Phraseological units with the component of color as the reflection of national self-consciousness of Chinese and Russians

The article presents comparative description of Chinese and Russian color lexis, the history of its development is examined. In China color is a component of culture, it is surrounded by the system of associations, meanings, interpretations; color reflects moral and aesthetic values. Since ancient times color in Chinese culture was a means of understanding the world, nature and person. In Russian linguistic and color world picture color constitutes several phrases (ex. “to blush as a poppy flower”). For Russian tradition it is characteristic to use colors as symbols (Andrey Bely, Sasha Cherny). Experiments in the synthesis of music and color are interesting. In the course of time informative meaning of color images loses its importance while aesthetic and spiritual meanings gain it, the sphere of their usage widens.Производится сопоставительное описание китайской и русской цветовой лексики, исследуется история ее становления. В Китае цвет является компонентом культуры, он окружен системой ассоциаций, значений, толкований, цвет воплощает нравственно-эстетические ценности. С древнейших времен у китайского народа цвет являлся одним из средств осмысления мира, окружающей природы и наиболее ценного в человеке. В русской лингвоцветовой картине мира цвет входит в состав целого ряда выражений (например, «зардеться как маков цвет»). Для русской традиции характерно обыгрывание цветов как символов (Андрей Белый, Саша Чёрный). Интересны эксперименты в области синтеза музыки и цвета. Со временем познавательное значение цветовых образов отходит на второй план, а эстетическое и духовное – выходят на первый план, расширяется сфера использования цветов в символическом значении

Potential of CLSM in studying some modern and fossil palynological objects

© 2017 Royal Microscopical Society. We have tested possibilities and limitations of confocal laser scanning microscopy to study the morphology of pollen and spores and inner structure of sporoderms. As test objects, we used pollen grains of the modern angiosperm Ribes niveum (Grossulariaceae) and Datura metel (Solanaceae), fossil angiosperm pollen grains of Pseudointegricorpus clarireticulatum and Wodehouseia spinata dated to the Late Cretaceous, fossil gymnosperm pollen grains of Cycadopites-type dated to the Middle Jurassic, and fossil megaspores Maexisporites rugulaeferus, M. grosstriletus, and Trileites sp. dated to the Early Triassic. For comparative purpose, we studied the same objects with application of conventional light, scanning electron (to entire pollen grains and spores or to semithin sections of their walls), or transmission electron microscopy. The resolution of confocal microscope is much lower than that of electron microscopes, as are its abilities to reconstruct the surface patterns and inner structure. On the other hand, it can provide information that is unreachable by other microscopical methods. Thus, the structure of endoapertures in angiosperm pollen grains can be directly observed. It is also helpful in studies of asymmetrical pollen and pollen grains bearing various appendages and having complicated exine structure, because rotation of 3-D reconstructions allows one to examine all sides and structures of the pollen grain. The exact location of all visible and concealed structures in the sporoderm can be detected; this information helps to describe the morphology and inner structure of pollen grains and to choose necessary directions of further ultrathin sectioning for a transmission electron microscopical study. In studies of fossil pollen grains that are preserved in clumps and stuck to cuticles, confocal microscope is useful in determining the number of apertures in individual pollen grains. This can be done by means of virtual sections through 3-D reconstructions of pollen grains. Fossil megaspores are too large and too thick-walled objects for a confocal study; however, confocal microscope was able to reveal a degree of compression of fossil megaspores, the presence of a cavity between the outer and inner sporoderm layers, and to get some information about sporoderm inner structure

Оценка эффективности использования технических средств при реализации инфраструктурных проектов

