Oh, To Be A Barbarian! Reclaiming Medieval Law and the Exceptional Individual

The desire for the exceptional individual represented is analyzed in this project. The texts in this senior project represent how it is the systems of governance in place, especially during the medieval era in the East and Western-Europe, that celebrate this paradoxical position that the exceptional individual holds within the confines of a structured society. They embrace the chaos these exceptional individuals represent in a way that modern day justice systems find it hard to fathom. The Western-European feudal system encourages hero figures, like Roland, Lancelot, and William Marshal, to emerge from the average honorable man. Similarly in a system seemingly alternate to its Western-European counterpart, the Eastern system of justice, informed by the Holy Law and Islamic jurisprudence, not only allows the common man to be exceptional but rather any man, even the sultans meant to uphold the law. It contains an equalizing nature for all Muslims existing within the Islamic belief system. In Western-European, the exceptional individual who exists outside of the system while also upholding it more often than not must be a nobleman who is either a knight or a common man. It is rare to see a king as an exceptional individual who is applauded for existing outside of the system for the system stems from the throne. The premise of power in Western-Europe comes from the king and thus must be upheld to a degree not attributed to the common man, by said king. In the East, however, while distinction is made between vassal and lord, sultan and commoner, they are all equal in the eyes of their ultimate Lord, Allah (SWT), with this belief acting as the ultimate unifier allowing for even a sultan to be a chaotic individual existing outside of the system yet still an integral part of it. Ultimately however, both of these set structures of justice, to different degrees, promote exceptionalism in individuals in a manner that would be considered rebellion in our modern day. This project works to prove that there has always been a desire in history for the exceptional even if it breaks the rule of law

Acoustics-turbulence interaction

An investigation of the instability frequency was undertaken. Measurements revealed that the hot wire probe induces and sustains stable upstream oscillation of the free shear layer. The characteristics of the free shear layer tone are found to be different from the slit jet wedge edgetone phenomenon. The shear tone induced by a plane wedge in a plane free shear layer was then examined in order to further document the phenomenon. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the tone fundamental show agreement with the spatial stability theory. A comprehensive summary of the results is also included

Supersonic jet mixing enhancement by delta-tabs

The results of a continuing investigation of the effect of vortex generators, in the form of small tabs at the nozzle exit, on the evolution of a jet are reported. Primarily, tabs of triangular shape are considered, and the effect is studied up to an equivalent jet Mach number of 1.8. By changing the orientation of the tab with respect to the nozzle exit plane, streamwise vortex pairs of opposite sign were generated. This resulted in either an outward election of jet core fluid into the ambient or an inward indentation of the mixing layer into the core of the jet. A triangular shaped tab with its apex leaning downstream, referred to as a delta tab, was found to be the most effective in influencing the jet evolution. Two delta tabs, spaced 180 degrees apart, completely bifurcated the jet. Four delta tabs increased jet mixing substantially, more than by various other methods tried previously; the mass flux at fourteen jet diameters downstream from the nozzle increased by about 50 percent over that for the no tab case. The tabs were found to be effective in jets with laminar or turbulent boundary layers as well as in jets with low or high core turbulence intensities

EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL UNANI SHAMPOO USED IN DANDRUFF

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the laboratory parameters of polyherbal Unani formulation with simple shampoo base used in seborrheic dermatitis (Huzaz) of scalp. Methods: Evaluation of test drug formulation with shampoo base was done for its appearance, pH, % of solid contents, wetting time, density, viscosity, dirt dispersion test, froth test, and skin irritation test. Results: Polyherbal formulation along with simple shampoo base was dark brown in color, thin in consistency, and with pungent aroma. pH of poly herbal formulation was 8.27 which will have positive effect on greasy and thin hairs. Solid contents were moderately easy to wash. Wetting time was 200 s, density was 1.17 g, and viscosity was 2.33 moderately good. Froth test showed froth >8 cm. Skin sensitivity on albino rats showed no allergic reaction. Conclusion: Polyherbal Unani formulation can be a promising drug with least side-effects and cost-effective in treating dandruff which relapses every now and then

Effect of tabs on the evolution of an axisymmetric jet

The effect of vortex generators, in the form of small tabs at the nozzle exit, on the evolution of an axisymmetric jet was investigated experimentally over a jet Mach number range of 0.34 to 1.81. The effects of one, two, and four tabs were studied in comparison with the corresponding case without a tab. Each tab introduced an indentation in the shear layer, apparently through the action of streamwise vortices which appeared to be of the trailing vortex type originating from the tips of the tab rather that of the necklace vortex type originating from the base of the tab. The resultant effect of two tabs, placed at diametrically opposite locations, was to essentially bifurcate the jet. The influence of the tabs was essentially the same at subsonic and supersonic conditions indicating that compressibility has little to do with the effect

