Agent-Based Simulation Of Crowd At The Tawaf Area.

Every year during the Hajj season there is a concentration of more than two million people within the vicinity of the Masjid Al-Haram. Congested areas, such as the tawaf,, may reach beyond a safe level of four people per square meter during this peak period. The Tawaf area together with the Ottoman construction is able to accommodate up to 72,000 people (in a praying position). Simulation of the movement and behavior of such a huge crowd can be useful in managing this important event. One of the recent trends in modeling and simulation is the agent technology which has been used to model and simulate various phenomenon such as the study of land use, infectious disease modeling, economic and business study, urban dynamic and also pedestrian modeling. In this paper we use multi-agent based method to simulate the crowd at the Tawaf area. We present the architecture of the software platform which implements our proposed model and briefly report our early experience in using- Repast J which is an agent-based simulation toolkit to model the crowd at the area

Autocorrelated process control: Geometric Brownian Motion approach versus Box-Jenkins approach

Existing of autocorrelation will bring a significant effect on the performance and accuracy of process control if the problem does not handle carefully. When dealing with autocorrelated process, Box-Jenkins method will be preferred because of the popularity. However, the computation of Box-Jenkins method is too complicated and challenging which cause of time-consuming. Therefore, an alternative method which known as Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) is introduced to monitor the autocorrelated process. One real case of furnace temperature data is conducted to compare the performance of Box-Jenkins and GBM methods in monitoring autocorrelation process. Both methods give the same results in terms of model accuracy and monitoring process control. Yet, GBM is superior compared to Box-Jenkins method due to its simplicity and practically with shorter computational time

Air Quality Study at Different Elevation Levels Using Drone Payload Air Quality Measurement Device (D-PAQ)

Construction sites can be found in both urban and rural areas, often in close proximity to residences. They can thus cause home pollution due to the distance and the materials used. This study aims to visualize PM2.5, PM10, temperature and humidity by producing air quality mapping and correlating parameters at the stadium and construction site. An Arduino-based air quality measurement payload device was developed to measure the air quality by different levels. The drone was used to collect air quality data by mounting the device to the drone. Measurements were taken at three different elevations for each study area, and the application software generates the air quality map based on the location coordinates. The correlation evaluation of the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 with temperature and humidity was then determined. The results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the construction site are much higher compared to the stadium due to the construction activities nearby. Keywords: air quality, unmanned aerial vehicle, mappin

Development of liquid enhancer for germination of drought-stressed Oryza sativa subsp. indica Seed cv. MR284

Aim: This study was conducted to develop liquid enhancer containing KCl, TU, GA, and SA for germination of drought-stressed Oryza sativasubsp. indicacv. MR284 seed. Study Design:All experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Two steps were involved in the development process which are to select an ideal concentration for each KCl, TU, GA, and SA, and to find an ideal combination of chemicals from the selection of ideal concentrations acquired in step 1 to form liquid enhancer. There were 20 treatments for step 1 and 9 treatments for step 2. All of these treatments with 6 replicates. Place and Duration of Study:Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, between June 2018 and December 2018. Methodology:The sterilized rice seed cv. MR284 was stressed in the -1.2 Mpa PEG 6000 solution for three days and germinated in the KCl, TU, GA, and SA solution in a series of concentration for 10 days, in a controlled room. Seed germination was observed daily. Results:In the first step, drought-stressed rice seed showed the best germination performance in the 30 mM of KCl, 2.0 mM of TU, 0.24 mM GA, and 0.5 mMSA. Meanwhile, in the second step, the drought-stressed rice seed showed the best germination performance in the combination of 30 mM KCl + 2.0 mM TU + 0.24 mM GA + 0.5 mM SA. The best germination performance was evaluated by the highest germination percentage (%), germination index, seed vigor, leaf length, root length and biomass. Conclusion:Therefore, the combination treatments of 30 mM KCl + 2.0 mM TU + 0.5 mM SA was found to be the most effective and simplest liquid enhancer formula that has an ability to enhance seed germination of drought-stressed rice cv. MR284 seed

The structures of Malay language existential sentences

This study aims to analyze the syntactic structures of existential sentences in Malay and focuses on the verb ada to produce generalization regarding existential verbs in Malay. Our findings showed that the transitive verb ada is motivated by the position of the verb as it occurs as a ditransitive verb in the ada-DP-VP structure, while in the DP-ada structure it acts as an unaccusative ver

Level of Service for Pedestrian Movement towards the Performance of Passenger Information in Public Transport Stations in Klang Valley

Rapid growth in car ownership in Malaysia plays a major role to traffic congestion. Hence, public transportation is crucial to cater the residents in high-density area especially in Klang Valley. Signage information in public transport station is one of an important passenger information system. Poor placement of sign information will decrease the efficiency of passenger flow and caused congestion in the station. Passenger information system is very useful for trip planning and decision making. Therefore, it is interesting to study the performance of passenger information system in focusing the movement behavior of pedestrian at non-peak period. Thus, the study on pedestrian movement during non-peak period on weekdays and weekends in mass transit stations and bus transit stations in Klang Valley was carried out by using video observation. The observation of the pedestrian movement was made in Mass Transit Station 1 in the middle of Kuala Lumpur and Mass Transit Station 2 in southern of Kuala Lumpur. The other site was focused at Bus Transit Station 1 in Putrajaya and Bus Transit Station 2 in Kajang. Findings shown that Mass Transit Station 1 having the best facility in terms of passenger information which the level of service obtained is LOS A, while the lowest level of service which is LOS E was obtained in Bus Transit Station 2

Investigation of single segment side-polished optical fiber sensor for shoulder joint monitoring

Shoulder monitoring is an important stage in the diagnosis and treatment process of affected patients. Current devices available in the clinical environment for this application are focusing on flexible ruler or manual goniometer, which are prone to measurement error. Alternative approaches including accelerometer, magnetometer, strain sensor and inertial measurement unit (IMU) are subject to reading error, susceptible to output drift, has bulky overall size and difficult to be attached on the human body (via adhesive or garment). To solve this issue, this paper presents the use of an optical fiber sensor (OFS) based on intensity modulation technique via single segment side-polished fiber. Based on the experimental study, the proposed method can be utilized to measure an angle between 0deg. and 90 deg. Additional optical sensors can be added to increase the sensor's range of motion that is sufficient for shoulder joint measurement

Study of factors influencing construction delays at rural area in Malaysia

Construction is one of an important industry which contributes to the economic growth in Malaysia. However, it has been revealed that 79.5 percent and 66.7 percent of the public and private projects were not completed within the time specified in the contracts out of 359 projects in Malaysia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the delay factor caused project delay at rural area. A 5-points Likert scale questionnaire survey were answered by 111 respondents which having experience with rural construction project. The questionnaire data were analysed by using Relative Importance Index (RII). Five top factors were determined from this study based on their RII values which are improper construction method implemented by contractor, weather condition, difficulties in providing delivery to site, breakdown of site equipment, and poor qualification of contractor’s technical staffs

Application of geophysical technique in investigation of groundwater quality at Melaka Tengah, Malacca

A study on 2D geo-electrical resistivity imaging at Melaka Tengah, Malacca was conducted to determine the potential groundwater zone. This investigation is needed to identify the quality of the groundwater, since the site is located in the coastal areas where groundwater influence tends to diminish due to intrusion of seawater. Two resistivity lines were proposed with length of 400m each by using Terrameter SAS 4000 and ES1064. Geo-electrical of electrical resistivity and induced polarization method with the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration were carried out. The Res2Dinv software would then render the 2D resistivity image through inversion method which provided detailed information of both the laterally and vertically geological structures based on their part. The electrical resistivity measured the resistance of the subsurface to the flow of electric current in units of ohmmeters and value of chargeability during the transient decay of the applied voltage in ms for induced polarization. Well data provided was very useful in direct determination of subsurface soil lithology. The result obtained showed an 84.7-meter subsurface depth for both areas which then reflected that the subsurface consisted of two different layers namely overburden (laterite, clay, and/or peat soil) with ranged 1 ohm.m – 10 ohm.m and 50 ohm.m – 500 ohm.m for schist formation. However, this area was considered to be brackish water area because of the low chargeability value of 0ms – 1ms especially in top soil layer and 5ms – 20ms for schist formation. Thus, this area was deemed not suitable for groundwater exploration due to the intrusion of salt water