Antimicrobial activity of Thyme (Tymus vulgaris) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils against some food-borne microorganisms

The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial effects of oregano and thyme essential oils (EOs) on some food-borne bacteria. GC-MS analysis of EOs was performed in order to determine their composition and phenols were predominant constituents. The investigation of the antibacterial effects of EOs was performed on Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Thyphimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, and MICs were determined by broth microdilution method. EOs exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms

Digitalne preduzetničke kompetencije studenata

U radu je predstavljena analiza modela koji ima za cilj da utvrdi jaz između neophodnih digitalnih preduzetničkih kompetencija i kompetencija koje studenti stiču tokom univerzitetskog obrazovanja. Osim teorijskog okvira utvrđivanja jaza, u radu smo se osvrnuli na studiju slučaja studenata u Srbiji i Kuvajtu

Poređenje morfometrijskih i histoloških osobina m. semitendinosus-a kod nazimica i kastrata na završetku tova

The aim of this paper was to investigate the differences in morphometric characteristics and histological structure of m. semitendinosus, between gilts and barrows of German Landrace breed at the end of the fattening period. Morphometric characteristics (weight, length, diameter and cross sectional area) of m. semitendinosus were not significantly different, while gender as a factor influenced the histological properties of this muscle. A very high statistical difference (p lt 0.01) in the total number of muscle fibers in m. semitendinosus was determined, with gilts having a higher total fiber number. The cross sectional area of fast twitch oxidative (FTO) fibers was significantly higher (p lt 0.05) in barrows. Gender did not affect the distribution of different fiber types: in both gender, the most present fiber types (48-52 %) were fast twitch glycolitic (FTG), FTO fibers represented 27-30 % of the total fiber number, while slow twitch oxidative fibers (STO) were the least represented (≈ 20 %).Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita postojanje razlika u morfometrijskim osobinama i strukturi m.semitendinosus, između ženki i kastriranih mužjaka svinja Nemačkog landrasa, na kraju tova. Morfometrijske osobine (masa, dužina, obim i površina poprečnog preseka) m. semitendinosus, nisu bile statistički značajno različite između polova. Histološka analiza strukture mišića je pokazala da postoje neke razlike između polova. Ukupan broj mišićnih vlakana u m. semitendinosus bio je veoma značajno (p lt 0.01) veći kod ženki nego kod kastriranih mužjaka. Površina poprečnog preseka FTO vlakana bila statistički značajno veća (p lt 0.05) kod kastriranih mužjaka nego kod ženki. Procentualni udeo (zastupljenoost) tipova mišićnih vlakana u m.semitendinosus, se nije značajno razlikovao između polova. Kod oba pola najveći udeo (oko polovinu od svih tipova vlakana) su imala bela brzo kontrahujuća glikolitička (FTG) vlakana (48-52 %). Od crvenih, oksidativnih vlakana najmanji udeo (20.23-20.68 %) su imala sporo kontrahujuća (STO) vlakna dok su brzo kontrahujuća (FTO) vlakna bila zastupljena u većem procentu (27-30 %)

Inhibitory effect of thyme and some essential oil components on Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Give

Salmonella is a pathogen of public concern causing health and economic problems worldwide. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are the serotypes most commonly recognized as causes of human salmonellosis, which is why research is mainly dedicated to prevention or inhibition of these frequently reported serotypes, while less attention is dedicated to the uncommon Salmonella serotypes. Outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by rarer subspecies of Salmonella are increasing, which is why their control is needed. Essential oils derived from plants have gained attention mainly due to their antibacterial properties and potential to be used as a replacement for synthetic additives in the food industry. To the best of our knowledge, there are no literature data about the effect of essential oils on Salmonella Give. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thyme and oregano essential oils and thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Give. Results showed that there were no differences between the susceptibility of the examined Salmonella serovars to these essential oils and active compounds. Oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol exhibited greater antibacterial activity, followed by cinnamaldehyde, while the Salmonella serovars examined were most resistant to the effect of eugenol

