LAS ZONAS VERDES COMO PROBLEMA DE GESTIÓN. Aportación desde el estudio de las zonas verdes estructurales en la provincia de Valencia: Especial consideración a los municipios de la comarca de La Safor

[EN] The current research focuses on the practical analysis of the urban management as a discipline inside the urban planning, responsible for turnning the plan into reality; without this function the sketched plan is rendered useless. Following our aim, the basic urban practices managed in our urban system are tested over a group of towns of the province of Valencia, in order to obtain free public land for green zones, through the checking of the rules established on the urban plans in comparison with the effective land obtained until the date. The previous analysis is carried out by means of the "structural green zones", such a significant as vulnerable element of urban systems in face of administration malfunction. Our itinerary allows us to classify and quantify the "structural green zones" of most towns, to demonstrate the problems coming from legal expropriation, as well as to discover the practical application and results after the implementation of unsystematic practices in urban areas. Regarding green zones development seen through the urban management study, we find a scene full of contradictions, which brings us some questions of a diverse nature such as: the general validity of standards of amenities, the criteria disparity of real estate valuation, the adequacy of urban law in small towns and wider scopes, as well as the need of a proper coordination between urban management and economic control of local treasuries. The main objective of the research is to provide the evidence of the problematic issues above mentioned and suggest the proposals for the improvement.[ES] La presente investigación centra su enfoque en el análisis práctico de la gestión urbanística, como disciplina, dentro del Urbanismo, responsable de llevar a la realidad la ordenación proyectada, sin cuyo adecuado funcionamiento, la ordenación dibujada es esfuerzo estéril. Con este fin se analiza la aplicación, en una muestra de municipios de la provincia de Valencia, de las técnicas básicas de gestión de que dispone nuestro ordenamiento urbanístico, encaminadas a la obtención de dotaciones públicas, contrastando las previsiones contenidas en sus respectivos planeamientos, con los resultados obtenidos a fecha de hoy. El análisis anterior se lleva a cabo utilizando como referente de estudio, las denominadas "zonas verdes estructurales", por ser un elemento significativo y vulnerable, que permite comprobar el funcionamiento de una parte esencial de nuestro sistema urbanístico. Nuestro itinerario, nos permite realizar una clasificación y cuantificación de las "zonas verdes estructurales" de que disponen la mayoría de municipios, evidenciar los problemas derivados de la petición de expropiación, así como descubrir la aplicación práctica y los resultados que se ha dado de las técnicas asistemáticas de gestión en suelo urbano. Observando el devenir de las zonas verdes objeto de estudio a través de la gestión urbanística, apreciamos una panorámica llena de contradicciones, que nos acerca a cuestiones de diversa índole como: la validez general de los estándares dotacionales, la disparidad de criterios en la valoración del suelo, la falta de adecuación de la legislación urbanística a los pequeños municipios y por extensión al territorio, así como la necesaria coordinación de la gestión urbanística con el control económico de las Haciendas Locales. Evidenciar las problemáticas anteriores, y realizar propuestas para su mejora, ha sido el objetivo principal de nuestra investigación.[CA] La present investigació centra el seu enfocament en l'anàlisi pràctica de la gestió urbanística, com a disciplina, dins de l'Urbanisme, responsable de portar a la realitat l'ordenació projectada, sense l'adequat funcionament del qual, l'ordenació dibuixada és esforç estèril. Amb aquesta finalitat s'analitza l'aplicació, en una mostra de municipis de la província de València, de les tècniques bàsiques de gestió de què disposa el nostre ordenament urbanístic, encaminades a l'obtenció de dotacions públiques, contrastant les previsions contingudes en els seus respectius planejaments, amb els resultats obtinguts a data d'avui. L'anàlisi anterior es porta a terme utilitzant com a referent d'estudi, les nomenades "zones verdes estructurals", per ser un element significatiu i vulnerable, que permet comprovar el funcionament d'una part essencial del nostre sistema urbanístic. El nostre itinerari, ens permet realitzar una classificació i quantificació de les "zones verdes estructurals" de què disposen la majoria de municipis, evidenciar els problemes derivats de la petició d'expropiació, així com descobrir l'aplicació pràctica i els resultats que s'ha donat de les tècniques asistemàtiques de gestió en sòl urbà. Observant l'esdevenir de les zones verdes objecte d'estudi a través de la gestió urbanística, apreciem una panoràmica plena de contradiccions, que ens acosta a qüestions de diversa índole com: la validesa general dels estàndards dotacionals, la disparitat de criteris en la valoració del sòl, la falta d'adequació de la legislació urbanística als xicotets municipis i per extensió al territori, així com la necessària coordinació de la gestió urbanística amb el control econòmic de les Hisendes Locals. Evidenciar les problemàtiques anteriors, i fer propostes per a la seva millora, ha estat l'objectiu principal de la nostra investigació.Gozalvo Zamorano, MJ. (2015). LAS ZONAS VERDES COMO PROBLEMA DE GESTIÓN. Aportación desde el estudio de las zonas verdes estructurales en la provincia de Valencia: Especial consideración a los municipios de la comarca de La Safor [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/59469TESISPremios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorale

