The effect of fertilization and liming on some grain quality properties of wheat

The present research was carried out to investigate fertilizer and lime effect on some grain quality properties of wheat cultivars (thousand grain weight and hectoliter weight). The experiment was set up at the experimental field of the Small Grains Research Centre Kragujevac over 2003/2004-2004/2005 seasons. The soil was smonitza (vertisol) with very high natural acidity. The trial consisted of a completely randomized block experimental design with three replications, the size of each plot being 14 m-2. The research included six winter wheat varieties (Takovčanka, Studenica, KG-100, Matica, Ana Morava and Toplica) created in Small Grains Research Centre of Kragujevac. The following variants of fertilization were applied: Control -T1 (no fertilization), mineral fertilizer-T2 (500 kg ha-1 NPK – 15:15:15), nitrogen fertilizer + lime fertilizer-T3 (75 kg N ha-1 in form of KAN + 2.0 t ha-1 CaCO3 in form of "Njival Ca" - 98.5% CaCO3), mineral fertilizer + lime fertilizer–T4 (500 kg ha-1 NPK + 2.0 t ha-1 CaCO3), and mineral fertilizer + lime fertilizer + organic fertilizer –T5 (500 kg ha-1 NPK + 2.0 t ha-1 CaCO3 + 35.0 t ha-1 manure). The results showed significant influence of all kinds of fertilizers on the physical grain quality properties of wheat (thousand grain weight and hectoliter weight). The best results for both these components have been achieved with the combination of fertilizers (500 kg ha-1 NPK + 2.0 t ha-1 CaCO3 + 35.0 t ha-1 of manure). High values for thousand grain weight and hectoliter weight were also recorded in the application of NPK fertilizers only. The lowest value for this properties are achieved in the control treatment (no fertilizer), and then on the combined fertilizers (N + CaCO3)

Effect of genotype and environment on wheat quality

Five winter wheat cultivars created in Small Grains Research Centre of Kragujevac (Ana Morava, Toplica, Vizija, Takovčanka and Lazarica) were grown at the macro field trial in three locations (Kragujevac, Sombor and Bačka Topola) during three years (2004-2006). Influence of genetic and agro-ecological conditions of locations on wheat quality components (sedimentation value and wet gluten content) was investigated. The analysis of variance suggested there were highly significant differences among genotypes (G), investigated years (Y) and locations (L) for sedimentation value and wet gluten content. Apart from individual influence of the factors, their interactions (G x Y, G x L, Y x L, G x Y x L) were also high significant for both investigated traits. In average the highest sedimentation value (40.6 ml) and wet gluten content (31.85 %) established at Backa Topola locality. The highest value of all investigated cultivars and localities established at cultivar Vizija (45.3 ml) in Bačka Topola, while the lowest at Lazarica (31.7 ml) in Sombor. The highest wet gluten content was measured at Bačka Topola locality by cultivar Toplica (38.53 %). In this investigation Bačka Topola locality was favourable for both investigated quality traits

Seed dry matter accumulation of wheat in different maturity stage

Dinamics of gathering of seed dry matter in divergent wheat cultivars in dependence of seed degree maturity were investigated. There were included 10 winter wheat cultivars (KG-56, Srbijanka, Lepenica, Ljubičevka, Oplenka, Jugoslavija, Nizija, Slavonija, Zagrepčanka and Baranjka). Investigated cultivars differentiated according to length of vegetative period. The investigation was carried out in microtrial on experimental field of Small Grains Research Centre, Kragujevac, on smonitza soil during two years. Spikes of these cultivars were sampled at four grain maturity stages (milk, early dough, full dough, and full physiological). The standard laboratory methods were used for determination seed dry matter content, seed water content and thousand-grain weight. The results presented in this work indicated that the degree of seed maturity influenced significantly on its dry matter content, water content and thousand-grain weight. In the course of seed maturity, the water concentration decreased and the dry matter content increased, because of accumulation of organic and inorganic matter in seed. This increasing is registered to full physiological maturity. The highest seed dry matter had Lepenica cultivar at full physiological phase and second growing season (91.94%), and the lowest Oplenka at milky stage and first season (27.40%). Thousand-grain weight was increased from milky to full dough stage, and then decreased in full physiological maturity. The highest value of this trait was found at full dough maturity in Oplenka cultivar (51.95g) and the lowest in milky stage at Baranjka cultivar (15.65g)

Effect of environment and genotype on rheological properties of flour and dough of winter wheat

Five winter wheat cultivars created in Small Grains Research Centre of Kragujevac (Ana Morava, Toplica, Vizija, Takovčanka and Lazarica) were grown at the macro field trial in three locations (Kragujevac, Sombor and Bačka Topola) during three years (2004-2006). Influence of environment (location and growing season) and genotype on rheological properties of flour and dough (water absorption, dough development time, dough stability time, dough weakness, and mixing tolerance index) were investigated. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among investigated cultivars (G), years (Y) and among their interactions (G x Y, G x L, Y x L, G x Y x L) for water absorption of flour. The strongest individual influence for water absorption had location (F=56.032**) and G x Y x L interaction (F=55.712**), and then year (F=45.069**). Farinograph properties have shown that wheat flour on average belonged to A2 and B1 quality group, what means that investigated cultivars had high technological quality.[http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/id/eprint/76074