A. facialis kod tekunice (Citellus citellus)

A ground squirrel is a hibernator, which hibernation lasts, depending on the age and sex, since the end of the summer until the spring. During this period in the body of ground squirrel, as well as in other hibernators, starts lowering of all vital functions, what has been proven by numerous physiological, biochemical and histological examinations of some organ systems of this animal. The objective of our work was to investigate a part of cardiovascular system of ground squirrel so in that way to contribute to a better knowledge of this animal body structure and accordingly to comparative anatomy in general. The investigation included 6 ground squirrels, of both gender, body weight 200-300 grams. For obtaining head and neck arterial vascularization, after exsanguination of the animal, contrast mass of gelatin coloured with tempera was injected into thoracic aorta (Aorta thoracica). After injecting, the blood vessels were prepared and photographed. For obtaining the corrosive preparations of head and neck arterial blood vessels, after exsanguination of the animal, Biocryl (a mixture of liquid biocryl - methil - methacrylate monomer and biocryl in powder - methil - methacrylate polymer) was injected into thoracic aorta (Aorta thoracica). After injecting the preparations were placed into 5% NaOH, for 96 hours or into 10% NaOH for 48 hours. After that they were rinsed in hot water and photographed. A. facialis in ground squirrel is an extension of A. maxillaris. The branches of A. facialis are: A. labialis inferior, A. bursae buccalis dorsalis, A. labialis superior, A. dorsalis nasi and A. angularis oculi. The obtained results regarding A. facialis in ground squirrel (Citellus citellus) were compared to the same ones in rats. In rats, A. facialis is the biggest branch separating from A. carotis externa. The branches of A. facialis in rats are: Ramus glandularis, A. submentalis, A. masseterica ventralis, A. labialis inferior, A. angularis oris, A. labialis superior, Rami musculares, A. lateralis nasi and A. angularis oculi. Based on the above mentioned results, it can be concluded that both in ground squirrel and rat A. facialis branches into A. labialis inferior, A. labialis superior and A. angularis oculi. In ground squirrel the branches of A. facialis are also A. bursae buccalis dorsalis and A. dorsalis nasi, and in rat those are Ramus glandularis, A. submentalis, A. masseterica ventralis, A. angularis oris, Rami musculares and A. lateralis nasi.Tekunica je prezimar, čija hibernacija traje, u zavisnosti od uzrasta i pola, od kraja leta do proleća. U organizmu ove životinje, kao i kod ostalih prezimara, nastupa veliko snižavanje intenziteta svih životnih funkcija, što je dokazano mnogobrojnim fiziološkim, biohemijskim i histološkim ispitivanjima pojedinih organskih sistema kod tekunice. Cilj rada je bio da obradimo deo kardiovaskularnog sistema kod tekunice i na taj način doprinesemo boljem poznavanju građe tela ove životinje i damo doprinos komparativnoj anatomiji. Za ispitivanje je upotrebljeno 6 tekunica, oba pola, telesne mase 200-300 grama. Za dobijanje arterijske vaskularizacije glave i vrata, posle iskrvarenja životinja u grudnu aortu (Aorta thoracica) ubrizgana je kontrastna masa želatin obojen slikarskom temperom. Posle injiciranja, krvni sudovi su preparisani i fotografisani. Za dobijanje korozivnih preparata arterijskih krvnih sudova glave i vrata, po iskrvarenju životinja, u grudnu aortu (Aorta thoracica) ubrizgan je Biocryl (mešavina tečnog biokrila - metil - metakrilat monomer i biokrila u prašku - metil - metakrilat polimer). Posle injiciranja, preparati su stavljani u 5% NaOH, 96 sati ili u 10% NaOH 48 sati. Posle toga preparati su ispirani vrelom vodom i fotografisani. A. facialis kod tekunice predstavlja nastavak od A. maxillaris. Grane od A. facialis su : A. labialis inferior, A. bursae buccalis dorsalis, A. labialis superior, A. dorsalis nasi i A. angularis oculi. Dobijene rezultate koji se odnose na A. facialis kod tekunice (Citellus citellus) upoređivali smo sa istim kod pacova. Kod pacova A. facialis je najveća grana koja se odvaja od A. carotis externa-e. Grane od A. facialis kod pacova su : Ramus glandularis, A. submentalis, A. masseterica ventralis, A. labialis inferior, A. angularis oris, A. labialis superior, Rami musculares, A. lateralis nasi i A. angularis oculi. Na osnovu navedenih rezultata može se zaključiti da se kod tekunice i pacova od A. facialis odvajaju A. labialis inferior, A. labialis superior i A. angularis oculi. Kod tekunice grane od A. facialis su i A. bursae buccalis dorsalis i A. dorsalis nasi, a kod pacova i Ramus glandularis, A. submentalis, A. masseterica ventralis, A. angularis oris, Rami musculares i A. lateralis nasi

