Abdominal obesity: prevalence, sociodemographic- and lifestyle-associated factors in adolescents

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its associated factors among adolescents, independent of confounders. Methods: A sample of 14–17-year-old individuals (n=1.231), who were students from Londrina/PR-Brazil public schools, was studied. A questionnaire about physical activity, sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic conditions was applied. Anthropometry was composed of body weight (kg), height (m), body mass index (BMI=kg/m²) and waist circumference (cm). The association of abdominal obesity and independent variables was assessed using the chi-square test and the magnitude of associations was verified using Binary Logistic Regression in an unadjusted model and adjusted for confounders (gender, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behaviour). The confidence interval and statistical significance were set at 95% and 5%, respectively, using SPSS v15.0. Results: The abdominal obesity prevalence was 17.5% (CI = 15.4%–19.6%), and was higher in boys than in girls. Adolescents with abdominal obesity had higher values of body weight, height, body mass index and sedentary behaviour compared to eutrophic individuals. Being male increased the risk of abdominal obesity by 36% in adolescents. This risk was two times higher in those with high levels of sedentary behaviour. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with gender and high levels of sedentary behaviour, regardless of confounding factors. Lifestyle habits are important modifiable risk factors that can effectively contribute to the reduction of obesity from an early age

Comparison of resting heart rate measured using a cardiac monitor and an oscilometric device in adolescents: analysis of sensitivity and specificity

Study design: Experimental study Objectives: To assess the consistency and efficiency of an oscillometric device for measuring resting heart rate in adolescents. Methods: Data from adolescents of both sexes aged between 10 and 15 years were analyzed. Weight was measured using a digital scale and height, a stadiometer. Body mass index was calculated by dividing body weight by the height squared. The resting heart rate was measured with a heart rate monitor and an oscillometric device for measuring blood pressure. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the characteristics of the sample. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the relationship between the two devices. Reproducibility was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient and efficiency by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Moderate/high correlations were found (r=0.80) between the heart rate monitor and oscillometric device. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed values of 0.88 (0.66–0.96) for girls and 0.90 (0.82–0.95) for boys. The sensitivity was 70.0 (34.8–93.3) and 80.4 (28.4– 99.5) and the specificity 86.6 (69.3–96.2) and 90.0 (55.5–99.7) for boys and girls respectivelyDesenho do estudo: Estudo experimental Objetivos: avaliar a consistência e eficiência de um aparelho oscilométrico para medir frequência cardíaca em repouso em adolescentes. Métodos: Os dados de adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 15 anos foram analisados. O peso foi medido utilizando uma balança digital e altura, um estadiômetro. Índice de massa corporal foi calculado dividindo-se o peso corporal pela altura ao quadrado. A frequência cardíaca de repouso foi medida com um monitor de frequência cardíaca e um aparelho oscilométrico para medir a pressão arterial. A média e o desvio padrão foram utilizados para descrever as características da amostra. A correlação de Pearson foi usada para examinar a relação entre os dois dispositivos. A reprodutibilidade foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e eficiência pela curva ROC. Resultados: média / alta correlações foram encontrados (r = 0,80) entre o monitor de frequência cardíaca e aparelho oscilométrico. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse apresentaram valores de 0,88 (0,66-0,96) para as meninas e 0,90 (0,82-0,95) para os meninos. A sensibilidade foi de 70,0 (34,8- 93,3) e 80,4 (28.4- 99.5) e a especificidade de 86,6 (69,3-96,2) e 90,0 (55,5-99,7) para meninos e meninas, respectivament

Comparação da frequência cardíaca em repouso medida usando um monitor cardíaco e um aparelho oscilométrico em adolescentes: análise de sensibilidade e especificidade

