Socio-spatial transformation of neighbourhoods around rail transit stations: an experience from Tehran, Iran

While increasing evidence suggests that rail infrastructure plays a structuring role in shaping and transforming cities and regions over time, empirical studies on the simultaneous development of rail infrastructure and socio-spatial transformation of surrounding neighbourhoods, especially at a local scale, are scarce. The main aim of the article is to evaluate the transformation of neighbourhoods around rail transit stations, as well as provide a possible explanation of how neighbourhoods can be differently affected by the presence of rail stations. Based on a longitudinal dataset (2006–16) and using a Difference-in-Differences (DID) model and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), a comparative analysis of the Tehran Metro Rail System (TMRS) is conducted between high-income neighbourhoods and low-income neighbourhoods of the city. The results yield that the northern, high-income neighbourhoods and the southern, low-income neighbourhoods of Tehran have been transformed heterogeneously in terms of socio-demographic factors, land-use conditions and renewal processes. The findings also indicate that the mixed estimated transformation of neighbourhoods around TMRS’s stations could be explained by the contextual factors of the northern and southern study settings in Tehran, including land-use characteristics and socio-economic factors

Access Road Construction of the Larsi Building Using Reinforced Earth Walls

Mountainous road construction is one of the most difficult and challenging problems in geotechnical engineering. Geometrical complexities and geotechnical conditions make them different from many other urban projects. Retaining wall system is a principal part of these projects. Reinforced Earth Wall system can be considered as an appropriate option for mountainous road construction. In this case history, access road construction of the LARSI building (Shemshak-Iran) is discussed. Shemshak is a tourist town which is located in southern hillsides of the Alborz Mountains. Therefore, the access road is an essential component particularly in cold seasons. Nine terraced levels of the reinforced earth wall were designed according to the geometrical considerations. The walls’ reinforcements were evaluated by TALREN 4 V.2.0.3. There had been some limitations, etc. which resulted in many challenges during the construction. This project was constructed in six months

Contributions of Ibn-Sina in pharmaceutical sciences

This chapter investigates about the contribution ofIbn-Sina in pharmaceutical sciences. Ibn-Sina was the most famous physician, philosopher, encyclopaedist, mathematician and astronomer at his time. The objective of this chapter is to investigate the contribution of Ibn-Sina in pharmaceutical sciences through his book; The Canon of Medicine. Ibn-Sina is chosen among Muslims Scientists because of these reasons: Ibn-Sina is a simply best represents the Iranian-Islamic scientific culture and medicine in history and he is a well recognized and respected in science and medicine throughout the world. The methodology adopted in this chapter is library based research and data is collected from reliable sources such as articles, journals and books. This chapter explores the findings of Ibn-Sina that using different methods of medications and treatment in pharmaceutical science

The moderator role of decision-making styles on relationship between personality and drug dependence vulnerability

Background: According to recent researches, decision-making style and personality traits play an important role in the drug dependence vulnerability. The aim of current research was to investigate the moderator role of decision-making styles on relationship between personality and drug dependence vulnerability.Materials and Methods: Two hundred and twenty students of Tehran Payame Noor University were selected randomly and completed NEO big five personality scale, general decision-making style questionnaire and risk of addiction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis.Results: The results of present study indicated that only neuroticism is able to predict risk of addiction. In addition, intuitive, dependent, spontaneous and avoidant decision-making style moderated the relationship between neuroticism and drug dependence vulnerability.Conclusions: The results showed that by changing the decision-making style, it is possible to prevent substance dependence disorders in vulnerable populations.