Comparison of RISK-PCI, GRACE, TIMI risk scores for prediction of major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Aim To compare the prognostic performance of three major risk scoring systems including global registry for acute coronary events (GRACE), thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI), and prediction of 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (RISK-PCI). Methods This single-center retrospective study involved 200 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent invasive diagnostic approach, ie, coronary angiography and myocardial revascularization if appropriate, in the period from January 2014 to July 2014. The GRACE, TIMI, and RISK-PCI risk scores were compared for their predictive ability. The primary endpoint was a composite 30-day major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), which included death, urgent target-vessel revascularization (TVR), stroke, and non-fatal recurrent myocardial infarction (REMI). Results The c-statistics of the tested scores for 30-day MACE or area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with confidence intervals (CI) were as follows: RISK-PCI (AUC = 0.94; 95% CI 1.790-4.353), the GRACE score on admission (AUC = 0.73; 95% CI 1.013-1.045), the GRACE score on discharge (AUC = 0.65; 95% CI 0.999-1.033). The RISK-PCI score was the only score that could predict TVR (AUC = 0.91; 95% CI 1.392-2.882). The RISK-PCI scoring system showed an excellent discriminative potential for 30- day death (AUC = 0.96; 95% CI 1.339-3.548) in comparison with the GRACE scores on admission (AUC = 0.88; 95% CI 1.018-1.072) and on discharge (AUC = 0.78; 95% CI 1.000- 1.058). Conclusions In comparison with the GRACE and TIMI scores, RISK-PCI score showed a non-inferior ability to predict 30-day MACE and death in ACS patients. Moreover, RISK-PCI was the only scoring system that could predict recurrent ischemia requiring TVR

Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by cinnamaldehyde and its effect on sensory properties of milk

The antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde was evaluated against S. aureus experimentally inoculated (10(3) CFU/mL) in UHT-pasteurized milk, which was treated with different concentrations of the cinnamaldehyde (0.1% and 0.05%) and stored at 4 degrees C for 12 days. The MIC of cinnamaldehyde was 160 mu g/ml. During the storage period, S. aureus counts in milk were reduced by 0.35-2.77 log CFU/mL. Significantly greater decreases were observed when cinnamaldehyde was added, regardless of the concentration used, compared with the control. A triangle test showed that panellists could detect the difference between milks with different concentrations of cinnamaldehyde (P<0.01). These results suggest that by adding 0.05% cinnamaldehyde to milk, the safety of the milk can be increased and a pleasant, desirable flavour can be obtained