For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The evaluation of investment projects is central to the process of study and choice of possible options to invest in development projects. The article shows the main indicators for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects, analyzes the main advantages and disadvantages of each of them. At the same time the socio-economic importance of one of the largest high-speed rail project «Moscow-Kazan» is considered on the basis of calculation of such economic indicators as resource intensity, depreciation intensity, labor intensity and material intensity. Keywords: transport, railways, technical means, large-scale development project, economic efficiency, high-speed rail «Moscow-Kazan». REFERENCES 1.STO RZhD1.08.005-2008.Innovation activity.The procedure for evaluation of efficiency.[Order of JSC Russian Railways № 2710r dated 28.11.2013] [STO RZhD1.08.005-2008. Innovacionnaja dejatel’nost’. Porjadok ocenki effektivnosti. [Rasporjazhenie OAO «RZhD» № 2710r ot 28.11.2013]]. 2.Vilensky, P.L., Livshits, V.N., Smolyak, S. A.Evaluation of effectiveness of investment projects.Theory and practice [Ocenka effektivnosti investicionnyh proektov. Teorija i praktika].Educational guide.2nd ed., rev.and enl.Moscow, Delo publ., 2002, 888 p. 3.UNIDO methodology on investment planning [Metodika UNIDO po investicionnomu proektirovaniju].[Electronic resource]: http://www.cfin.ru/business-plan/ UNIDO.shtml.Last accessed 01.02.2016. 4.Tereshina, N.P., Dedova, I.N., Sokolov, Yu.I., Podsorin, V. A. Innovation management in railway transport: a monograph [Upravlenie innovacijami na zheleznodorozhnom transporte: monografija].Moscow, MIIT publ., 2014, 304 p. 5.Tereshina, N.P., Podsorin, V.A., Brusilovsky, M. E.Integrated assessment of the cost of a life cycle of new technological systems using reliability verification algorithms [Kompleksnaja ocenka stoimosti zhiznennogo cikla novyh tehnicheskih sistem s ispol’zovaniem algoritmov verifikacii nadjozhnosti].Ekonomika zheleznyh dorog, 2011, Iss.1, pp.27-39. 6.Engineering survey and design of the section «Moscow-Kazan» high speed rail «Moscow-Kazan- Yekaterinburg».Information Memorandum, October 2013, Moscow [Inzhenernye izyskanija i proektirovanie uchastka «Moskva-Kazan’» vysokoskorostnoj zheleznodorozhnoj magistrali «Moskva-Kazan’-Ekaterinburg» Informacionnyj memorandum Oktjabr’ 2013 g., Moskva].[Electronic resource]:https://docviewer.yandex.ru/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.rzd.ru%2Fdbmm%2Fdo wnload%3Fvp%3D9%26load%3Dy%26col_id%3D121% 26id%3D72402&name=download%3Fvp%3D9%26load% 3Dy%26col_id%3D121%26id%3D72402&lang=ru&c=58 be69dda31f.Last accessed 18.01.2016. 7.Podsorin, V. A. Economic control methods for updating technical means and systems of a transport company.[Ekonomicheskie metody upravlenija processom obnovlenija tehnicheskih sredstv i sistem transportnoj kompanii].Abstract of D.Sc.(Economics) thesis.Moscow, 2015, 37 p. 8.Engineering researches and designing of the section «Moscow-Kazan» high speed rail «Moscow-Kazan- Yekaterinburg».Information memorandum, March 2014, Moscow [Inzhenernye izyskanija i proektirovanie uchastka «Moskva-Kazan’» vysokoskorostnoj zheleznodorozhnoj magistrali «Moskva-Kazan’-Ekaterinburg» Informacionnyj memorandum Mart 2014 g., Moskva]. [Electronic resource]: http://www.oprf.ru/files/MemoMoscow-KazanRU.pdf.Last accessed 18.04.2016. 9.Guidelines for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects (third edition).Official publication [Metodicheskie rekomendacii po ocenke effektivnosti investicionnyh proektov (tret’ja redakcija). Izdanie oficial’noe].Moscow, Economika publ.[Electronic resource]: https://docviewer.yandex.ru/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.NIEc.ru%2FMet%2F02redMR.pdf&name=02redMR.pdf&lang=ru&c=58be6ac1ea12.Last accessed 18.04.2016. 10.Annual report of JSC Russian Railways for 2014.[Godovoj otchet OAO «RZhD» za 2014 god].[Electronic resource]: http://ar2014.rzd.ru/ru/.Last accessed 03.03.2016. 11.The Federal Passenger Company.Annual report for 2014.[Federal’naja passazhirskaja kompanija. Godovoj otchet za 2014 god].[Electronic resource]: http://ar2014.fpc.ru/ ru/.Last accessed 03.05.2016. 12.HSR projects [Proekty VSM].[Electronic resource]: http://rzd.ru/static/public/ru? STRUCTURE_ID=5098.Last accessed 11.05.2016.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).Актуальность темы заключается в том, что оценка инвестиционных проектов занимает центральное место в процессе обоснования и выбора возможных вариантов вложения средств в проекты развития. В статье раскрыты основные показатели оценки эффективности инвестиционных проектов, проанализированы основные преимущества и недостатки каждого из них. При этом рассмотрено социально-экономическое значение одного из крупнейших проектов ВСМ «Москва-Казань» на основе расчёта таких экономических показателей, как ресурсоёмкость, амортизациоёмкость, трудоёмкость и материалоёмкость