Interaction between Dietary Vitamin D3 and Vitamin K3 in Gilthead Seabream Larvae (Sparus aurata) in Relation to Growth and Expression of Bone Development-Related Genes

Vitamins D and K are essential fat-soluble nutrients that intervene in bone development processes among other biological functions. The present study is aimed at investigating the potential combined effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin K3 (menadione) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae. For that purpose, seabream diets were supplemented with different combinations of vitamin D3/vitamin K3 (mg/kg diet) as follows: 0.00/0, 0.06/70, 0.06/170, 0.13/70, 0.13/170, 0.40/70, and 0.40/170. Feeding gilthead seabream larvae (22 days post hatch) for 21 days with the diets supplemented with 0.06-0.13 mg/kg vitamin D3 and 70 mg/kg vitamin K3 (diets 0.06/70 and 0.13/70) led to the highest larval growth and survival and the highest expression of important biomarkers of both bone development and health, such as bmp2, osx, and mgp, and calcium homeostasis, such as pthrp and casr. However, the increased supplementation with both vitamins at 0.40 mg/kg vitamin D3 and 170 mg/kg vitamin K3 (diet 0.40/170) reduced larval growth and survival, downregulated bmp2 and pthrp expressions, and upregulated osx and mgp, causing an unbalance in the relative expression of these genes. The results of the present study have shown the interaction between vitamin D3 supplementation and vitamin K3 supplementation in larval performance and gene expression related to bone development and calcium homeostasis, denoting the significance of a correct balance between both vitamins in larval diets.publishedVersio

Common allelic variants of the vitamin receptor D gene rs7975232 (Apai) do not influence bone mineral density figures in postmenopausal osteoporotic women

Este estudio examina la asociación entre la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y el polimosfirmo rs7975232 (ApaI) del gen receptor de la vitamina D (VDR). El polimorfismo es detectado mediante un PCR en tiempo real por el método TaqMan. El genotipo rs7975232, se determinó en 274 fracturas osteoporóticas en mujeres españolas posmenopáusicas, con 60.53±8.02 años. Las frecuencias genotípicas observadas estaban de acuerdo con el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (χ2=1.85, p=0.1736). No hubo diferencias significativas en el grupo genotipo rs7975232 de la muestra total de fracturas osteoporóticas por mujeres en edad, años después de la menopausia, la altura, el peso y la DMO en el cuello femoral, trochanter femoral y columna lumbar. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la edad de la menarca (aa vs Aa; P=0,008) y el IMC (aa vs AA; P=0.029). Concluimos que el gen VDR del polimorfismo rs7975232 no está relacionado con las cifras de la densidad mineral ósea en fracturas osteoporóticas en mujeres españolas.This study examined the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and the rs7975232 (ApaI) poly¬morphism of the vitamin receptor D (VDR) gene. The polymorphism was detected using the real-time PCR TaqMan method. The rs7975232 genotype was determined in 274 postmenopausal osteoporotic Spanish women who were 60.53±8.02 years old. The observed genotype frequencies were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2=1.85, P=0.1736). There were no significant differences in the rs7975232 genotype groups in our total sample of osteoporotic women regarding age, years since menopause, height, weight, and BMD at femoral neck, femoral trochanter and lumbar spine. Significant differences were found in menarche age (aa vs Aa; P=0.008) and BMI (aa vs AA; P=0.029). We conclude that the VDR gene rs7975232 polymorphism is not related to figures of bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic Spanish women.peerReviewe

Genetic selection for high growth improves the efficiency of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in using novel diets with insect meal, single-cell protein and a DHA rich-microalgal oil