An inversion procedure for the recovery of propagation speed and damping of the medium

We consider the one-dimensional inverse problem of determining variations in propagation speed taking into account damping of the medium. We also consider the inverse problemof recovering variations in damping fromobserv ations of signals which pass through the medium of interest. Our method is based on the linearized inversion associated with Born’s approximation. Thus we assume wave speed and damping are well approximated by the background plus the perturbation. We exploit the high-frequency character of seismic data. Therefore, we use WKBJ Green’s function in deriving our inversion representation

Working toward decreasing infant mortality in developing countries through change in the medical curriculum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High infant and maternal mortality rates are one of the biggest health issues in Pakistan. Although these rates are given high priority at the national level (Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, respectively), there has been no significant decrease in them so far. We hypothesize that this lack of success is because the undergraduate curriculum in Pakistan does not match local needs. Currently, the Pakistani medical curriculum deals with issues in maternal and child morbidity and mortality according to Western textbooks. Moreover, these are taught disjointedly through various departments. We undertook curriculum revision to sensitize medical students to maternal and infant mortality issues important in the Pakistani context and educate them about ways to reduce the same through an integrated teaching approach.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The major determinants of infant mortality in underdeveloped countries were identified through a literature review covering international research produced over the last 10 years and the Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2006-07. An interdisciplinary maternal and child health module team was created by the Medical Education Department at Shifa College of Medicine. The curriculum was developed based on the role of identified determinants in infant and maternal mortality. It was delivered by an integrated team without any subject boundaries. Students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes were assessed by multiple modalities and the module itself by student feedback using questionnaires and focus group discussions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Assessment and feedback demonstrated that the students had developed a thorough understanding of the complexity of factors that contribute to infant mortality. Students also demonstrated knowledge and skill in counseling, antenatal care, and care of newborns and infants.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A carefully designed integrated curriculum can help sensitize undergraduate medical students and equip them to identify and address complex issues related to maternal and infant mortality in underdeveloped countries.</p

Evaluation and Performance Improvement of Antasari Intersection Banjarmasin City

The problem of signalized intersection is caused by the traffic volume continually increasing each year, automatically contributing high delay and frequent congestion and One indicator of traffic congestion at the roundabout is a decrease in vehicle speed [1]. Today's operated traffic lights have not yet capable of overcoming congestion which often occurs in the peak hours. The existing condition on intersection has not yet been able to accommodate the populous traffic volume; it can be seen from each of intersection foot while experiencing the vehicles daley. The imprecised existing condition on the Antasari intersection in Banjarmasin, is seen from the 4-phase control with the cycle time at 177 seconds, the degree of saturation is ≥ 0.85, and the delay is ≥ 60 seconds; making it categorized as the intersection with F-level of service (the worst). This research aims to analyse the existing condition of the Antasari intersection's performance, and to obtain some handling alternatives of Antasari intersection, with some approaches. To increase the performance of Banjarmasin's Antasari intersection, some handling alternatives are executed, such as: the control of Cycle Time, the control of phase direction (phase simulation), and the phase change by using KAJI program. Based on the field data, obtained the performance of Banjarmasin's Antasari intersection in existing condition: the cycle time is 177 seconds, degree of saturation is 2,879 or ≥ 0.85, delay is 963 seconds/pcu or ≥ 60 seconds/pcu, and the worst service level (F-level). In some intersection handling alternative results, there comes one alternative that is able to increase the intersection performance: through the phase simulation stages, with the phase adjustment of the north – south of KolonelSugiono streetamd the east – west of PangeranAntasari street, then the acquired results of the Service Level-C are: the delay value (D) is 23.33 seconds/pcu or ≤ 25 seconds/pcu, the degree of saturation (DS) is 0.671 or ≤ 0.85, and the cycle time (CT) is 67 seconds or ≤ 80 seconds

Dispersion of Love waves in a stochastic layer

We consider the problem of propagation of Love waves in an elastic layer of uniform thickness overlying a half-space. The layer is assumed to have elastic properties which vary randomly with position. The mean field in the layer is obtained using the smoothing method. Some interesting cases are described graphically