A. Femoralis kod malog zelenog majmuna (Cercopithecus aethiops sabeus)

The small Green Monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops sabeus) in large groups inhabits the African savannah. The animals delivered to us were from East Africa, that is from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The length of the animal is 110 cm, and the tail itself is 50 cm long. They can often be seen in Zoos. According to data, mostly by zoo gardens, these monkeys live for about 15 to 17 years, exceptionally for 20 years. The objective of our work was to investigate a part of their cardiovascular system so in that way to contribute to a better knowledge of this animal body structure and accordingly to comparative anatomy in general. The investigation included 6 Small Green Monkeys, of both gender, 3-4 years old, body weight 2000-3000 grams, obtained from The Institute for Virusology, vaccines and serums from Belgrade. For obtaining the hindlimb arterial vascularization, after exsanguination of the animal, contrast mass of gelatin coloured with tempera was injected into the abdominal aorta. After injecting, the blood vessels were prepared and photographed. In the Small Green Monkey, femoral artery (A. femoralis) is an continuation of the external iliac artery (A. iliaca externa). The branches of the femoral artery are: A. profunda femoris, A. saphena, A. genus descendens and A. caudalis femoralis. A. profunda femoris separates to A. circumflexa femoris lateralis, Ramus muscularis and A. circumflexa femoris medialis. In humans A. femoralis branches into: A. epigastrica superficialis, A. circumflexa ilium superficialis, Aa. pudendae externae, A. profunda femoris and A. genus descendens (A. descendens genus). A. profunda femoris branches into: A. circumflexa femoris lateralis, A. circumflexa femoris medialis and Aa. perforantes. In domestic animals, mammals, the branches of the femoral artery (A. femoralis) are: A. circumflexa femoris lateralis, A. saphena, A. genus descendens and Aa. caudales femoris. In the Small Green Monkey, humans and domestic mammals A. femoralis branches into A. genus descendens. The femoral artery of both Small Green Monkey and humans branches into A. profunda femoris. In the Small Green Monkey and domestic mammala, A. femoralis branches into A. saphena and A. caudalis femoris, that is Aa. caudales femoris in domestic mammals, while in humans it branches into A. epigastrica superficialis, A. circumflexa ilium superficialis and Aa. pudendae externae. The branches of A. profunda femoris in the Small Green Monkey and humans are: A. circumflexa femoris lateralis, A. circumflexa femoris medialis, in the Small Green Monkey also Ramus muscularis, and in humans Aa. Perforantes, too. In domestic mammals A. circumflexa femoris lateralis is a branch of A. femoralis. Based on the results of our studying of the Small Green Monkey femoral artery (A. femoralis), we have concluded that some blood vessels branch from A. femoralis in the same way as in humans, and some as in domestic animals - mammals.Mali zeleni majmun (Cercopithecus aethiops sabeus) u velikim grupama nastanjuje Afričke savane. Naše životinje su dopremljene iz Istočne Afrike, odnosno iz Kenije, Ugande i Tanzanije. Njegova celokupna dužina iznosi 110 cm, a samo rep je dug 50 cm. Često se viđaju u zoološkim vrtovima. Prema podacima, uglavnom zoovrtova, svi majmuni žive oko 15-17 godina, izuzetno 20 godina. Cilj rada je bio da obradimo deo kardiovaskularnog sistema i na taj način doprinesemo boljem poznavanju građe tela ove životinje i damo doprinos komparativnoj anatomiji. Kao materijal za ispitivanje koristili smo 6 malih zelenih majmuna, oba pola, starosti 3-4 godine, telesne mase 2000-3000 grama dobijenih iz Instituta za virusologiju, vakcine i serume u Beogradu. Za dobijanje arterijske vaskularizacije zadnjih ekstermiteta, posle iskrvarenja životinja u trbušnu aortu ubrizgana je kontrastna masa želatin obojen slikarskom temperom. Posle injiciranja, krvni sudovi su preparisani i fotografisani. Kod malog zelenog majmuna butna arterija (A. femoralis) je produžetak spoljašnje bedrene arterije (A. iliaca externa). Grane butne arterije su : A. profunda femoris, A. saphena, A. genus descendens i A. caudalis femoralis. Od A. profunda femoris se odvajaju A. circumflexa femoris lateralis, Ramus muscularis i A. circumflexa femoris medialis. Kod čoveka od A. femoralis se odvajaju sledeće arterije: A. epigastrica superficialis, A. circumflexa ilium superficialis, Aa. pudendae externae, A. profunda femoris i A. genus descendens (A. descendens genus). Grane od A. profunda femoris su: A. circumflexa femoris lateralis, A. circumflexa femoris medialis i Aa. perforantes. Kod domaćih životinja sisara grane butne arterije (A. femoralis) su: A. circumflexa femoris lateralis, A. saphena, A. genus descendens i Aa. caudales femoris. Kod malog zelenog majmuna, čoveka i domaćih životinja sisara od A. femoralis se odvaja A. genus descendens. Od butne arterije kod malog zelenog majmuna i čoveka se odvaja A. profunda femoris. Kod malog zelenog majmuna i domaćih životinja sisara od A. femoralis se odvajaju A. saphena i A. caudalis femoris, odnosno Aa. caudales femoris kod domaćih životinja sisara, dok se kod čoveka odvajaju A. epigastrica superficialis, A. circumflexa ilium superficialis i Aa. pudendae externae. Grane od A. profunda femoris kod malog zelenog majmuna i čoveka su: A. circumflexa femoris lateralis, A. circumflexa femoris medialis, kod malog zelenog majmuna i Ramus muscularis, a kod čoveka i Aa. perforantes. Kod domaćih životinja sisara A. circumflexa femoris lateralis je grana od A. femoralis. Na osnovu našeg ispitivanja butne arterije (A. femoralis) kod malog zelenog majmuna ustanovili smo, da se neki krvni sudovi odvajaju od A. femoralis kao kod čoveka, a neki kao kod domaćih životinja sisara

GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTS OF CATTLE IN SEMI INTENSIVE BREEDING AT BELGRADE AREA

The spread area of Belgrade has extremely favorable conditions for modern agricultural production (climate, agricultural land, watercourses, developed processing industry). This economic branch is of strategic importance for supplying Belgrade with food products, along with the resources that abound in the wider environment (Vojvodina and Šumadija). There are numerous villages here, where households keep cattle in small herds or mini-farm, usually in semi-intensive breeding. During our study performed on 2018 we examined faeces of 190 cattle from 42 herds and 29 cattle by post-mortem examination. Determination of eggs and adult parasites performed on their morphological characteristics. The coprological examination established the presence of gastrointestinal helminth eggs in 39.6% of samples. The majority of cattle were infected with two and fewer number with three or four parasite species. At post mortem examination of cattle we found Haemonchus contortus we occured in 57,53%, Ostertagia ostertagi in 55,63%, Trichonstrongylus axeis in 49.37%, Cooperia oncophora in 32.57%, Ostertagia trifurcata in 29.79%, Oesophagostomum radiatum 21.22%, Toxocara vitulorum17.52%, Dicocelium dendriticum 15.26%, Paramphistomum ichikawai in 14.21%, Strongyloides papillosus 11.51%, Moniezia benedeni in 9.47% and Trichuris discolor in 6.52%