Genetic selection and novel raw materials for aquafeeds are current key tools in the ongoing effort to increase the productivity, efficiency, and sustainability of the aquaculture sector. Selective breeding could also improve the utilization of novel dietary formulations with emergent ingredients. Gilthead sea bream juveniles, either coming from a selective breeding program based on growth traits, or a non-selected population, were nutritionally challenged with two novel dietary formulations that were compared with a Control diet based on 15% FM and 6% FO dietary commercial levels for this species. The novel formulations included an insect meal diet (INS) at 5% of the diet to replace 33.3% of the dietary FM, or a single-cell protein diet (SCP) at 10% of the diet and to replace 66.7% of the dietary FM. Fish oil was also totally replaced in these diets by a blend of poultry oil and Veramaris algal oil. Better growth and feed utilization of the selected genotype compared to non-selected fish was observed, at any of the diets assayed. INS and SCP novel diets reduced general performance of fish by reducing feed intake. However, selected fish fed novel diets showed very similar growth and lower feed conversion ratio compared with non-selected fish fed a control diet. The novel formulations increased n-3 LC-PUFA in fish tissues, particularly DHA, irrespective of the genotype, as a result of the dietary inclusion of the DHA-rich microalgal oil. Neither genetic selection nor the use of novel raw materials affected fillet proximate composition and consequently, sea bream fillet quality in terms of texture and sensorial perception of consumers. Overall, the results reaffirm the positive effects of selective breeding programs in improving sea bream key productive indicators, as well as support the use of novel dietary formulations, using insect meal from H. illucens, single-cell protein from M. capsulatus as partial replacers of FM in diets for gilthead sea bream (33 and 66% of replacement, respectively), and a blend of DHA-rich microalgal and poultry oils as total replacer of FO.This work was supported by the European Union‘s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 818367; AquaIMPACT—Genomic and nutritional innovations for genetically superior farmed fish to improve efficiency in European aquaculture.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lack of influence of vitamin D receptor bsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism on the rate of bone loss in a cohort of postmenopausal Spanish women affected by osteoporosis and followed for five years

Se ha realizado un estudio longitudinal para investigar la relación entre un polimorfismo en el gen receptor de la vitamina D (VDR) y los cambios en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y ultrasonido cuantitativo de las falanges (QUS) durante un período de cinco años. Los sujetos fueron 456 mujeres posmenopáusicas con osteoporosis en tratamiento, de edades comprendidas entre los 59,95±7,97 años (media ± desviación estándar [SD]) en la línea de base. Se midió la DMO en columna lumbar y la cadera mediante absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía y el QUS fue medido por medio de una velocidad que depende de la amplitud del sonido Ad SoS en las falanges. La información de estilo de vida se obtiene a través de un cuestionario. Las frecuencias de los genotipos BsmI (rs1544410) polimorfismo genético fueron 29,4%, 47,1% y 23,5%para bb, BB y BB, respectivamente. Después de cinco años, la DMO (variación anual en %/año) en el cuello femoral (FN) mostraron una modificación significativa sobre la base de la rs1544410 genotipo (BB vs Bb); hubo una disminución general de la masa ósea (0,70±2,79%/año; P = 0,025). Un análisis de covarianza con ajustes para la edad, peso, altura, porcentaje de cambio de peso por año, previsto la DMO y la ingesta de calcio mostraron que las asociaciones observadas ya no fueron significativas (P = 0,429). No se hallaron asociaciones significativas entre las mediciones QUS y el genotipo rs1544410 después del período de cinco años. Las limitaciones de nuestro estudio incluyen la falta de información sobre el tipo y la duración de la duración del tratamiento de la osteoporosis. Nuestros resultados indican que los polimorfismos rs1544410 no cuentan significativamente por los cambios en la masa ósea en mujeres españolas con osteoporosis en tratamiento.A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the relation between a polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and quantitative ultrasound of the phalanges (QUS) over a five-year period. The subjects were 456 postmenopausal women with steoporosis undergoing treatment, aged 59.95±7.97 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) at baseline. BMD was measured at the hips and lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and QUS was measured by means of amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad SoS) at the phalanges. Lifestyle information was obtained via a questionnaire. The genotype frequencies of the BsmI (rs1544410) gene polymorphism were 29.4%, 47.1%, and 23.5%for bb, Bb, and BB, respectively. After five years, BMD (annual change in %/year) at the femoral neck (FN) showed a significant modification based on the rs1544410 genotype (BB vs Bb); there was an overall decrease in bone mass (-0.70±2.79%/year; P = 0.025). An analysis of covariance with adjustments for age, weight, height, percentage of weight change per year, baseline BMD and calcium intake showed that the observed associations were no longer significant (P = 0.429). No significant associations were found between the QUS measurements and the rs1544410 genotype after the five-year period. Our study limitations includes lack of information about type and length of duration of the osteoporosis treatment. Our results indicate that rs1544410 polymorphisms do not account ignificantly for the changes in bone mass in Spanish women with osteoporosis undergoing treatment.peerReviewe

Lack of association of vitamin D receptor BsmI gene polymorphism with bone mineral density in Spanish postmenopausal women

