Mukandi Lal, Garhwal painting.

Zebrowski Mark. Mukandi Lal, Garhwal painting.. In: Arts asiatiques, tome 23, 1971. p. 175

Mukandi Lal, Garhwal painting.

Zebrowski Mark. Mukandi Lal, Garhwal painting.. In: Arts asiatiques, tome 23, 1971. p. 175

The Effects of Hypoxia on Threshold Food Concentrations in Different Daphnia Species

Numerous studies have revealed a negative correlation between the body size and temperature among a variety of aquatic ectotherms. Many studies at individual and population levels indicated that this mechanism may be explained by the decrease of competitive abilities of larger- over smaller-bodied individuals, as the production of larger-bodied individuals is more limited due to greater susceptibility to decreased oxygen concentrations (i.e., environmental hypoxia) at elevated temperatures. However, this hypothesis is still not tested at the community level. To test this, we performed several experiments on the food thresholds (which is a proxy for competitive ability) of 6 zooplankton (Daphnia) species varying in body size, at high or low oxygen concentrations. Contrary to the hypothesis tested, hypoxia increased threshold food concentrations to a relatively greater extent in smaller species than in larger ones. This may be attributed to the better evolutionary adaptations of larger-bodied daphnids to oxygen-poor environments manifested in higher production of haemoglobin. The results obtained in this study cannot exclude the possibility that environmental hypoxia is responsible for the temperature-size pattern in aquatic ectotherms, as our experiments did not take into account the long-term energetic costs of expedited haemoglobin synthesis, which could shift size-dependent competitive power

The Effects of Hypoxia on Threshold Food Concentrations in Different <i>Daphnia</i> Species

Numerous studies have revealed a negative correlation between the body size and temperature among a variety of aquatic ectotherms. Many studies at individual and population levels indicated that this mechanism may be explained by the decrease of competitive abilities of larger- over smaller-bodied individuals, as the production of larger-bodied individuals is more limited due to greater susceptibility to decreased oxygen concentrations (i.e., environmental hypoxia) at elevated temperatures. However, this hypothesis is still not tested at the community level. To test this, we performed several experiments on the food thresholds (which is a proxy for competitive ability) of 6 zooplankton (Daphnia) species varying in body size, at high or low oxygen concentrations. Contrary to the hypothesis tested, hypoxia increased threshold food concentrations to a relatively greater extent in smaller species than in larger ones. This may be attributed to the better evolutionary adaptations of larger-bodied daphnids to oxygen-poor environments manifested in higher production of haemoglobin. The results obtained in this study cannot exclude the possibility that environmental hypoxia is responsible for the temperature-size pattern in aquatic ectotherms, as our experiments did not take into account the long-term energetic costs of expedited haemoglobin synthesis, which could shift size-dependent competitive power

During HCV DAA Therapy Plasma Mip1B, IP10, and miRNA Profile Are Distinctly Associated with Subsequent Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy lowers risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Little is known about factors driving/preceding HCC in treated persons. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate host response and pathogenesis of disease. We investigated plasma levels of these RNAs and select serum markers before, during, and after HCV therapy, preceding HCC. Methods: Of 187 DAA treated HCV patients where therapy oriented longitudinal sampling was performed at a time without HCC diagnosis, 9 were subsequently diagnosed with HCC within 2 years of therapy. They were matched with 7 patients not diagnosed with HCC over the same time period. RNASeq was performed on plasma, and serum was assessed for biomarkers of inflammation by ELISA. Results: HCC diagnosis was 19 months (6&ndash;28) after therapy start in the HCC group. 73 and 63 miRs were differentially expressed at baseline (before DAA therapy) and 12 weeks after DAA therapy comparing HCC and non-HCC groups. Several lncRNA- showed differential expression as well. Several miRNA suppressors of cancer-related pathways, lncRNA- and mRNA-derived stabilized short RNAs were consistently absent in the plasma of patients who developed HCC. Serum IP10, and MCP-1 level was higher in the HCC group 12 weeks after therapy, and distinct miRNAs correlated with IP10 and MCP-1. Finally, in a focused analysis of 8 miRNAs best associated with HCC we observed expression of mi576 and mi-5189 correlation with expression of a select group of PBMC mRNA. Conclusions: These results are consistent with complex interplay between RNA-mediated host immune regulation and cancer suppression, strikingly skewed 12 weeks following therapy, prior to HCC diagnosis