Desenho do estudo: Estudo experimental Objetivos: avaliar a consistência e eficiência de um aparelho oscilométrico para medir frequência cardíaca em repouso em adolescentes. Métodos: Os dados de adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 15 anos foram analisados. O peso foi medido utilizando uma balança digital e altura, um estadiômetro. Índice de massa corporal foi calculado dividindo-se o peso corporal pela altura ao quadrado. A frequência cardíaca de repouso foi medida com um monitor de frequência cardíaca e um aparelho oscilométrico para medir a pressão arterial. A média e o desvio padrão foram utilizados para descrever as características da amostra. A correlação de Pearson foi usada para examinar a relação entre os dois dispositivos. A reprodutibilidade foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e eficiência pela curva ROC. Resultados: média / alta correlações foram encontrados (r = 0,80) entre o monitor de frequência cardíaca e aparelho oscilométrico. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse apresentaram valores de 0,88 (0,66-0,96) para as meninas e 0,90 (0,82-0,95) para os meninos. A sensibilidade foi de 70,0 (34,8- 93,3) e 80,4 (28.4- 99.5) e a especificidade de 86,6 (69,3-96,2) e 90,0 (55,5-99,7) para meninos e meninas, respectivamenteStudy design: Experimental study Objectives: To assess the consistency and efficiency of an oscillometric device for measuring resting heart rate in adolescents. Methods: Data from adolescents of both sexes aged between 10 and 15 years were analyzed. Weight was measured using a digital scale and height, a stadiometer. Body mass index was calculated by dividing body weight by the height squared. The resting heart rate was measured with a heart rate monitor and an oscillometric device for measuring blood pressure. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the characteristics of the sample. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the relationship between the two devices. Reproducibility was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient and efficiency by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Moderate/high correlations were found (r=0.80) between the heart rate monitor and oscillometric device. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed values of 0.88 (0.66–0.96) for girls and 0.90 (0.82–0.95) for boys. The sensitivity was 70.0 (34.8–93.3) and 80.4 (28.4– 99.5) and the specificity 86.6 (69.3–96.2) and 90.0 (55.5–99.7) for boys and girls respectivel

Up-regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase b pathway in the ovary of rats by chronic treatment with hCG and insulin

CNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifests as chronic anovulation, ovarian hyperandrogenism, and follicular cysts, which are amplified by insulin as well as the inability of the hormone to stimulate glucose uptake in classic target tissues such as muscle and fat. In the present study, we evaluated the regulation of the insulin-signaling pathways by using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting in whole extracts of ovaries from non-pregnant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-treated rats, hyperinsulinemic-induced rats and hyperinsulinemic-induced rats, treated with hCG for 22 consecutive days. There were increased associations of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 with phosphatidyl-inositol (PI) 3-kinase, followed by enhanced protein kinase B (Akt) serine and threonine phosphorylation, in the ovaries of rats that were treated with hCG, either alone or with insulin. In contrast, the skeletal muscle demonstrated a reduced IRS-1/PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway in hyperinsulinemic-induced rats. These intracellular modifications were accompanied by follicular cysts, detected by optical microscopy, and increased androstenedione serum levels. In summary, our data show that chronic treatment with hCG or hCG plus insulin can induce changes in ovaries that simulate PCOS. In these situations, an increase in the insulin-induced IRS/PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway occurs in the ovary, suggesting that the activation of this pathway may have a role in the development of PCOS. © 2006 Society for Endocrinology.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifests as chronic anovulation, ovarian hyperandrogenism, and follicular cysts, which are amplified by insulin as well as the inability of the hormone to stimulate glucose uptake in classic target tissues such as muscle and fat. In the present study, we evaluated the regulation of the insulin-signaling pathways by using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting in whole extracts of ovaries from non-pregnant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-treated rats, hyperinsulinemic-induced rats and hyperinsulinemic-induced rats, treated with hCG for 22 consecutive days. There were increased associations of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 with phosphatidyl-inositol (PI) 3-kinase, followed by enhanced protein kinase B (Akt) serine and threonine phosphorylation, in the ovaries of rats that were treated with hCG, either alone or with insulin. In contrast, the skeletal muscle demonstrated a reduced IRS-1/PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway in hyperinsulinemic-induced rats. These intracellular modifications were accompanied by follicular cysts, detected by optical microscopy, and increased androstenedione serum levels. In summary, our data show that chronic treatment with hCG or hCG plus insulin can induce changes in ovaries that simulate PCOS. In these situations, an increase in the insulin-induced IRS/PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway occurs in the ovary, suggesting that the activation of this pathway may have a role in the development of PCOS1902451459CNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOsem informaçãosem informaçã

Diagnostic Value and Application of Infrared Thermography in the Analysis of Circumanal Gland Tumors

In dogs, circumanal tumors are the third most common skin neoplasm. Circumanal gland adenomas (CAGAs) have a good prognosis. Contrastingly, circumanal gland adenocarcinomas (CAGAC) have high relapse rates and may be metastatic. This study aimed to investigate the utility of thermal imaging as an ancillary modality for the diagnosis of canine CAGA and CAGAC. We analyzed the following parameters: SpT, temperature measured at the tumor center; SpNT, temperature measured at a healthy sphincter skin spot distant from the tumor; TA, temperature measured at a tumor-encompassing ellipse-shaped area; and NTA, temperature measured at an ellipse-shaped area of the healthy sphincter skin distant from the tumor. In CAGAs, the mean SpT and SpNT temperature values differed by -1.45°C

