Factores influyentes en el periodo de erupción del primer diente primario.

Introduction: Deciduous teeth play an important role in proper growth. Tooth eruption is a complicated process in which different mechanisms are involved. Early or delayed tooth eruption depends on different factors, with the impact of some already established. There are apparent controversy regarding the effect of some factors on time of the first deciduous tooth eruption among the conducted studies. The current study aimed to evaluate factors affecting the time of the first deciduous tooth eruption. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty eligible infants referring to the healthcare centers of Tabriz, Iran, were randomly selected; the demographic data including weight and height at birth, head circumference, mother’s age and level of education, birth rank in the family and type of feeding were recorded, in addition to the time of the first deciduous tooth eruption. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 by ANOVA and t test.Results: Out of 54.1% female and 45.9% male participating infants, 78.3% had normal weight at birth. Results showed a significant relationship between weight at birth and timing of the first deciduous tooth eruption, among the evaluated factors. Conclusions: Although no significant relationship was observed between gender, type of feeding, mother’s level of education and birth rank in the family, and time of the first deciduous tooth eruption, there was a significant relationship between the weight at birth and the timing of the first deciduous tooth eruption. Infants with higher or lower abnormal weight at birth had delayed deciduous tooth eruption.Introducción: los dientes primarios juegan un papel importante en el crecimiento adecuado. La erupción dental es un proceso complexo en el que intervienen diferentes mecanismos. La erupción temprana o tardía de los dientes depende de diferentes factores, con el impacto de algunos ya establecido. Existe controversia entre los estudios realizados con respecto al efecto de algunos factores que afectan la erupción del primero diente primario. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los factores que afectan el periodo de erupción del primero diente primario o temporal. Materiales y métodos: Ciento sesenta bebés referidos a los centros de salud de Tabriz, Irán, fueron seleccionados al azar; Se registraron los datos demográficos, incluidos el peso y la estatura al nacer, la circunferencia de la cabeza, la edad y el nivel de educación de la madre, el rango de nacimiento en la familia y el tipo de alimentación, además del momento de la primera erupción del diente primario. Los datos fueron analizados por ANOVA y t-test utilizando SPSS versión 21. Resultados: de los lactantes participantes (54,1% femeninos, 45,9% masculinos) el 78,3% tenía peso normal al nacer. Entre los factores evaluados, los resultados mostraron una relación significativa entre el peso al nacer y el momento de la erupción del primero diente primario. Conclusiones: aunque no se observó una relación significativa entre sexo, tipo de alimentación, nivel de educación de la madre y rango de nacimiento en la familia, y el period de erupción del primero diente primario, hubo una relación significativa entre el peso al nacer y el momento de la primera erupción dental decidua. En los lactantes con peso anormal al nacer se había retrasado la primera erupción de los dientes primarios

Anti-plaque efficacy of siwak as a mechanical tooth stick

Introduction: Dental plaque removal is an important goal in oral hygiene program. The public interest in herbal medicine and natural products has grown in the past few years. Siwak (Salvadora persica L. (kharijal)) is an ancient tooth stick that has preventive and therapeutic effects on oral cavity. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of siwak chewing sticks on plaque accumulation on tooth surface. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study 80 volunteer was selected randomly for complete the study chart. They were enrolled in the study for being in the one of the four study groups: active siwak, inactive siwak, usual tooth brush and no-oral hygiene. The participants wanted to use their instruction for 6 days. Base line (PI-1) and 3-day (PI-2) and 6-day (PI-3) plaque indexes was recorded by Sillness and Loe method. Data evaluation was done using SPSS-22 and Kruskal Wallis Test, Chi-Square Tests. Results: There was a significant reduction of the plaque index in PI-3 (p= 0.029). But in the others, there was no significant difference in the change of plaque index between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that siwak were able to reduce dental plaque as a mechanical tooth brush and if it uses in active form (fresh plant), the reduction of plaque accumulation is more prominent and effective

Evaluation the relationship between psychological profile and salivary cortisol in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases which are diagnosed with recurrent and painful ulcers. The possible association between psychological factors and salivary stress related factors in patients with aphthous ulcers has been discussed in various studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary cortisol level, anxiety, and depression in patients with RAS. Materials and Methods: In this case control study, 30 patients with RAS and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled by matching their age and sex. Anxiety and depression were assessed by beck anxiety inventory and beck depression inventory. Unstimulated saliva of both groups were collected and then tested by DiaMetra kit and the ELISA method. Data were analyzed by SPSS using an Independent t‑test and Mann–Whitney test. A statistical significance level of <0.05 was considered. Results: The mean salivary cortisol in the case group was 5.35 ng/ml and in the control group was 4.73 ng/ml which was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in anxiety and depression level between the two groups (P > 0.05). According to Spearman correlation coefficient, there was an average, negative, and significant correlation between salivary cortisol and anxiety and depression scores in the case group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that, although the mean salivary cortisol was slightly higher in patients with aphthous lesions, anxiety, and depression were not possible factors for RAS. There was a moderate, negative correlation between salivary cortisol level and stress and anxiety in patients with RAS. Key Words: Anxiety, aphthous, cortisol, depression, saliva, stomatiti

Psychological Evaluation of the Factors Affecting the Stress caused by COVID-19 Outbreak in the Medical Staff and the Community of Qazvin, Iran Spring 2020

Background: Since public health measures are the only way to control the spread of COVID-19, strict quarantine measures have done around the world. This condition will definitely not be without psychological effects. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the stress caused by COVID-19 in the medical staff and the general population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by a researcher-made questionnaire on 326 people in Qazvin province, Iran in the spring of 2020. The questionnaire consisted of 40 questions, in 3 sections: demographic information, general and main questions related to COVID-19 stress. The questionnaire was made available to the study population in Qazvin through virtual networks Results: Of the 326 participants (117 men and 209 women), 71 were medical staff members and 255 in the general population. The mean stress scores of the general population, the medical staff in the corona and noncorona department, were reported 28.7±8.4, 30.1±9 and 27.3±7.8, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the groups (p=0.374). In the medical staff, access to social response systems (p=0.02), considerable weight change (p=0.019) and reluctance to perform daily activities (p=0.001) were among the factors that had a significant relation with stress score. For the general population, sex (p=0.001), the presence of a high risk elderly person in the family (p=0.001), having a fatal case due to COVID-19 in the family (p=0.014), exacerbation of the underlying disease (p=0.003), job closure (p=0.007), etc had significant relations with stress score Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study, the level of stress in the study population was mild, but the psychological effects of coronavirus epidemics are undeniable. Access to psychological counseling systems can be an effective way to improve a person's mental state in quarantineKeywords: Stress, Outbreak, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Psychology