PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK MINISO TERHADAP KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA KOTA BANDUNG

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kualitas Produk Miniso terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Konsumen di kalangan mahasiswa Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen yang telah melakukan pembelian produk Miniso di kalangan mahasiswa Kota Bandung. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Kualitas Produk Miniso terhadap Kepuasan & Loyalitas Konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kualitas Produk (X) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen (Y1) dan Loyalitas Konsumen (Y2). Berdasarkan hasil uji t, maka diperoleh nilai t hitung variabel Kualitas Produk terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen sebesar 8.643, sehingga mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan paling besar dibandingkan dengan hasil uji t pada Kualitas Produk terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen sebesar 7.327. Kata Kunci : Miniso, Kualitas Produk, Kepuasan Konsumen, Loyalitas Konsume

ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA PETUGAS REKAM MEDIS DENGAN METODE ABK-KES DI PUSKESMAS CIPTOMULYO MALANG

Sumber Daya Manusia adalah bagian terpenting dan vital dalam sebuah organisasi. Memberikan pelayanan yang bermutu maka dibutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang cukup, karena Puskesmas Ciptomulyo memiliki empat perekam medis dengan latar belakang Pendidikan D3 RMIK sebanyak 2 orang dan SMA sebanyak 2 orang. Tujuan utama penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis dan menghitung jumlah kebutuhan tenaga kerja rekam medis di Puskesmas Ciptomulyo. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan metode analisis kuantitatif (ABK-Kes). Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan observasi, wawancara dan pengukuran pada unit Rekam Medis Puskesmas Ciptomulyo. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai perhitungan dengan metode ABK-Kes diperoleh data kebutuhan perekam medis sebesar 7,8 dan dibulatkan menjadi 8 orang. Karena sudah ada 4 orang sehingga dibutuhkan tenaga rekam medis baru sebanyak 4 orang yang ditugaskan ke dalam masing-masing unit yaitu pendaftaran, filing, assembling dan retensi. Hal ini dikarenakan tenaga yang kurang membuat petugas filing kewalahan dan menimbulkan adanya duplikasi tugas pada petugas filing rekam medis di Puskesmas Ciptomulyo.&nbsp

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Some Studies on the Effect of Annona muricata and Cisplatin on Rats Suffering from Liver Cancer

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Carbone tetrachloride (CCl4) on inducing liver cancer beside the effect of Cisplatin and Annona muricata on the treatment of liver cancer in rats and to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Annona muricata leaf. A total of 56 healthy male-albino rats (3-4 months old), weighing between 180-200 g 9Average body weight) were divided into two main groups. Group (1) contained 14 healthy rats left without any treatment (Negative control), then 42 healthy rats received IP injection with CCl4 at dose of 1 ml/ kg/ twice every week for 8 weeks to develop Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), after the onset of liver cancer, rats were separated into three equal groups (14 in each) as follow: Group (2) included 14 rats suffered from liver cancer and left without any treatment (Positive control). Group (3) involved 14 rats suffered from liver cancer and received IP injection of Cisplatin at dose of 6 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks. Group (4) included 14 rats that had liver and received Annona muricata orally at dose of 300 mg/kg every day for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment blood samples were taken from all rats in all groups to preserve the serum for estimation of serum liver enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). Liver tissue was collected for gene expression determination of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 levels, and Immunohistochemistry studies carried out to measure Silver-stained Nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In the current work, it has been found that; rats with HCC showed significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, Nrf2, BCL2, TGF-β, NFκB, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 levels in comparison with negative control rats. Rats with HCC treated with Cisplatin displayed non-significant decrease in serum AST, ALT, ALP and Nrf2 beside significant decrease in BCL2, TGF-β, NFκB, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in comparison with positive control rats. Rats with HCC treated with Annona muricata displayed significant decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, Nrf2, BCL2, TGF-β, NFκB, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in comparison with positive control rats. Photomicrograph of peroxidase stained rat liver of negative control group showing negative expression for AgNORs beside negative expression for α-SMA. Photomicrograph of peroxidase stained liver of rats with HCC showed positive severe expression for AgNORs beside moderate to severe positive expression for α-SMA. Photomicrograph of peroxidase stained liver of rats with HCC treated with Cisplatin showed positive mild to moderate expression neither for AgNORs beside mild to moderate positive expression for α-SMA. Photomicrograph of peroxidase stained liver of rats with HCC treated with Annona muricata showed positive mild expression for AgNORs beside negative to mild positive expression for α-SMA. In conclusion, the present study indicates that Annona muricata gives significant improvements in treatment of Albino rats with liver cancer, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects beside improvements of hepatorenal cellular carcinoma