The inheritance of plant height in winter wheat -Triticum aestivum L.-

Four winter wheat varieties (Srbijanka, Partizanka, KG-56 and PKB-111) have been selected for diallel crossing in other to study the mode of inheritance, gene effect and genetic variance components for the plant height in F2 generation. Sixty plants of parents and F2 generation were used for analysis. The mode of inheritance was done on the basis of the significance of components of genetic variance and the regression analysis. The inheritance of plant height in the most crossing combinations was superdominance. The combining ability analysis was found to be highly significant, which means both additive and non-additive type of gene actions. The best general combining ability manifested KG-56 variety, and the best specific combining ability have shown hybrids KG-56 x PKB-111, Srbijanka x PKB-111 and Partizanka x KG-56. The genetic variance components, average degree of dominance and regression line indicated superdominance in the inheritance of plant height. The dominant alleles frequency was higher than recessive alleles frequency, which confirmed the ratio of dominant/recessive alleles

Wheat colonization by determinate bacteria

The ability to colonize wheat by determinate strain in soil, in competition with the total soil microflora, was investigated with three mutants of strain pseudomonads which contains the nptII gene, which codes for an aminoglycosidephosphotransferase, this enzyme confers antibiotic resistance to both neomycin and kanamycin. Number of bacteria was obtained from bulk soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane, using phase contrast microscopy. Mutants were detected using selective agar for pseudomonas supplied with neomycin and genomic fingerprinting of bacteria used molecular genetic method ERIC-PCR. On the rhizoplane, number of all three mutants where similar at about 104 per 3cm root, but the total heterotroph population varied so that the proportion of mutants appeared to vary from 6.3% for PCM40074 to 20% for PCM40313, to 84% for PCM40326. This could be due occasion but by observation of 24 colonies of heterotrophs isolated on TSA, 10 were positively identified as PCM40326 using ERIC-PCR and antibiotic- resistance phenotype on selective agar and indicates that it may be more competitive than the other two mutants

Uticaj lokaliteta i sorte na prinos zrna ekološki uzgajane heljde (Fagopyrum esculentum)

U radu su prikazani rezultati za prinos zrna sorti heljde gajene na području dva lokaliteta (Pašića Polje i Laholo) u opštini Bijelo Polje, Crna Gora. Istraživanje je izvedeno u mikroogledima, koji su urađeni po slučajnom blok sistemu u četiri ponavljanja tokom 2010. godine. Heljda je gajena po principima ekološke proizvodnje. U ogledu je bilo zastupljeno 11 sorti (Novosadska, Heljda 2, Bamby, Češka, Darja, Prekmurska, Čebelica, Francuska, Heljda1, Spacinska i Godijevo). Kao standardna sorta korišćen je tip Godijevo. Ustanovljene su statistički značajne razlike u prinosu izmedju ispitivanih sorti i lokaliteta. Na lokalitetu „Pašića Polje“ prosječan prinos zrna iznosio je 511,86 kg  ili ha-1 za 54,14 kg manje od standarda-tipa Godijevo. Na ovom oglednom polju najviši prinos ostvarila je sorta Heljda 2  (619,25 kg haֿ¹), sa 53,25 kg više u odnosu na standardnu sortu Godijevo  (566,00 kg ha-1). Najniži prinos  ostvarila je sorta Heljda 1  (308,75 kg ha-1) sa 257,25 kg manje od standardne sorte. Na ovom oglednom polju („Pašića Polje“) ostvareni su znatno niži prinosi zrna u poređenju sa oglednim poljem „Laholo“. Na lokalitetu „Laholo“ prosječan prinos zrna izosio je 784,70 kg ha-1 ili za 134,30 kg manje od standarda-tipa Godijevo. Na ovom oglednom polju najviši prinos ostvarila je sorta Francuska (964,75 kg ha-1) sa 45,75 kg više u odnosu na standardnu sortu Godijevo (919,00 kg ha-1). Najniži prinos  ostvarila je sorta Heljda 1  (455,25 kg ha-1), što je čak za 463,75 kg manje od standardne sorte. Na ovom oglednom polju („Laholo“) ostvareni su znatno veći prinosi u poređenju sa oglednim poljem „Pašića Polje“.  Ustanovljena je značajna razlika u prinosu zrna izmedju ispitivanih lokaliteta. Najveća razlika utvrđena je kod sorti Francuska, Prekmurska i Godijevo, a najmanja kod sorte Heljda 1

The variation of yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to stressful growing conditions of alkaline soil

The paper presents the results of experiments with 11 varieties of wheat grown in alkaline soil stressful conditions. The experiment was set up at the site in the Banat, on the non-ameliorated solonetz soil, as control variante, and with ameliorative measures using phosphogypsum. The phenotypic variability and genotype by environment interaction for the grain number and weight per spike, using AMMI model in three vegetation seasons were studied. The analysis of the results revealed that the tested varieties responded differently to external, stressful conditions and ameliorative measures. Based on the AMMI analysis results the significance of PCA axis was observed