The Application of Ant Colonies Algorithm in Optimal Positioning Wind Turbine Farms

Reduction of fossil fuel resources has made wind energy as one of the most prolific alternative energies in the world. Therefore, the design and operation of the wind turbine farms in many countries has become a priority. The place of installation of the wind turbines is one of the most important issues related to the design of these farms. Therefore, the characteristics of the relevant environmental and other restrictions that are usually linked to a couple of variables in the design of these sites are being considered. In this paper a new method based on Ant Colony algorithm for optimal positioning installation of wind turbine farms in the electrical distribution networks is provided. And the performance of the proposed method is tested and reviewed

The Application of Ant Colonies Algorithm in Optimal Positioning Wind Turbine Farms

Reduction of fossil fuel resources has made wind energy as one of the most prolific alternative energies in the world. Therefore, the design and operation of the wind turbine farms in many countries has become a priority. The place of installation of the wind turbines is one of the most important issues related to the design of these farms. Therefore, the characteristics of the relevant environmental and other restrictions that are usually linked to a couple of variables in the design of these sites are being considered. In this paper a new method based on Ant Colony algorithm for optimal positioning installation of wind turbine farms in the electrical distribution networks is provided. And the performance of the proposed method is tested and reviewed

A study on the efficiency of government spending, optimal fiscal policy and indigenous economic growth in Iran economy

The optimal combination of the government current and capital expenditures is very important from the aspect of influencing on the optimal economic growth, so that lack of attention to the type of government spending leads to inefficiency of the government fiscal policies and failure to achieve the high-valued objectives of economy. In the present study, we used the production function and considering efficiency of the government current and capital expenditures to evaluate their effects on the optimal economic growth. Then, we proposed appropriate policy recommendations. To this aim, we used the modified Devarajan’s model (1998) and vector error correction model for 1966-2013 time-series data. The results show that current and capital expenditures had respectively positive and negative effects on the optimal economic growth. In other words, in Iranian economy, current expenditures are more efficient than capital expenditures. This is in contradiction to the ideas about high efficiency of capital expenditures. The reason for this is the Iranian economy structure and the nature of government current and capital expenditures. So that capital expenditures despite accounting classification, have a non-development nature. This is because of low contribution of economic issues in capital expenditures and high contribution of economic issues in current expenditures. Moreover, due to non-flexibility of current expenditures over 70%, adopted current credits are allocated practically and only 10-30% of development credits are allocated. Selection of economic sectors for development expenditures is inefficient while, current expenditures leads to economic growth by creating real demand in the market.

The effects of green tax on Iran's economy

Background: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of green tax on Iran's economy. Methods: This was analytical research using the Nordhaus economic model. The data relating to torques and statistical tests were used to compare actual and model data to determine how well the designed Nordhaus model corresponds to the data on Iran's economy, t and f statistical tests were designed to determine the degree of conformity of the Nordhaus model, and the first and second-order coefficients were used for the variables. Data analysis of the gross domestic product, investment, government spending and oil revenue was used with GAMS software.  Results: The values of the simulated and real characteristics did not differ significantly at the 95% confidence level(P-value=0.05), which shows the high compliance of the Nordhaus model with the real data of these variables. According to the Nordhaus model, green tax affects economic welfare. It reduces economic growth in the short term and increases it in the long term. By reducing production, the level of leisure increases and leads to compensate for the reduction in consumption due to reduced production and increased economic welfare. Conclusion: One percentage of increase in the rate of tax on return of capital leads to a reduction in consumption and a reduction in capital. Increasing the rate of tax on return of capital leads to increased tax revenues and helps governments to compensate for pollution costs and improve the quality of the environment

Evaluation of Business Cycle Synchronization by the Oil Revenues (Markov Switching Bayesian VAR Analysis)

The synchronization of business cycles is one of the new topics that have been raised in recent decades in the field of international business at the same time of increased economic integration between countries. Accordingly, considering the influenced Iranian economy by the flow of business cycles, and given that synchronization is investigated by the existence of common factors, so in this study, the synchronization of business cycles of a country as OPEC member with the important and influential factors of oil, which have a significant effect on both the economy of the country and the world, has been studied. Due to the formation of business cycles and the process of oil revenue, the method used is Markov Bayesian VAR Switching (MSBVAR) analysis. According to the obtained results, the synchronization of business cycles between Iran and Iraq during 1985-2015 indicates the high synchronization and symmetry between the two countries' business cycles. The role of oil revenues is significant in justifying the degree of synchronization of business cycles. Regimen 1 (Stagnation) has been more stable than Regime 2 (Inflation) and Regime 1is more likely to be dominant

Detection of Healthcare Bubbles in Iran: a Left-Tailed Augmented Dickey-Fuller (LTADF) Approach

Healthcare bubbles can cause instability in healthcare system. This study investigates the possibility of single and multiple healthcare bubbles in Iran healthcare market. We applied ADF, SADF and GSADF methods of Left-Tailed Augmented Dickey-Fuller to locate single and multiple healthcare bubble episodes. In particular, this study focuses on the explosive behavior of the pharmaceutical products indicator in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) from November 2008 to August 2017. Our results show that the Iran healthcare market has experienced 8 bubbles over the period of 2008-2017, some of which are single, and others are multiple. The first bubble has occurred in June 2010. Other healthcare bubbles have appeared from 2011 until August 2014. However, the seventh bubble appears two years later in August 2016. The peak in healthcare bubbles can be seen in March to April in 2013.  Healthcare policymakers should monitor the market to recognize the bubbles so that they can mitigate the consequences of the bubble in the market and orient the prices of medical and pharmaceutical commoditie

Power quality improvement in distribution systems considering Optimum D-STATCOM placement

This paper presents an improved method in solving the optimization problem related to the optimum placement and sizing of the Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) in distribution systems, which use the firefly algorithm (FA) for power quality improvement. In the proposed method, the voltage total harmonic distortion, voltage deviation, and total investment cost indices are considered as the problem sub-objective functions. The voltage and power limits for individual buses are considered as the constraints to control optimization variables. The proposed FA is implemented using the Matlab software on modified IEEE 16- and 34-bus test systems. The obtained results are compared with the particle swarm optimization and the genetic algorithm. The simulation and comparison results verify the ability of the FA to accurately determine the optimal location and size of the D-STATCOM in radial distribution systems