أسطورة الخلق في شرق أفريقيا / The Myth of Creation in East Africa

[The Myth of Creation in its East African formulation is the central chapter in a book entitled, The Sacred Meadows, by an Egyptian anthropologist who did his field work in the early seventies among the Lamu community in Kenya on the shores of the Indian Ocean. The translator, in her own introduction to the translation, presents the outline of the book and provides the geographical and cultural context of the community in question. The author, in this translated chapter, sets out by exposing his theoretical position which combines both Structuralism and Functionalism. Insights from Claude Lévi-Strauss and Bronislaw Malinowski as well as those of Paul Ricoeur and Victor Turner join to develop the author\u27s notion of myth and its symbolic mode. Then the text of the myth, in its Lamuan formulation, is narrated, followed by a close reading and analysis of its binary oppositions, mediating terms, and the underlying existential contradiction at its crux. Angels, jinn, light, fire, earth, wind, water, Adam, Eve, Cain, Abel, Satan, serpent, etc. are the agents of this sacred narrative and cosmic drama. The textual unfolding of the myth is followed by an analysis, which makes use of the structural method and explores the semantic connotations of Swahili words and idioms to explain the logic of the symbolic exchange and the rigor of thought. The themes of unity and multiplicity and their different combinations are delineated in this analysis and the repetitions and their relation to transcendence are explained.

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Terong Ungu (Solanum melongena L.) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228: Antibacterial Activity Test of Purple Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.) Ethyl Acetate Extract Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis ATCC 12228 Bacteria

Staphylococcus epidermidis is the bacterium that most often causes infections in hospitals (Health care Associated Infections) and frequently found to be resistant to antibiotics, making them hard to treat. Purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the natural ingredients widely used as a food ingredient in the community with its antibacterial effect is known. This study aimed to determine the activity of purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract as an antibacterial for Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. This research is an experimental study using the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the spread plate method to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract against S. epidermidis ATCC 12228. The extract concentrations used were 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, negative control, 10% DMSO control, and media control. The results showed that the MIC and MBC value of purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract against S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 were 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL, respectively. Increasing percentage of inhibition in line with the concentration used. Purple eggplant ethyl acetate extract has the potential as an antibacterial for S. Epidermidis ATCC 12228. Keywords: Purple Eggplant, MBC, MIC, Staphylococcus epidermidis Abstrak Staphylococcus epidermidis merupakan bakteri yang paling sering menyebabkan infeksi di rumah sakit (Health care Associated Infections) dan sering ditemukan resisten terhadap antibiotik sehingga sulit untuk diterapi. Salah satu bahan alam yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan oleh masyarakat dan diketahui memiliki efek antibakteri adalah terong ungu (Solanum melongena L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi untuk menentukan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan metode spread plate untuk menentukan konsentrasi bunuh minimum (KBM) dari ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu terhadap S. epidermidis ATCC 12228. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan adalah 5mg/mL, 10mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 40mg/mL, kontrol negatif, kontrol DMSO 10%, serta kontrol media. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai KHM ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu terhadap S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 sebesar 10mg/mL dan nilai KBM sebesar 20mg/mL. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu, semakin besar persentase penghambatannya. Ekstrak etil asetat terong ungu mempunyai potensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap S. Epidermidis ATCC 12228. Kata Kunci: Terong Ungu, KBM, KHM, Staphylococcus epidermidi

Comparative cytotoxic and anticancer effect of Taxol derived from Aspergillus terreus and Taxus brevifolia

