Review of Ship Energy Efficiency

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] Energy efficiency has become increasingly relevant in the current economic and environmental situations. This paper aims to create a map of the state of the art of the energy efficiency on the marine sector, both in the scale of the individual ships and the entire industry. The first point of interest will be an examination of the regulatory framework of the shipping sector in regards of energy efficiency. Next there are the procedures implemented on ships with the aim of diminishing their consumption and emissions. These measures range from modifications of the design to the operational practices. Following that will be the potential advances that the industry could implement on a bigger scale to enhance the efficiency of the whole sector. Finally, an overview of the main obstacles for the implementation of these measures will be examined. While the current standards are a temporary solution and several of the most prominent improvements require further investigation, the continuous effort increases the potential of this sector for optimization. These factors emphasize the utility of this review as an introduction to help other studies have a solid understanding of the state of the art of energy efficiency in the naval industry.Xunta de Galicia; ED481A 2021/312Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/3

Digital twin modeling of refrigerated warehouses

[Abstract]: Energy optimization in cold food storage processes is a complex issue, as many variables have to be taken into consideration, according to the nature of the food to be stored. In addition, energy optimization requires exhaustive supervision, especially of the cooling temperatures of the different types of food, as refrigeration is essential for maintaining optimum storage, minimizing product losses. The goal of this study is to present the use of digitization of a process to carry out energy control in real time so that, with a reasonable investment, the quality of the product is maintained and the economic profitability of the facilities is improved. To this aim, we use Industry 4.0 techniques, together with programmable mathematical algorithms in cloud platforms, to build a Digital Twin of a refrigerated food warehouse that will allow automatic supervision of food storage conditions and consumption, as well as to optimize cold generation and the profitability of the process throughout the facility.Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial; IDI-20190187Agencia Estatal de Investigación; PID2019-105138GB-C21Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2019/10Xunta de Galicia; ED431F 2020/0

Constructing a Control Chart Using Functional Data

[Abstract] This study proposes a control chart based on functional data to detect anomalies and estimate the normal output of industrial processes and services such as those related to the energy efficiency domain. Companies providing statistical consultancy services in the fields of energy efficiency; heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC); installation and control; and big data for buildings, have been striving to solve the problem of automatic anomaly detection in buildings controlled by sensors. Given the functional nature of the critical to quality (CTQ) variables, this study proposed a new functional data analysis (FDA) control chart method based on the concept of data depth. Specifically, it developed a control methodology, including the Phase I and II control charts. It is based on the calculation of the depth of functional data, the identification of outliers by smooth bootstrap resampling and the customization of nonparametric rank control charts. A comprehensive simulation study, comprising scenarios defined with different degrees of dependence between curves, was conducted to evaluate the control procedure. The proposed statistical process control procedure was also applied to detect energy efficiency anomalies in the stores of a textile company in the Panama City. In this case, energy consumption has been defined as the CTQ variable of the HVAC system. Briefly, the proposed methodology, which combines FDA and multivariate techniques, adapts the concept of the control chart based on a specific case of functional data and thereby presents a novel alternative for controlling facilities in which the data are obtained by continuous monitoring, as is the case with a great deal of process in the framework of Industry 4.0.This study has been funded by the eCOAR project (PC18/03) of CITIC. The work of Salvador Naya, Javier Tarrío-Saavedra, Miguel Flores and Rubén Fernández-Casal has been supported by MINECO grants MTM2014-52876-R, MTM2017-82724-R, the Xunta de Galicia (Grupos de Referencia Competitiva ED431C-2016-015, and Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia ED431G/01 2016-19), through the ERDF. The research of Miguel Flores has been partially supported by Grant PII-DM-002-2016 of Escuela Politécnica Nacional of EcuadorXunta de Galicia; ED431C-2016-015Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/01 2016-19Escuela Politécnica Nacional de Ecuador; PII-DM-002-201

El cultivo de la esparceta (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) aumenta la biodiversidad vegetal en Aragón

Premio Álvaro Altés al mejor póster técnico-científico del X Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Agricultura EcológicaEste estudio se ha financiado mediante el proyecto AGL2010-22084-C02-02 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovació

Estudio de la composición y cobertura de la vegetación en franjas entre cultivos de diferentes edades

