Measurement of ¯B0-B0 and ¯B0s - B0s production asymmetries in 7TeV pp collisions

The measurements of the ¯B0-B0 and ¯B0s - B0s production asymmetries, AP(B0) and AP(B0s) performed by LHCb, using pp collisions data at the centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb−1, are reported. Integrating over pT and η, in the ranges 4 < pT < 30 GeV/c and 2.5 < η < 4.5, the production asymmetries are found to be AP(B0) = −0.35 ± 0.76 (stat) ± 0.28 (syst)% and AP(B0s) = 1.09 ± 2.61 (stat) ± 0.61 (syst)%

Measurement of direct CP violation in the B0s → K−π+ decay

In this paper the measurement of direct CP violation in B0s → K−π+ and B0 → K+π− decays performed by the LHCb experiment is reviewed. Using pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected by LHCb at a center-of-mass energy of 7TeV, LHCb measured: ACP (B0s → K−π+) = 0.27 ± 0.04 (stat) ± 0.01 (syst). Furthermore, LHCb provided an improved determination of direct CP violation in B0 → K+π− decays ACP (B0 → K+π−) = −0.080 ± 0.007 (stat) ± 0.003 (syst)

Measurement of the B0B^0 - Bˉ0\bar{B}^0 and Bs0B^0_s - Bˉs0\bar{B}^0_s production asymmetries in pp collisions at s=7\sqrt{s}=7 TeV and s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the LHCb experiment

The production rate of $b$ and $\bar{b}$ hadrons in $pp$ collisions are not expected to be strictly identical, due to imbalance between quarks and anti-quarks in the initial state. This phenomenon can be naively related to the fact that the $\bar{b}$ quark produced in the hard scattering might combine with a $u$ or $d$ valence quark from the colliding protons, whereas the same cannot happen for a $b$ quark. This thesis presents the analysis performed to determine the production asymmetries of $B^0$ and $B^0_s$. The analysis relies on data samples collected by the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during the 2011 and 2012 data takings at two different values of the centre of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV and at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV, corresponding respectively to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb$^{-1}$ and of 2 fb$^{-1}$. The production asymmetry is one of the key ingredients to perform measurements of $CP$ violation in b-hadron decays at the LHC, since $CP$ asymmetries must be disentangled from other sources. The measurements of the production asymmetries are performed in bins of $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $\eta$ of the $B$-meson. The values of the production asymmetries, integrated in the ranges $4 < p_\mathrm{T} < 30$ GeV/c and $2.5<\eta<4.5$, are determined to be: \begin{equation}\ud A_\mathrm{P}(\B^0)= (-1.00\pm0.48\pm0.29)\%,\nonumber \end{equation} \begin{equation} A_\mathrm{P}(\B^0_s)= (\phantom{-}1.09\pm2.61\pm0.61)\%,\nonumber \end{equation} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The measurement of $A_\mathrm{P}(B^0)$ is performed using the full statistics collected by LHCb so far, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$, while the measurement of $A_\mathrm{P}(B^0_s)$ is realized with the first 1 fb$^{-1}$, leaving room for improvement. No clear evidence of dependences on the values of $p_\mathrm{T}$ and $\eta$ is observed. The results presented in this thesis are the most precise measurements available up to date

Motion event encoding in Russian in contrast with Italian: the role of prefixation and its means of expression in Italian.

В данной работе рассматривается лексикализация события движения в русском языке в сопоставлении с итальянским. Цель нашей работы двойная: с одной стороны, мы рассмотрим пространственную семантику выбранных нами глагольных префиксов и определим их семантический вклад в лексикализацию события движения. С другой стороны, мы проанализируем соответствия русских приставочных глаголов движения при переводе на итальянский язык. В частности, мы сосредоточимся на том, выражается ли вклад префикса, передается ли он полностью или частично, какие нюансы его пространственной семантики могут опускаться, а какие выражаются обязательно и какими языковыми средствами. Работа состоит из введения, трех глав и заключения. В Первой главе представляется теоретическая рамка, на которую опирается сопоставительный анализ. Рассматриваются понятия движения и перемещения согласно семантическим толкованиям, приведенным как в русскоязычной литературе, так и в работах на других языках. Кроме того, концептуализация пространства описывается в русле когнитивного подхода к изучению языка. Представлена классификация языков по лексикализации события движения, введенной Л. Талми, а также основные последующие исследования, посвященные лексикализации события движения в различных языках, проведенные в русле типологического подхода. Отдельный параграф первой главы посвящается вкладу исследований, проведенных Д. Слобиным в области лексикализации компонентов движения, в частности, способа движения в различных языках. Во Второй главе описываются система бесприставочных глаголов движения в русском языке и основные подходы к их изучению. Регулярно проводятся параллели с итальянской системой глаголов движения. Далее в этой главе представлен обзор системы приставочных глаголов движения русского языка. Отдельно мы рассматриваем главные подходы к изучению семантики глагольных префиксов, фокусируясь на их пространственных значениях. В Третьей главе представляется подбор глагольных префиксов с пространственной семантикой, выбранных для целей сопоставительного анализа. Для каждого префикса предлагается словарное толкование, описывается его пространственная семантика согласно концепциям, разработанным различными авторами, и проводится анализ контекстов употребления приставочных глаголов в русском языке и возможные стратегии их передачи на итальянский язык. Выводы изложены в заключении, прилагается также список литературы.The encoding of motion events has been and is the focus of numerous studies from both a typological and a cognitive perspective. Our work builds on the research conducted by Leonard Talmy and other scholars such as Dan I. Slobin in the description of the components of a motion event and the study of their expression from a cross-linguistic point of view. Starting from the classification proposed by Leonard Talmy, according to which languages can be traced back to two models of lexicalisation of the path of motion (satellite languages vs. verb-framed languages), in the course of the contrastive analysis it is observed how Russian and Italian, which can be traced back to the group of satellite languages and verb-framed languages respectively, can encode the components of a motion event in different ways. Particular attention is devoted to the role of verbal prefixation in the expression of the path of motion. Our work is composed as follows: an introduction, three chapters, conclusions and a reference list. The first chapter is devoted to presenting the state of the art and the theoretical framework that supports our contrastive study. The second chapter describes the linguistic means available to the two languages considered for expressing a motion event. The third chapter presents the contrastive analysis based on examples from the parallel Russian-Italian corpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. In the course of our contrastive analysis, two important facts emerge: the complex spatial semantics of Russian verbal prefixes characterised by the presence of several components that may or may not activate depending on the context, and the variety of strategies that can be applied in Italian to convey the semantics of Russian prefixed verbs of motion

Property tuning and supramolecular organization of oligo- and polythiophenes for applications in biology and organic electronics

My research activity was focused on the synthesis and characterization of novel thiophene-based oligomers and polymers for the preparation via self-assembly of nanoparticles (0D) and fibers (1D) aimed to application in organic electronics and biophotonics. The first chapter shows an overview of the most recent developments in synthesis and application of oligo- and polythiophenes as organic materials, highlighting the state of the art in synthetic procedures, performances in devices and application in biology as fluorescent probes. The second chapter reports the synthesis of novel classes of selectively sulphur-oxidized oligo- and polythiophenes. Oligomers and polymers containing thiophene-S,S-dioxide and thiophene-S-oxide units in the desired number and position are described. Examples of their application in devices and supramolecular organization inside live cells are given. The third chapter is dedicated to the preparation and characterization of polythiophene based nanoparticles for biophotonics. It is demonstrated that live cells easily uptake poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles (P3HT-NPs) without toxic effects while preserving their physiological functions. In addition, it is reported that P3HT-NPs can act as “photosensitizers” after internalization in live animals, Hydra vulgaris, modifying their behaviour and genic expression upon white light irradiation. Finally, the preparation of amino-reactive NPs, obtained from a properly functionalized polythiophene, is reported. The ability of the nanoparticles to remain docked on cell membrane and to act as phototransducers under illumination is demonstrated. The fourth chapter reports the synthesis and the supramolecular organization in crystalline, fluorescent and electro-active fibers of oligothiophenes possessing the same core properly functionalized. Further functionalization of the quaterthiophene with different electron withdrawing aromatic terminal units causes the variation of the electronic distribution without altering the growth modalities. In this way a wide tuning of the optical and redox properties of the fibers is obtained. Studies on the effects of the terminal substituents on charge transport properties are currently under way