Determinants of outpatient expenditure within primary care in the Brazilian National Health System

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: One of the big challenges facing governments worldwide is the financing of healthcare systems. Thus, it is necessary to understand the factors and key components associated with healthcare expenditure. The aim here was to identify demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical factors associated with direct healthcare expenditure within primary care, among adults attended through the Brazilian National Health System in the city of Bauru. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in five primary care units in Bauru (SP), Brazil. METHODS: Healthcare expenditure over the last 12 months was assessed through medical records of adults aged 50 years or more. Annual healthcare expenditure was assessed in terms of medication, laboratory tests, medical consultations and the total. Body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, age, sex, physical activity and smoking were assessed through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: The total healthcare expenditure for 963 participants of this survey was US$ 112,849.74 (46.9% consultations, 35.2% medication and 17.9% laboratory tests). Expenditure on medication was associated with overweight (odds ratio, OR = 1.80; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.07-3.01), hypertension (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.91-4.82) and moderate physical activity (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38-0.81). Expenditure on consultations was associated with hypertension (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.12-2.47) and female sex (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.14-2.55). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that overweight, lower levels of physical activity and hypertension were independent risk factors associated with higher healthcare expenditure within primary care

Changes in food intake, metabolic parameters and insulin resistance are induced by an isoenergetic, medium-chain fatty acid diet and are associated with modifications in insulin signalling in isolated rat pancreatic islets

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Long-chain fatty acids are capable of inducing alterations in the homoeostasis of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but the effect of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) is poorly elucidated. In the present study, we fed a normoenergetic MCFA diet to male rats from the age of 1 month to the age of 4 months in order to analyse the effect of MCFA on body growth, insulin sensitivity and GSIS. The 45 % MCFA substitution of whole fatty acids in the normoenergetic diet impaired whole body growth and resulted in increased body adiposity and hyperinsulinaemia, and reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In addition, the isolated pancreatic islets from the MCFA-fed rats showed impaired GSIS and reduced protein kinase B alpha (AKT(1)) protein expression and extracellular signal-related kinase isoforms 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, which were accompanied by increased cellular death. Furthermore, there was a mildly increased cholinergic sensitivity to GSIS. We discuss these findings in further detail, and advocate that they might have a role in the mechanistic pathway leading to the compensatory hyperinsulinaemic status found in this animal model.o TEXTO COMPLETO DESTE ARTIGO, ESTARÁ DISPONÍVEL À PARTIR DE AGOSTO DE 2015.1091221542165Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Melatonin improves insulin sensitivity independently of weight loss in old obese rats

In aged rats, insulin signaling pathway (ISP) is impaired in tissues that play a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis, such as liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Moreover, the aging process is also associated with obesity and reduction in melatonin synthesis from the pineal gland and other organs. the aim of the present work was to evaluate, in male old obese Wistar rats, the effect of melatonin supplementation in the ISP, analyzing the total protein amount and the phosphorylated status (immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting) of the insulin cascade components in the rat hypothalamus, liver, skeletal muscle, and periepididymal adipose tissue. Melatonin was administered in the drinking water for 8- and 12 wk during the night period. Food and water intake and fasting blood glucose remained unchanged. the insulin sensitivity presented a 2.1-fold increase both after 8- and 12 wk of melatonin supplementation. Animals supplemented with melatonin for 12 wk also presented a reduction in body mass. the acute insulin-induced phosphorylation of the analyzed ISP proteins increased 1.3- and 2.3-fold after 8- and 12 wk of melatonin supplementation. the total protein content of the insulin receptor (IR) and the IR substrates (IRS-1, 2) remained unchanged in all investigated tissues, except for the 2-fold increase in the total amount of IRS-1 in the periepididymal adipose tissue. Therefore, the known age-related melatonin synthesis reduction may also be involved in the development of insulin resistance and the adequate supplementation could be an important alternative for the prevention of insulin signaling impairment in aged organisms.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ São Paulo, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Inst Biomed Sci 1, BR-05508900 São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biol Sci, Diadema, SP, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Physiol, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biol Sci, Diadema, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc