Synthesis, Structure, and Antiproliferative Activity of Three Gallium(III) Azole Complexes

As part of our interest into the bioinorganic chemistry of gallium, gallium(III) complexes of the azole ligands 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (btd), 1,2,3-benzotriazole (btaH), and 1-methyl-4,5-diphenylimidazole (L) have been isolated. Reaction of btaH or btd with GaBr3 or GaCl3 resulted in the mononuclear complexes [GaBr3(btaH)2] (1) and [GaCl3(btd)2] (2), respectively, while treatment of GaCl3 with L resulted in the anionic complex (LH)2[GaCl4] (3). All three complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and IR spectroscopy, while their antiproliferative activities were investigated against a series of human and mouse cancer cell lines

Degradation of methylparaben by sonocatalysis using a Co–Fe magnetic carbon xerogel

The degradation of methylparaben (MP) through 20 kHz ultrasound coupled with a bimetallic Co-Fe carbon xerogel (CX/CoFe) was investigated in this work. Experiments were performed at actual power densities of 25 and 52 W/L, catalyst loadings of 12.5 and 25 mg/L, MP concentrations between 1 and 4.2 mg/L and initial pH values between 3 and 10 in ultrapure water (UPW). Matrix effects were studied in bottled water (BW) and secondary treated wastewater (WW), as well as in UPW spiked with bicarbonate, chloride or humic acid. The pseudo–first order kinetics of MP degradation increase with power and catalyst loading and decrease with MP concentration and matrix complexity; moreover, the reaction is also favored at near–neutral conditions and in the presence of dissolved oxygen. The contribution of the catalyst is synergistic to the sonochemical degradation of MP and the extent of synergy is quantified to be>45%. This effect was ascribed to the ability of CX/CoFe to catalyze the dissociation of hydrogen peroxide, formed through water sonolysis, to hydroxyl radicals. Experiments in UPW spiked with an excess of tert-butanol (radical scavenger), sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium acetate (surfactants) led to substantially decreased rates (i.e. by about 8 times), thus implying that the liquid bulk and the gas-liquid interface are major reaction sites. The stability of CX/CoFe was shown by performing reusability cycles employing magnetic separation of the catalyst after the treatment stage. It was found that the CX/CoFe catalyst can be reused in up to four successive cycles without noteworthy variation of the overall performance of the sonocatalytic process.This work is a result of: project “AIProcMat@N2020 - Advanced Industrial Processes and Materials for a Sustainable Northern Region of Portugal 2020”, with the reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); Project Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM – UID/EQU/50020/2019 – funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The long-run behaviour of the terms of trade between primary commodities and manufactures : a panel data approach

This paper examines the Prebisch and Singer hypothesis using a panel of twenty-four commodity prices from 1900 to 2010. The modelling approach stems from the need to meet two key concerns: (i) the presence of cross-sectional dependence among commodity prices; and (ii) the identification of potential structural breaks. To address these concerns, the Hadri and Rao (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 70:245–269, 2008) test is employed. The findings suggest that all commodity prices exhibit a structural break whose location differs across series, and that support for the Prebisch and Singer hypothesis is mixed. Once the breaks are removed from the underlying series, the persistence of commodity price shocks is shorter than that obtained in other studies using alternative methodologies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Synthesis, Structure, and Antiproliferative Activity of Three Gallium(III) Azole Complexes

As part of our interest into the bioinorganic chemistry of gallium, gallium(III) complexes of the azole ligands 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (btd), 1,2,3-benzotriazole (btaH), and 1-methyl-4,5-diphenylimidazole (L) have been isolated. Reaction of btaH or btd with GaBr3 or GaCl3 resulted in the mononuclear complexes [ GaBr3(btaH) 2] (1) and [ GaCl3(btd) 2] (2), respectively, while treatment of GaCl3 with L resulted in the anionic complex (LH)(2)[GaCl4] (3). All three complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and IR spectroscopy, while their antiproliferative activities were investigated against a series of human and mouse cancer cell lines

The effects of EU corn, cotton, and sugar beet policies on Greek producers: a multimarket analysis

This article examines the welfare effects of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) corn, cotton, and sugar beet regimes practiced in Greece after its 1981 entry into the European Union. Since Greek farmers produce corn, cotton, and sugar beets on the same land in different years, we model these markets as horizontally linked. By incorporating the demand for corn in our model, we take into account that corn is used as feed in livestock production. We use line integral theory to properly deal with the complications of welfare measurement in a multimarket setting. We estimate producer welfare effects of Greek corn, cotton, and sugar beet policy, and use bootstrapping techniques to obtain confidence intervals for the welfare measurements. Our analysis indicates that the income transfers to Greek farmers, (corn, cotton, and sugar beet growers as well as livestock producers considered as a total), rose between 1981 and 1992. The 1992 CAP reform led to a stabilization of income transfers to crop farmers, and lessened the negative impact on livestock producers. Copyright 2005 International Association of Agricultural Economics.