SPERMATOGENIC TESTICULAR FUNCTION IN MEN WITH CHRONIC UROGENITAL MONOTRICHOMONIASIS AND PATHOSPERMIA

We did not observed significant differences in levels of inhibin B and follicle-stimulating hormone in serum samples of men with chronic urogenital trichomoniasis and different spermogram. It confirmed that spermatogenic testicular function in these men is preserved

Exine ultrastructure of in situ pollen from the cycadalean cone Androstrobus prisma Thomas et Harris 1960 from the Jurassic of England

Pollen grains extracted from the cycad pollen cone Androstrobus prisma Thomas et Harris 1960 from the Bajocian of Yorkshire were studied by means of LM, SEM and TEM. The species is characterized by rounded-oval, inaperturate pollen with an indistinctly verrucate surface and predominantly homogeneous exine with occasional alveolate areas. Present and earlier published data on the fine morphology of pollen grains of fossil cycads are discussed in the light of the differentiation between Mesozoic non-saccate and presumably monosulcate pollen produced by a number of gymnosperm groups. Although the exine pattern in pollen grains of fossil cycads is usually indistinct in transmitted light, SEM reveals minute, but various sculpturing that can be used for taxonomic purposes, particularly to differentiate between species. Elongated ectexinal alveolae, situated mostly in one row and covered by a thin tectum, is an unequivocal cycadalean character. Sufficiently well preserved fossil cycad pollen clearly shows this type of exine ultrastructure. Poorly preserved cycad pollen grains commonly show an alternation of alveolate and homogeneous regions in the exine with predominance of homogeneous regions. This peculiar mode of preservation can be used as a hint to reveal cycadalean affinity. Inaperturate pollen grains are unknown in bennettites or ginkgophytes. Therefore, if a dispersed, non-saccate and boat-shaped pollen grain is proved by means of electron microscopy to lack an aperture, this would indicate a possible cycadalean affinity

Phraseological units with the component of color as the reflection of national self-consciousness of Chinese and Russians

The article presents comparative description of Chinese and Russian color lexis, the history of its development is examined. In China color is a component of culture, it is surrounded by the system of associations, meanings, interpretations; color reflects moral and aesthetic values. Since ancient times color in Chinese culture was a means of understanding the world, nature and person. In Russian linguistic and color world picture color constitutes several phrases (ex. “to blush as a poppy flower”). For Russian tradition it is characteristic to use colors as symbols (Andrey Bely, Sasha Cherny). Experiments in the synthesis of music and color are interesting. In the course of time informative meaning of color images loses its importance while aesthetic and spiritual meanings gain it, the sphere of their usage widens.Производится сопоставительное описание китайской и русской цветовой лексики, исследуется история ее становления. В Китае цвет является компонентом культуры, он окружен системой ассоциаций, значений, толкований, цвет воплощает нравственно-эстетические ценности. С древнейших времен у китайского народа цвет являлся одним из средств осмысления мира, окружающей природы и наиболее ценного в человеке. В русской лингвоцветовой картине мира цвет входит в состав целого ряда выражений (например, «зардеться как маков цвет»). Для русской традиции характерно обыгрывание цветов как символов (Андрей Белый, Саша Чёрный). Интересны эксперименты в области синтеза музыки и цвета. Со временем познавательное значение цветовых образов отходит на второй план, а эстетическое и духовное – выходят на первый план, расширяется сфера использования цветов в символическом значении

Exine ultrastructure of in situ pollen from the cycadalean cone Androstrobus prisma Thomas et Harris 1960 from the Jurassic of England

Pollen grains extracted from the cycad pollen cone Androstrobus prisma Thomas et Harris 1960 from the Bajocian of Yorkshire were studied by means of LM, SEM and TEM. The species is characterized by rounded-oval, inaperturate pollen with an indistinctly verrucate surface and predominantly homogeneous exine with occasional alveolate areas. Present and earlier published data on the fine morphology of pollen grains of fossil cycads are discussed in the light of the differentiation between Mesozoic non-saccate and presumably monosulcate pollen produced by a number of gymnosperm groups. Although the exine pattern in pollen grains of fossil cycads is usually indistinct in transmitted light, SEM reveals minute, but various sculpturing that can be used for taxonomic purposes, particularly to differentiate between species. Elongated ectexinal alveolae, situated mostly in one row and covered by a thin tectum, is an unequivocal cycadalean character. Sufficiently well preserved fossil cycad pollen clearly shows this type of exine ultrastructure. Poorly preserved cycad pollen grains commonly show an alternation of alveolate and homogeneous regions in the exine with predominance of homogeneous regions. This peculiar mode of preservation can be used as a hint to reveal cycadalean affinity. Inaperturate pollen grains are unknown in bennettites or ginkgophytes. Therefore, if a dispersed, non-saccate and boat-shaped pollen grain is proved by means of electron microscopy to lack an aperture, this would indicate a possible cycadalean affinity

Potential of CLSM in studying some modern and fossil palynological objects

© 2017 Royal Microscopical Society. We have tested possibilities and limitations of confocal laser scanning microscopy to study the morphology of pollen and spores and inner structure of sporoderms. As test objects, we used pollen grains of the modern angiosperm Ribes niveum (Grossulariaceae) and Datura metel (Solanaceae), fossil angiosperm pollen grains of Pseudointegricorpus clarireticulatum and Wodehouseia spinata dated to the Late Cretaceous, fossil gymnosperm pollen grains of Cycadopites-type dated to the Middle Jurassic, and fossil megaspores Maexisporites rugulaeferus, M. grosstriletus, and Trileites sp. dated to the Early Triassic. For comparative purpose, we studied the same objects with application of conventional light, scanning electron (to entire pollen grains and spores or to semithin sections of their walls), or transmission electron microscopy. The resolution of confocal microscope is much lower than that of electron microscopes, as are its abilities to reconstruct the surface patterns and inner structure. On the other hand, it can provide information that is unreachable by other microscopical methods. Thus, the structure of endoapertures in angiosperm pollen grains can be directly observed. It is also helpful in studies of asymmetrical pollen and pollen grains bearing various appendages and having complicated exine structure, because rotation of 3-D reconstructions allows one to examine all sides and structures of the pollen grain. The exact location of all visible and concealed structures in the sporoderm can be detected; this information helps to describe the morphology and inner structure of pollen grains and to choose necessary directions of further ultrathin sectioning for a transmission electron microscopical study. In studies of fossil pollen grains that are preserved in clumps and stuck to cuticles, confocal microscope is useful in determining the number of apertures in individual pollen grains. This can be done by means of virtual sections through 3-D reconstructions of pollen grains. Fossil megaspores are too large and too thick-walled objects for a confocal study; however, confocal microscope was able to reveal a degree of compression of fossil megaspores, the presence of a cavity between the outer and inner sporoderm layers, and to get some information about sporoderm inner structure

