Principales causas asociadas a los intentos de suicidio en las y los pacientes que recibieron atención en le hospital, Dr. Alfonso Moncada Guillén en el Municipio de Ocotal, Nueva Segovia, Enero 2003 a Junio 2004

La población sujeto de estudio fueron los y las pacientes de los diferentes municipios del departamento de Nueva Segovia, que recibieron atención por intento de suicidio, en el Hospital Alfonso Moncada Guillén, y los informantes claves del municipio de Ocotal, en relación a la percepción del problema estudiado. El total de la muestra correspondió al total de 79 pacientes atendidos por intento de suicidio, en el Hospital Dr. Alfonso Moneada Guillén de enero 2003 a junio 2004 representado por el mismo universo de casos. Once informantes claves del municipio de Ocotal, en relación a la percepción sobre los factores que inciden en el intento de suicidio en el departamento de Nueva Segovia. La población más afectada por los intentos de · suicidio fue el grupo de 15 a 24 años, siendo los adolescentes el grupo que representa el mayor riesgo. En cuanto al sexo el grupo predominante fue el femenino, en su mayoría amas de casa de religión católica, con baja escolaridad, predominando el estado civil soltero/a. Los métodos mas utilizados son ~os plaguicidas y de ellos los órganos fosforados, los que adquieren en el hogar, por la accesibilidad y eficacia del método, además la estancia hospitalaria es de tres a cinco días promedio. Los informantes claves expresaron que el intento de suicidio es multifactorial, debido a problemas en el hogar, uso de drogas y soledad. Manifestando que estos son pacientes que no reciben todo el apoyo o ayuda necesari

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae as primary causes of acute otitis media in colombian children: a prospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most frequently encountered bacterial infections in children aged < 5 years; <it>Streptococcus pneumoniae </it>(<it>S. pneumoniae</it>) and non-typeable <it>Haemophilus influenzae </it>(NTHi) are historically identified as primary AOM causes. Nevertheless, recent data on bacterial pathogens causing AOM in Latin America are limited. This prospective study aimed to identify and characterize bacterial etiology and serotypes of AOM cases including antimicrobial susceptibility in < 5 year old Colombian children.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From February 2008 to January 2009, children ≥3 months and < 5 years of age presenting with AOM and for whom a middle ear fluid (MEF) sample was available were enrolled in two medical centers in Cali, Colombia. MEF samples were collected either by tympanocentesis procedure or spontaneous otorrhea swab sampling. Bacteria were identified using standard laboratory methods, and antimicrobial resistance testing was performed based on the 2009 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. Most of the cases included in the study were sporadic in nature.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 106 enrolled children, 99 were included in the analysis. Bacteria were cultured from 62/99 (63%) of samples with <it>S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or S. pyogenes</it>. The most commonly isolated bacteria were <it>H. influenzae </it>in 31/99 (31%) and <it>S. pneumoniae </it>in 30/99 (30%) of samples. The majority of <it>H. influenzae </it>episodes were NTHi (27/31; 87%). 19F was the most frequently isolated pneumococcal serotype (10/30; 33%). Of the 30 <it>S. pneumoniae </it>positive samples, 8/30 (27%) were resistant to tetracycline, 5/30 (17%) to erythromycin and 8/30 (27%) had intermediate resistance to penicillin. All <it>H. influenzae </it>isolates tested were negative to beta-lactamase.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>NTHi and <it>S. pneumoniae </it>are the leading causes of AOM in Colombian children. A pneumococcal conjugate vaccine that prevents both pathogens could be useful in maximizing protection against AOM.</p

Tannins, Peptic Ulcers and Related Mechanisms

This review of the current literature aims to study correlations between the chemical structure and gastric anti-ulcer activity of tannins. Tannins are used in medicine primarily because of their astringent properties. These properties are due to the fact that tannins react with the tissue proteins with which they come into contact. In gastric ulcers, this tannin-protein complex layer protects the stomach by promoting greater resistance to chemical and mechanical injury or irritation. Moreover, in several experimental models of gastric ulcer, tannins have been shown to present antioxidant activity, promote tissue repair, exhibit anti Helicobacter pylori effects, and they are involved in gastrointestinal tract anti-inflammatory processes. The presence of tannins explains the anti-ulcer effects of many natural products

Mitos y leyendas del pueblo indígena de Sutiaba, como contribución al rescate de la identidad cultural de León

Tesis (Lic. en Ciencias de la Educación y Humanidades con mención en Lengua y Literatura)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, LeónUNAN-Leó