Publishe

A Fractional Derivative Modeling of Heating and Cooling of LED Luminaires

[Abstract] In the context of energy efficient lighting, we present a mathematical study of the heating and cooling processes of a common type of luminaires, consisting of a single light-emitting diode source in thermal contact with an aluminum passive heat sink. First, we study stationary temperature distributions by addressing the appropriate system of partial differential equations with a commercial finite element solver. Then, we study the temporal evolution of the temperature of the chip and find that it is well approximated with a fractional derivative generalization of Newton’s cooling law. The mathematical results are compared and shown to largely agree with our laboratory measurements.Xunta de Galicia; ED431B 2018/57Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad; FIS2017-83762-PAgencia Estatal de Innovación (AEI); MTM2016-75140-

Analysis of key variables for energy efficiency in warships

[EN] The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of environmental variables on the electric energy expenditure of a typical surface warship. Studies with similar objectives are much more frequent for merchant ships, but warship operations have peculiarities that will be emphasized. In particular, they spend large fractions of their life cycle at port, during which the vessel remains active. Firstly, a discussion of the embarked systems is presented, pointing out the importance of auxiliary systems and in particular, heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Quantitative estimates of the energy consumption of those systems are provided. Then, using data taken during real operations of a frigate of the Spanish navy, correlations are computed between power consumption and different environmental variables. As a novelty, the analysis is carried out separating the different modes of operation of the ship. This leads to interesting conclusions, including a considerable positive correlation between sea water temperature and consumption when the vessel is at port. The effect of a moored ship on the surrounding sea water temperature is studied by a numerical computation. The results suggest that the position of sea chests may be consequential for energy efficiency.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by Xunta de Galicia (Grant Number ED431B 2018/57) and by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Grant Numbers FIS2017-83762-P, FPDI-2013-17516, ENE 2013-48015-C3-1-R and RTI2018-102256-B-I00-AR).Carrasco, P.; Bendaña, R.; Paredes, A.; Michinel, H.; Fernández De Córdoba, P.; Arce, ME.; Zaragoza, S. (2020). Analysis of key variables for energy efficiency in warships. Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment. 234(1):26-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475090219864816S26362341Agarwal, S., Kahlon, N., Agarwal, P., & Dixit, S. (2017). Relationship between Student’s Family Socio-economic Status, Gap Year/years after Schooling and Self-concept: A Cross-Sectional Study among Medical Students. International Journal of Physiology, 5(1), 21. doi:10.5958/2320-608x.2017.00005.1Jafarzadeh, S., & Utne, I. B. (2014). A framework to bridge the energy efficiency gap in shipping. Energy, 69, 603-612. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.056Papanikolaou, A., Zaraphonitis, G., Bitner-Gregersen, E., Shigunov, V., Moctar, O. E., Soares, C. G., … Sprenger, F. (2016). Energy Efficient Safe SHip Operation (SHOPERA). Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 820-829. doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.030Elena Arce, M., Saavedra, Á., Míguez, J. L., & Granada, E. (2015). The use of grey-based methods in multi-criteria decision analysis for the evaluation of sustainable energy systems: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47, 924-932. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.010Patterson, M. G. (1996). What is energy efficiency? Energy Policy, 24(5), 377-390. doi:10.1016/0301-4215(96)00017-1Figari, M., D’Amico, M., & Gaggero, P. (2011). Evaluation of ship efficiency indexes. Sustainable Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources, 621-627. doi:10.1201/b11810-94Tran, T. A. (2017). A research on the energy efficiency operational indicator EEOI calculation tool on M/V NSU JUSTICE of VINIC transportation company, Vietnam. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science, 2(1), 55-60. doi:10.1016/j.joes.2017.01.001Coraddu, A., Figari, M., & Savio, S. (2014). Numerical investigation on ship energy efficiency by Monte Carlo simulation. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 228(3), 220-234. doi:10.1177/1475090214524184STEPANCHICK, J., & BROWN, A. (2007). Revisiting DDGX/DDG-51 Concept Exploration. Naval Engineers Journal, 119(3), 67-88. doi:10.1111/j.1559-3584.2007.00069.xYoung, S., Newell, J., & Little, G. (2001). Beyond Electric Ship. Naval Engineers Journal, 113(4), 79-92. doi:10.1111/j.1559-3584.2001.tb00090.xTillig F, Ringsberg J, Mao W, et al. A generic energy systems model for efficient ship design and operation. Proc IMechE, Part M: J Engineering for the Maritime Environment 2017; 231(2): 649–666.Ballou, P. J. (2013). Ship Energy Efficiency Management Requires a Total Solution Approach. Marine Technology Society Journal, 47(1), 83-95. doi:10.4031/mtsj.47.1.5Reddy, T. A. (2011). Applied Data Analysis and Modeling for Energy Engineers and Scientists. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9613-8Creutzig, F., Baiocchi, G., Bierkandt, R., Pichler, P.-P., & Seto, K. C. (2015). Global typology of urban energy use and potentials for an urbanization mitigation wedge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(20), 6283-6288. doi:10.1073/pnas.1315545112Mueller, L., Jakobi, G., Czech, H., Stengel, B., Orasche, J., Arteaga-Salas, J. M., … Zimmermann, R. (2015). Characteristics and temporal evolution of particulate emissions from a ship diesel engine. Applied Energy, 155, 204-217. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.115Perera, L. P., & Mo, B. (2016). Data analysis on marine engine operating regions in relation to ship navigation. Ocean Engineering, 128, 163-172. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.10.029Bialystocki, N., & Konovessis, D. (2016). On the estimation of ship’s fuel consumption and speed curve: A statistical approach. 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Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications (DATA 2019)

[Abstract] The aim of this work is to propose different statistical and machine learning methodologies for identifying anomalies and control the quality of energy efficiency and hygrothermal comfort in buildings. Companies focused on energy sector for buildings are interested on statistical and machine learning tools to automate the control of energy consumption and ensure quality of Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) installations. Consequently, a methodology based on the application of the Local Correlation Integral (LOCI) anomaly detection technique has been proposed. In addition, the most critical variables for anomaly detection are identified by using ReliefF method. Once vectors of critical variables are obtained, multivariate and univariate control charts can be applied to control the quality of HVAC installations (consumption, thermal comfort). In order to test the proposed methodology, the companies involved in this project have provided the case study of a store of a clothing brand located in a shopping center in Panama. It is important to note that this is a controlled case study for which all the anomalies have been previously identified by maintenance personnel. Moreover, as an alternatively solution, in addition to machine learning and multivariate techniques, new nonparametric control charts for functional data based on data depth have been proposed and applied to curves of daily energy consumption in HVAC.Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; MTM2014-52876-RMinisterio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; MTM2017-82724-RXunta de Galicia; ED431C-2016-015Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia; ED431G/01 2016-19Centro de Investigación en Tecnoloxías da Información e as Comunicacións da Universidade da Coruña; PC18/03Escuela Politécnica Nacional of Ecuador; PII-DM-002-201

Analysis of the Influence Subjective Human Parameters in the Calculation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Buildings

[EN] In the present work, we analyze the influence of the designer's choice of values for the human metabolic index (met) and insulation by clothing (clo) that can be selected within the ISO 7730 for the calculation of the energy demand of buildings. To this aim, we first numerically modeled, using TRNSYS, two buildings in different countries and climatologies. Then, we consistently validated our simulations by predicting indoor temperatures and comparing them with measured data. After that, the energy demand of both buildings was obtained. Subsequently, the variability of the set-point temperature concerning the choice of clo and met, within limits prescribed in ISO 7730, was analyzed using a Monte Carlo method. This variability of the interior comfort conditions has been finally used in the numerical model previously validated, to calculate the changes in the energy demand of the two buildings. Therefore, this work demonstrated that the diversity of possibilities offered by ISO 7730 for the choice of clo and met results, depending on the values chosen by the designer, in significant differences in indoor comfort conditions, leading to non-negligible changes in the calculations of energy consumption, especially in the case of big buildings.This work was partially funded by grants OHMERA MAT2017-86453-R, FIS2017-83762-P and ENE2015-71333-R from MINECO (Spain). R. Robledo and M. Hernandez were supported by CONACYT grants 298503 and 296471, respectively. We also thanks to supporting given by the project number INFRA-187906 from the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology-CONACYT.Robledo-Fava, R.; Hernández-Luna, MC.; Fernández De Córdoba, P.; Michinel, H.; Zaragoza, S.; Castillo-Guzman, A.; Selvas-Aguilar, R. (2019). Analysis of the Influence Subjective Human Parameters in the Calculation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Buildings. 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S12-3 School-based physical activity promotion in a cross-cultural context: interventions from France and Spain

Abstract citation ID: ckad133.060 S12-3 School-based physical activity promotion in a cross-cultural context: interventions from France and Spai