60 research outputs found
Can the Youth Materialism Scale be used across different countries and cultures?
As global material wealth rises and young people are heavily exposed to advertising across a range of channels, including rapidly developing social media where material goods are flaunted as symbols of a happy and successful lifestyle, materialism levels across the world seem likely to rise. Given consistent research showing the correlation between materialism and low well-being, this gives cause for concern. However, no studies have so far tested whether current measures of youth materialism are generalizable across different countries and cultures. Our article fills this gap by exploring through a range of internal and external validity tests whether the popular Youth Materialism Scale (YMS) can be used with confidence across China, France, Belgium, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We show that a 5-item version of YMS is invariant across the countries (internal validity) and that it broadly correlates in expected ways with six different theoretically related constructs: Self-Esteem, Life Satisfaction, Attitude to Advertising, Parental Support, TV Use, and Internet Use (external validity). We believe that researchers and policy makers can confidently use this 5-item version of the scale in international contexts
Bi-Level Optimization to Enhance Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Planning
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy is an effective cancer treatment.
Models based on the Generalized Equivalent Uniform Dose (gEUD) provide
radiation plans with excellent planning target volume coverage and low
radiation for organs at risk. However, manual adjustment of the parameters
involved in gEUD is required to ensure that the plans meet patient-specific
physical restrictions. This paper proposes a radiotherapy planning methodology
based on bi-level optimization. We evaluated the proposed scheme in a real
patient and compared the resulting irradiation plans with those prepared by
clinical planners in hospital devices. The results in terms of efficiency and
effectiveness are promising
High dimensional and high resolution pulse sequences for backbone resonance assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins
Four novel 5D (HACA(N)CONH, HNCOCACB, (HACA)CON(CA)CONH, (H)NCO(NCA)CONH), and one 6D ((H)NCO(N)CACONH) NMR pulse sequences are proposed. The new experiments employ non-uniform sampling that enables achieving high resolution in indirectly detected dimensions. The experiments facilitate resonance assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins. The novel pulse sequences were successfully tested using δ subunit (20 kDa) of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase that has an 81-amino acid disordered part containing various repetitive sequences
SILAC Analysis Reveals Increased Secretion of Hemostasis-Related Factors by Senescent Cells
Cellular senescence irreversibly arrests cell proliferation, accompanied by a multi-component senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that participates in several age-related diseases. Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids (SILACs) and cultured cells, we identify 343 SASP proteins that senescent human fibroblasts secrete at 2-fold or higher levels compared with quiescent cell counterparts. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that 44 of these proteins participate in hemostasis, a process not previously linked with cellular senescence. We validated the expression of some of these SASP factors in cultured cells and in vivo. Mice treated with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which induces widespread cellular senescence in vivo, show increased blood clotting. Conversely, selective removal of senescent cells using transgenic p16-3MR mice showed that clearing senescent cells attenuates the increased clotting caused by doxorubicin. Our study provides an in-depth, unbiased analysis of the SASP and unveils a function for cellular senescence in hemostasis
Ambivalence toward men: comparing sexism among Polish, South African and British university students
This study extends the literature on attitudes toward gender roles by exploring whether the nature of sexism (i.e., benevolence and hostility directed at men) differs among university students from two under-researched countries, Poland (n = 190) and South Africa (n = 188), in a comparison with students in the United Kingdom (n = 166). Based on empirical literature applying Ambivalent Sexism Theory, and in the light of the socio-political context, it was hypothesized that: (1) both hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men in Poland would be more liberal than in South Africa and more conservative than in the United Kingdom, and (2), women would exhibit more hostile but less benevolent attitudes than men in relatively more conservative South Africa. The Ambivalence to Men Inventory was used to measure the two types of sexist attitudes about men. Findings supported the first hypothesis for hostile attitudes and partially for benevolent attitudes. South African and Polish students were more benevolent and hostile to men than British students, and students from South Africa were more hostile than those from Poland. Moreover, as predicted, a significant country-by-gender interaction revealed that South African women had more hostile and less benevolent attitudes to men than South African men. No such gender gap was present in the case of hostile attitudes in Poland and benevolent attitudes in the United Kingdom. Findings are discussed in terms of Ambivalent Sexism Theory and the countries’ socio-cultural context
Otępienie czołowo-skroniowe : ujęcie interdyscyplinarne
Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publicationZe wstępu:
Oddajemy do rąk Czytelników monografię Otępienie czołowo-skroniowe: ujęcie interdyscyplinarne,
która stanowi oryginalny zbiór odpowiednio dobranych rozdziałów,
opracowanych przez autorów z różnych specjalności medycznych i paramedycznych
zajmujących się diagnozą i rehabilitacją osób z otępieniem.
Otępienie czołowo-skroniowe stanowi nadzwyczaj ważki i trudny temat dla
współczesnej neuronauki. Temat jest ważki przede wszystkim dlatego, że problemy
związane z otępieniem w starszych latach dotyczą wciąż wzrastającej liczby osób, co
stanowi nieunikniony, choć dość paradoksalny skutek przedłużenia się życia przeciętnego
człowieka, bez proporcjonalnej poprawy jego kondycji fizycznej i psychicznej.
Oznacza to m.in., że najprawdopodobniej mało kto z nas (tj. sami autorzy wraz
z Czytelnikami) uniknie tego problemu w przyszłości, a ten dość przykry fakt czasami
utrudnia proces utrzymywania należytego dystansu naukowego do tematu.
Wiele rozdziałów publikowanych w tej książce jest owocem 13. Międzynarodowego
Kongresu Polskiego Towarzystwa Neuropsychologicznego, zorganizowanego
przez Krakowską Akademię im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego w dniach 22 do
24 lutego 2010 roku. Uczestnicy kongresu podjęli panelową dyskusję, mającą na
celu syntezę przyczyn i objawów otępienia czołowo-skroniowego. Główne tezy z tej
dyskusji wykorzystano również w przygotowywaniu rozdziałów tej monografii
- …