La osteoporosis es un trastorno poligénico que está determinada por los efectos de varios genes, cada uno con efectos relativamente modestos en la masa ósea. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si el receptor de la vitamina D, único nucleótido polimorfismo BsmI, está asociado con la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de mujeres posmenopáusicas españolas. Un total de 210 mujeres posmenopáusicas sanas, mayores de 60 ± 8 años, fueron genotipificadas utilizando ensayos de genotipado SNP TaqMan® lumbar y la DMO femoral; y se determinó por la absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DEXA) la cantidad diaria de calcio y vitamina D. No se encontraron diferencias en el cuello femoral, trocánter, triángulo de salas, L2, L3, L4, L2-L4, o entre el cuello femoral y la DMO de cadera total tras el ajuste para posibles factores de confusión (P > 0,05) (edad, IMC, años después de la menopausia y la ingesta diaria de calcio). La BsmI polimorfismo en el gen VDR no se asoció con la DMO en mujeres posmenopáusicas españolas.Osteoporosis is a polygenic disorder that is determined by the effects of several genes, each with relatively modest effects on bone mass. The aim of this study was to determine whether the vitamin D receptor single nucleotide polymorphism BsmI is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in Spanish postmenopausal women. A total of 210 unrelated healthy postmenopausal women aged 60 ± 8 years were genotyped using TaqManR SNP Genotyping Assays. Lumbar and femoral BMD were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Daily calcium and vitamin D intake were determined by a food questionnaire. No differences were found in the femoral neck, trochanter, Ward’s Triangle, L2, L3, L4, L2-L4, or between the femoral neck and total hip BMD after further adjustment for potential confounding factors (P > 0.05) (age, BMI, years since menopause and daily calcium intake). The BsmI polymorphism in the VDR gene was not associated with BMD in Spanish postmenopausal women.peerReviewe

Effect of L-Hyp supplementation on collagen muscle histology, gene expression, growth performance, body composition and fillet texture on big size European sea bass (Dicentrarchux labrax)

Hydroxyproline (L-Hyp) is amply present in fishmeal but limited in plant-protein sources. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation with dietary L-Hyp on the distribution of collagen types in the muscle, and on the texture, survival rate, growth rate, feed utilization, body composition as well as the expression of the gene that encodes the pro-alpha2 chains of type I collagen (Col Iα2) of large European sea bass (initial body weight 609.21 ± 75.39 g) from high plant-protein diets. Four isoproteic (42 % crude protein) and isolipidic (20 % crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated adding 0.6 (HL diet), 1.2 (HM diet), and 2% (HH diet) L-Hyp, respectively. Three periods of feeding of 45, 99 and 143 days were studied. L-Hyp supplementation at 1.2 % and 2 % significantly improved specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In the white muscle, type I, IV collagen and trichromic stain were significantly higher in HH feed than the control diet. In the red muscle, only type I collagen was higher. HH diet, also increases Col Iα2 mRNA levels in muscle significantly. It can be concluded that the addition of crystalline l-Hyp at 1.2 % or 2 % in high plant-protein diets indicates positive effects on growth performance of adult European sea bass and increase in muscle total collagen deposition.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adaptación de los contenidos curriculares al modelo de aprendizaje inversos. Implementación de métodos basados en Flipped Learning

Depto. de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del ComportamientoFac. de PsicologíaFALSEsubmitte

Analysis of a superbolide from a Damocloid observed over Spain on July 13, 2012

A superbolide with an estimated absolute magnitude of-20±1was seen on 2012 July 13 over the centre and south of Spain. This extraordinary event, which was witnessed by numerous casual observers, was recorded in the framework of the continuous fireball monitoring and meteor spectroscopy campaign performed by the SPanish Meteor Network (SPMN). Thus, because of optimal weather conditions, the bolide was imaged from 10 meteor observing stations. Here we present the analysis of this magnificent event, which is the brightest fireball ever recorded by our team. The atmospheric trajectory of the bolide and the orbit in the Solar system of the parent meteoroid were obtained. The emission spectrum produced during the ablation of this particle is also discussed.We found that the meteoroid, which was following a Halley Type Comet orbit, was depleted in Na and had a tensile strength one order of magnitude higher than that corresponding to typical cometary materials. By means of orbital analysis tools we have investigated the likely parent body of this particle and the results suggest that the progenitor is a damocloid. The impact area of the hypothetical remnants of the meteoroid is also given and a search for meteorites was performed, but none was found.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación AYA2009-13227 AYA2009-06330-E AYA2011-26522Junta de Andalucía P09-FQM-455