Cooking system

This disclosure describes a cooking hob, particularly an induction cooking hob

IGRA test for TB in COVID-19: role of corticosteroids

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Semicrystalline Polythiophene-Based Nanoparticles Deposited from Water on Flexible PET/ITO Substrates as a Sustainable Approach toward Long-Lasting Solid-State Electrochromic Devices

info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/734834/EU FCT/MEC (UIDB/50006/2020). PhD grant SFRH/BD/139171/2018 from FCT/MCTES. We are very grateful to Dr. Carlos Pinheiro and Ynvisible company for discussions and assistance in the assembly of the electrochromic devices.We report the use of films of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) nanoparticles (P3HT-NPs) prepared with the reprecipitation method employing water as solvent in the absence of surfactants for solid-state electrochromic devices (ECDs) and prove that these displays present enhanced properties when compared to similar ECDs with thin films deposited from chloroform. Films of differently sized nanoparticles (100 to 400 nm) were prepared and spray-coated on flexible PET-ITO substrates and tested for electrochromic properties. ECDs with switching times (t(90)) of 4 s were obtained using P3HT-NPs with a diameter of 100 nm, while those built using P3HT thin film presented longer switching speeds over 13 s for reduction (bleached to colored state). Additionally, the devices were subjected to 1000 cycles using -1.5 V/1.5 V, and the displays using P3HT 100 nm NPs presented higher transmittances (Delta(T) = +/- 20%) when compared with devices with P3HT thin film due to a more efficient oxidation step. Our data show that the availability of colloidal nanoparticles made of conjugated polymers deposited from water is an environmentally sustainable strategy leading to electrochromic devices with improved properties.authorsversionpublishe

In Vivo Bioengineering of Fluorescent Conductive Protein-Dye Microfibers

Engineering protein-based biomaterials is extremely challenging in bioelectronics, medicine, and materials science, as mechanical, electrical, and optical properties need to be merged to biocompatibility and resistance to biodegradation. An effective strategy is the engineering of physiological processes in situ, by addition of new properties to endogenous components. Here we show that a green fluorescent semiconducting thiophene dye, DTTO, promotes, in vivo, the biogenesis of fluorescent conductive protein microfibers via metabolic pathways. By challenging the simple freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris with DTTO, we demonstrate the stable incorporation of the dye into supramolecular protein-dye co-assembled microfibers without signs of toxicity. An integrated multilevel analysis including morphological, optical, spectroscopical, and electrical characterization shows electrical conductivity of biofibers, opening the door to new opportunities for augmenting electronic functionalities within living tissue, which may be exploited for the regulation of cell and animal physiology, or in pathological contexts to enhance bioelectrical signaling

Insight on the Intracellular Supramolecular Assembly of DTTO: A Peculiar Example of Cell-Driven Polymorphism

The assembly of supramolecular structures within living systems is an innovative approach for introducing artificial constructs and developing biomaterials capable of influencing and/or regulating the biological responses of living organisms. By integrating chemical, photophysical, morphological, and structural characterizations, it is&nbsp;shown that the cell-driven assembly of 2,6-diphenyl-3,5-dimethyl-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene-4,4-dioxide (DTTO) molecules into fibers results in the formation of a “biologically assisted” polymorphic form, hence the term bio-polymorph. Indeed, X-ray diffraction reveals that cell-grown DTTO fibers present a unique molecular packing leading to specific morphological, optical, and electrical properties. Monitoring the process of fiber formation in cells with time-resolved photoluminescence, it is&nbsp;established that cellular machinery is necessary for fiber production and a non-classical nucleation mechanism for their growth is postulated. These biomaterials may have disruptive applications in the stimulation and sense of living cells, but more crucially, the study of their genesis and properties broadens the&nbsp;understanding of life beyond the native components of cells