Decision Trees And Quality Control Decisions

Bayesian decision tree analysis has been widely used as a basis for quality control decision making.  Recently, the traditional decision tree analysis has been criticized for requiring a lot of calculations and, therefore, being inefficient.  This paper presents a simplified and efficient decision tree analysis for quality control decision making that improves the efficiency of the traditional decision analysis by reducing substantially the number of calculations required to solve decision problems.  For some decision problems, the proposed analysis reduces the number of calculations required to solve decision problems by more than 75%.  Some researchers provided modified decision trees (Game trees and Scenario trees) that attempt to preserve the advantages of the traditional trees while improving their efficiency.  However, these other modified decision trees may not be as efficient as the traditional analysis because they do not allow for the use of the coalescence procedure in the case of symmetrical decision problems

Comment spécifier une efficace intégration des immigrants en Espagne?

The integration of migrants is a pending task for Spain, as reflected in the results of the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) indicators. Spanish public policies on integration are close to European and international standards, with an average score of 60 points, but a closer look at the results shows that the score is uneven across different areas.In this article, we look closely at Spain’s public policies on integration and the difficulties encountered in achieving integration. We focus mainly on the normative integration corpus and Spain’s non-normative initiatives. We place particular emphasis on measuring integration indicators policies and their importance in the EU, as well as on measuring some areas of intervention for the integration of migrants according to the MIPEX barometer.La integración de las personas migrantes es una tarea pendiente de España tal y como lo reflejan los resultados de los indicadores de Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). Las políticas públicas españolas en materia de integración se aproximan a los estándares europeos e internacionales con una media de 60 puntos, pero al tener un acercamiento a los resultados se refleja que la puntuación es desigual entre las distintas áreas.En este artículo hacemos una aproximación a las políticas públicas de integración de España y las dificultades que se presentan para concretar dicha integración. Nos centramos principalmente en el corpus normativo sobre la integración, igualmente en las iniciativas no normativas de España. Hacemos espacial hincapié en los indicadores de medición de las políticas de integración y su importancia en la UE, así como en la medición de algunas áreas de intervención sobre la materia de integración de las personas migrantes según el barómetro MIPEX.L’intégration des migrants est une tâche pas encore conclue pour l’Espagne, comme en témoignent les résultats des indicateurs MIPEX. Les politiques publiques espagnoles d’intégration sont proches aux standards européens et internationaux avec une moyenne de 60 points, mais l’approche des résultats montre que le score est inégal entre les différents domaines.Dans cet article, nous faisons une approximation aux politiques publiques d’intégration de l’Espagne et aussi aux difficultés qui se posent pour une efficace intégration. Nous nous concentrons principalement sur le corpus normatif , ainsi que sur les initiatives non réglementaires sur l’intégration en Espagne. Nous mettons un accent particulierement sur les indicateurs de mesure des politiques d’intégration et leur importance dans l’UE, ainsi que sur la mesure de certains domaines d’intervention en matière d’intégration des migrants selon le baromètre MIPEX

Electron and hole impact ionization coefficients in GaAs/Al0.45Ga0.55As/Al0.3Ga0.7As coupled well systems

We have measured electron and hole multiplication factors and impact ionization coefficients in 550 Å GaAs/500 Å Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum wells with an intermediate Al0.45Ga0.55As barrier (50 and 100 Å) inserted in the well region. It is seen that while the measured value of α(E) is insensitive to the position of the intermediate barrier in the well, the value of β(E) is very sensitive. The value of α/β varies from less than unity to 5, depending on the position of this barrier. These results suggest that hole confinement and scattering play a major role in making the value of α/β greater than unity in these multilayered structures.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70978/2/APPLAB-58-24-2791-1.pd

The non-university educational cooperation between Spain and Morocco

La cooperación educativa no universitaria ocupa un lugar importante en la agenda bilateral hispanomarroquí como lo refleja su tratamiento en las once Reuniones de Alto Nivel celebradas entre España y Marruecos así como por los convenios y tratados firmados entre ambas partes. Esta cooperación se concreta en el Programa de Enseñanza de la Lengua Árabe y la Cultura Marroquí (LACM) en los colegios españoles y en la enseñanza del español en Marruecos, tanto en el marco del sistema educativo nacional marroquí como en la red de centros educativos españoles en Marruecos. En este trabajo pretendemos realizar una radiografía de esta cooperación haciendo un balance de los diferentes programas y propuestas recogidas en las Reuniones de Alto Nivel.Non-university education cooperation programs occupy an important place in the Spanish-Moroccan bilateral agenda, as reflected in the treatment of the eleven High-Level Meetings held between Spain and Morocco, as well as in the agreements and treaties signed between both parties. This cooperation takes place in the frame of the Teaching Program of the Arabic Language and Moroccan Culture (ALMC) in Spanish schools and in the teaching of Spanish in Morocco, both within the framework of the Moroccan National Educational System and in the network of Spanish Educational Centres in Morocco. In this paper, we intend to make a diagnostics of this cooperation, taking into account the different programs and proposals collected in the High Level Meetings between Morocco and Spain

A Rare Presentation of Polyarteritis Nodosa

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare form of necrotizing medium-vessel vasculitis. PAN has the potential for widespread organ involvement, but the skin, renal, neurologic, and musculoskeletal systems are most commonly involved. A definitive diagnosis can be made with a biopsy of an easily accessible organ such as the skin or an involved nerve or muscle. We present a case of a 66-year-old female with no significant past medical history who presented with chest and epigastric pain. She was subsequently found to have computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings consistent with PAN, including areas of arterial narrowing alternating with areas of aneurysmal dilation confined to the mesenteric arteries. A biopsy of the involved arteries was deemed unsafe and ultimately not performed. Her lab findings were remarkable for elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and unremarkable for a broad infectious disease workup. Suspicion of PAN was further strengthened by a positive response to, and eventual full recovery on, high-dose steroids alone

Performance characteristics of InGaAs/GaAs and GaAs/InGaAlAs coherently strained superlattice photodiodes

The properties of In0.24Ga0.76As/GaAs and GaAs/In0.05Ga0.58Al0.37As superlattice photodiodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated. From the temporal response characteristics, deconvolved rise times ∼60–100 ps are obtained. The measured responsivities of the photodiodes with dark currents of 5–10 nA at 10 V are ∼0.4 A/W, which correspond to peak external quantum efficiencies of ∼60%. These results indicate that very high performance photodiodes can be realized with strained layers.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70619/2/APPLAB-51-15-1164-1.pd

Synergistic effect of co-exposure to carbon black and Fe2O3 nanoparticles on oxidative stress in cultured lung epithelial cells

BACKGROUND: There is a need to better understand synergism in the biological effects of particles composed of multiple substances. The objective of this study was to determine if the oxidative stress in cultured cells caused by co-exposure to carbon black and Fe(2)O(3 )nanoparticles was significantly greater than the additive effects of exposure to either type of particles alone; and to determine a possible cause for such synergistic effect if one was found. Cultured A549 human lung epithelial cells were exposed to (1) carbon black nanoparticles alone, (2) Fe(2)O(3 )nanoparticles alone, and (3) both types of particles simultaneously. Protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and cellular uptake of Fe in these cells were measured after 25 hours of exposure. The reduction of solubilized Fe(3+ )by the carbon black nanoparticles was measured separately in a cell-free assay, by incubating the carbon black and the Fe(2)O(3 )nanoparticles in 0.75 M sulfuric acid at 40°C and measuring the amount of reduced Fe(3+ )at different time points up to 24 hours. RESULTS: Cells exposed to carbon black particles alone did not show protein oxidation, nor did the cells exposed to Fe(2)O(3 )particles alone, relative to the control. However, cells co-exposed to both carbon black and Fe(2)O(3 )particles showed up to a two-fold increase in protein oxidation relative to the control. In addition, co-exposure induced significant lipid peroxidation, although exposure to either particle type alone did not. No significant difference in cellular iron uptake was found between single exposure and co-exposure, when the Fe(2)O(3 )dosing concentration was the same in each case. In the cell-free assay, significant reduction of Fe(3+ )ions by carbon black nanoparticle was found within 2 hour, and it progressed up to 24 hours. At 24 hours, the carbon black nanoparticles showed a reductive capacity of 0.009 g/g, defined as the mass ratio of reduced Fe(3+ )to carbon black. CONCLUSION: Co-exposure to carbon black and Fe(2)O(3 )particles causes a synergistic oxidative effect that is significantly greater than the additive effects of exposures to either particle type alone. The intracellular redox reaction between carbon black and Fe(3+ )is likely responsible for the synergistic oxidative effect. Therefore elemental carbon particles and fibres should be considered as potential reducing agents rather than inert materials in toxicology studies. Acidified cell organelles such as the lysosomes probably play a critical role in the solubilization of Fe(2)O(3). Further research is necessary to better understand the mechanisms

One-year stability of glucose dehydrogenase confined in a 3D carbon nanotube electrode with coated poly-methylene green: Application as bioanode for a glucose biofuel cell

International audienceWe report a new approach to fabricate an efficient 3D glucose bioanode based on the co-immobilization of the enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), its cofactor NADP, and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with poly (methylene green) (PMG). The MWCNT-PMG composite was obtained by chemical polymerization of methylene green (MG) monomer on the MWCNT surfaces. Structural and chemical analyses clearly showed successful coating of the MWCNTs with PMG that markedly affected their morphological and surface charge properties. Electrochemical investigation of PMG-MWCNTs mixed with GDH and NADP showed high stability with extended bioanode electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation for more than one year