Potential of CLSM in studying some modern and fossil palynological objects

© 2017 Royal Microscopical Society. We have tested possibilities and limitations of confocal laser scanning microscopy to study the morphology of pollen and spores and inner structure of sporoderms. As test objects, we used pollen grains of the modern angiosperm Ribes niveum (Grossulariaceae) and Datura metel (Solanaceae), fossil angiosperm pollen grains of Pseudointegricorpus clarireticulatum and Wodehouseia spinata dated to the Late Cretaceous, fossil gymnosperm pollen grains of Cycadopites-type dated to the Middle Jurassic, and fossil megaspores Maexisporites rugulaeferus, M. grosstriletus, and Trileites sp. dated to the Early Triassic. For comparative purpose, we studied the same objects with application of conventional light, scanning electron (to entire pollen grains and spores or to semithin sections of their walls), or transmission electron microscopy. The resolution of confocal microscope is much lower than that of electron microscopes, as are its abilities to reconstruct the surface patterns and inner structure. On the other hand, it can provide information that is unreachable by other microscopical methods. Thus, the structure of endoapertures in angiosperm pollen grains can be directly observed. It is also helpful in studies of asymmetrical pollen and pollen grains bearing various appendages and having complicated exine structure, because rotation of 3-D reconstructions allows one to examine all sides and structures of the pollen grain. The exact location of all visible and concealed structures in the sporoderm can be detected; this information helps to describe the morphology and inner structure of pollen grains and to choose necessary directions of further ultrathin sectioning for a transmission electron microscopical study. In studies of fossil pollen grains that are preserved in clumps and stuck to cuticles, confocal microscope is useful in determining the number of apertures in individual pollen grains. This can be done by means of virtual sections through 3-D reconstructions of pollen grains. Fossil megaspores are too large and too thick-walled objects for a confocal study; however, confocal microscope was able to reveal a degree of compression of fossil megaspores, the presence of a cavity between the outer and inner sporoderm layers, and to get some information about sporoderm inner structure

Potential of CLSM in studying some modern and fossil palynological objects

© 2017 Royal Microscopical Society. We have tested possibilities and limitations of confocal laser scanning microscopy to study the morphology of pollen and spores and inner structure of sporoderms. As test objects, we used pollen grains of the modern angiosperm Ribes niveum (Grossulariaceae) and Datura metel (Solanaceae), fossil angiosperm pollen grains of Pseudointegricorpus clarireticulatum and Wodehouseia spinata dated to the Late Cretaceous, fossil gymnosperm pollen grains of Cycadopites-type dated to the Middle Jurassic, and fossil megaspores Maexisporites rugulaeferus, M. grosstriletus, and Trileites sp. dated to the Early Triassic. For comparative purpose, we studied the same objects with application of conventional light, scanning electron (to entire pollen grains and spores or to semithin sections of their walls), or transmission electron microscopy. The resolution of confocal microscope is much lower than that of electron microscopes, as are its abilities to reconstruct the surface patterns and inner structure. On the other hand, it can provide information that is unreachable by other microscopical methods. Thus, the structure of endoapertures in angiosperm pollen grains can be directly observed. It is also helpful in studies of asymmetrical pollen and pollen grains bearing various appendages and having complicated exine structure, because rotation of 3-D reconstructions allows one to examine all sides and structures of the pollen grain. The exact location of all visible and concealed structures in the sporoderm can be detected; this information helps to describe the morphology and inner structure of pollen grains and to choose necessary directions of further ultrathin sectioning for a transmission electron microscopical study. In studies of fossil pollen grains that are preserved in clumps and stuck to cuticles, confocal microscope is useful in determining the number of apertures in individual pollen grains. This can be done by means of virtual sections through 3-D reconstructions of pollen grains. Fossil megaspores are too large and too thick-walled objects for a confocal study; however, confocal microscope was able to reveal a degree of compression of fossil megaspores, the presence of a cavity between the outer and inner sporoderm layers, and to get some information about sporoderm inner structure