Taxol is a highly oxygenated diterpenoid of broad spectrum anticancer activity, due it unique specificity for binding with tubulin beta-subunits heterodimer of tumor cells, disrupting their mitotic division. Taxol has been commercially produced from Taxus brevifolia, however, its lower yield, accessibility and pricey are the current challenges for this technology, thus, exploring of fungi as alternative source of Taxol could opened new platforms for production of this drug. From our previous studies, Taxol has been produced by A. terreus with the same chemical structural identity with that from T. brevifolia. Thus, the objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of Aspergillus terreus Taxol (AT-Taxol) and commercial Taxus brevifolia Taxol (TB-Taxol) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in female Swiss albino mice via intraperitoneal injection. Taxol from both sources had the same cytotoxic biochemical patterns, as well as anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Positive control mice showed an increasing on the serum nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) level accompanied by a decline in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in addition to MMP9 upregulation and caspase-3 down regulation. Histopathologically, liver and kidney tissues showed some pathological features due to the oxidative stress induced by EAC. AT-Taxol and TB-Taxol gave the same potent antioxidant and anticancer properties by augmenting the antioxidant defense system through induction of apoptosis and protecting both liver and kidney against oxidative stress induced by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

Conjugation of Aspergillus flavipes Taxol with Porphyrin Increases the Anticancer Activity of Taxol and Ameliorates Its Cytotoxic Effects

Taxol is one of the potential anticancer drugs; however, the yield of Taxol and its cytotoxicity are common challenges. Thus, manipulating the Taxol biosynthetic pathway from endophytic fungi, in addition to chemical modification with biocompatible polymers, is the challenge. Four fungal isolates, namely, Aspergillus flavipes, A. terreus, A. flavus, and A. parasiticus, were selected from our previous study as potential Taxol producers, and their potency for Taxol production was evaluated in response to fluconazole and silver nitrate. A higher Taxol yield was reported in the cultures of A. flavipes (185 mu g/L) and A. terreus (66 mu g/L). With addition of fluconazole, the yield of Taxol was increased 1.8 and 1.2-fold for A. flavipes and A. terreus, respectively, confirming the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis and redirecting the geranyl phosphate pool to terpenoids synthesis. A significant inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis by A. flavipes with addition of fluconazole was observed, correlating with the increase on Taxol yield. To increase the Taxol solubility and to reduce its cytotoxicity, Taxol was modified via chemical conjugation with porphyrin, and the degree of conjugation was checked from the Thin layer chromatography and UV spectral analysis. The antiproliferative activity of native and modified Taxol conjugates was evaluated; upon porphyrin conjugation, the activity of Taxol towards HepG2 was increased 1.5-fold, while its cytotoxicity to VERO cells was reduced 3-fold

Oral supplementation of policosanol alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis is a prevalent liver disease that requires rapid and effective treatment prior to its progression to cirrhosis and liver damage. Recently, several reports have investigated the efficacy of phytotherapy using natural herbal extracts rather than synthetic drugs to treat several liver diseases. Policosanol is a herbal extract used to treat patients with cardiovascular. However, its therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis is still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the potential antifibrotic effect of policosanol compared to silymarin and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Rats were categorized into four groups; negative control group NCG, the fibrotic group FG, silymarin treated group STG, and policosanol treated group PTG. Serum liver enzymes, oxidative stress markers, angiogenic growth factors, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured biochemically. The relative mRNA expressions of liver caspase-3 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were assessed. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out using anti-alpha-SMA, and anti-caspase-3 antibodies. Compared to NCG, the FG group demonstrated a significant decrease in the level of serum liver enzymes GSH, TAC, and SDF. Nevertheless, it demonstrateda significant increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines Il6, TNF; oxidative stress markers NO, MDA, and angiogenic growth factors VEGF and PDGF and the expression of alpha-SMA, and Caspase-3. Interestingly, the values of these measurements were restored to normal levels in the treated groups, particularly the PTG. In conclusion, our data revealed the beneficial effects of co administration of policosanol or silymarin on the fibrotic liver rat model and thus could be a promising natural therapeutic drug