Morphological Diversity in Wild Populations of Mentha longifolia in Israel. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 9(3), 577-588. doi:10.1002/cbdv.201100108Hajlaoui, H., Snoussi, M., Ben Jannet, H., Mighri, Z., & Bakhrouf, A. (2008). Comparison of chemical composition and antimicrobial activities ofMentha longifolia L. ssp.longifolia essential oil from two Tunisian localities (Gabes and Sidi Bouzid). Annals of Microbiology, 58(3), 513-520. doi:10.1007/bf03175551Abdel-Hameed, E.-S. S., Salman, M. S., Fadl, M. A., Elkhateeb, A., & Hassan, M. M. (2018). Chemical Composition and Biological Activity ofMentha longifoliaL. Essential Oil Growing in Taif, KSA Extracted by Hydrodistillation, Solvent Free Microwave and Microwave Hydrodistillation. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 21(1), 1-14. doi:10.1080/0972060x.2018.1454343Zouari-Bouassida, K., Trigui, M., Makni, S., Jlaiel, L., & Tounsi, S. (2018). Seasonal Variation in Essential Oils Composition and the Biological and Pharmaceutical Protective Effects of Mentha longifolia Leaves Grown in Tunisia. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1-12. doi:10.1155/2018/7856517Soilhi, Z., Rhimi, A., Heuskin, S., Fauconnier, M. L., & Mekki, M. (2019). Essential oil chemical diversity of Tunisian Mentha spp. collection. Industrial Crops and Products, 131, 330-340. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.041Asghari, B., Zengin, G., Bahadori, M. B., Abbas-Mohammadi, M., & Dinparast, L. (2018). Amylase, glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterases inhibitory, antioxidant effects, and GC-MS analysis of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha) essential oil: A natural remedy. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 22, 44-49. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2018.08.004Ibrahim, S. R. M., Abdallah, H. M., Mohamed, G. A., Farag, M. A., Alshali, K. Z., Alsherif, E. A., & Ross, S. A. (2016). Volatile oil profile of some lamiaceous plants growing in Saudi Arabia and their biological activities. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 72(1-2), 35-41. doi:10.1515/znc-2015-0234Hussain, A. I., Anwar, F., Nigam, P. S., Ashraf, M., & Gilani, A. H. (2010). Seasonal variation in content, chemical composition and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from four Mentha species. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(11), 1827-1836. doi:10.1002/jsfa.4021Baser, K. H. C., Kürkçüoglu, M., Tarimcilar, G., & Kaynak, G. (1999). Essential Oils ofMenthaSpecies from Northern Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11(5), 579-588. doi:10.1080/10412905.1999.9701218Kokkini, S., & Papageorgiou, V. (1988). Constituents of Essential Oils fromMentha longifoliaGrowing Wild in Greece. Planta Medica, 54(01), 59-60. doi:10.1055/s-2006-962338De Frutos, M., Sanz, J., & Martínez-Castro, I. (1988). Simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method in the qualitative and quantitative GC analysis of cheese volatile components. Chromatographia, 25(10), 861-864. doi:10.1007/bf02311418Croteau, R. (1991). Metabolism of Monoterpenes in Mint (Mentha) Species. Planta Medica, 57(S 1), S10-S14. doi:10.1055/s-2006-96022

Variability of essential oil composition of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) affected byplant organ

The essential oil composition of leaves and roots of twenty individuals of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) belonging to different chemotypes has been investigated. They were obtained from two accesions coming from Hungarian and Spanish wild populations. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Results showed a great individual variability of wormwood accesions. Based on leaves, three chemotypes (sabinene + myrcene, -thujone and new sesquiterpene type accounting up to 80.8% of sesquiterpenic fraction) were found in the Hungarian population and two chemotypes ((Z)--epoxyocimene and (Z)--epoxyocimene + (Z)-chrysanthemyl acetate types) were present in the Spanish one. The composition of EO of the roots from both locations was predominated by monoterpenic esters (14.5-80.2% and 59.9-90.3%, in Hungarian and Spanish samples respectively) but characteristic quantitative and qualitative differences were present. No relationship was found between the composition of EO of roots and leaves of the same plant.Llorens Molina, JA.; Vacas González, S.; Castell Zeising, V.; Németh Zámboriné, É. (2016). Variability of essential oil composition of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) affected byplant organ. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 29(1):11-21. doi:10.1080/10412905.2016.1202152S112129

Rice Straw Mulch Installation in a Vineyard Improves Weed Control and Modifies Soil Characteristics

[EN] After harvesting rice paddy fields, rice straw is a significant problem due to uncontrolled CO2 emissions when the straw is burned. One solution to this problem is to use this rice by-product for mulching planting lines of fruit trees or vineyards with the purpose of controlling weeds and improving soil characteristics. A 3-year experiment was conducted at the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain) demonstration vineyard, where rice-straw mulch was installed at three rates in 2021, 24.0, 43.1, and 63.1 t ha¿1, and in 2022, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0 t ha¿1. Weeds were mainly controlled with the highest treatment rate (50.0¿63.1 t ha¿1), as the time of the year for mulch installation is decisive for achieving different weed control rates. On average, mulch decreased soil bulk density (5.4%), and increased the soil organic carbon (24.3%) and water-soluble organic carbon (24.3%) compared to bare soil. Soil temperature changes were observed due to the mulch treatment, with soil temperature lower in bare soil than in mulched soil during the cold season, and higher during the warm season. This effect was highly dependent on the mulch application rate. Soil moisture content was also higher under the mulch treatment, showing a mulch-rate response during the four seasons of the year. The changes in the physical and biological soil properties induced a higher soil respiration rate when mulched soil was compared to bare soil. This study concludes that the use of rice straw as a mulch had positive effects on weed control and soil properties, although three factors concerning mulch management were paramount: rate, the timing of installation, and replacement rate.This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, grant number RTC-2017-6249-2 titled ¿Desarrollo de un nuevo insumo para la agricultura sostenible: mulch de paja de arroz con incorporación de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento de las plantas (PGPB) y mecanización integral de procesos (SMART MULCH)¿.Gómez De Barreda, D.; Bautista, I.; Castell-Zeising, V.; Lidón, A. (2023). Rice Straw Mulch Installation in a Vineyard Improves Weed Control and Modifies Soil Characteristics. Agronomy. 13(12):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13123068112131