METABOLIC RESPONSES ON the EARLY SHIFT

Shiftwork has been associated with a higher propensity for the development of metabolic disorders and obesity. the aim of the study was to investigate concentrations of glucose, cortisol, and insulin among fixed night workers (n = 9), fixed early morning workers (n = 6), and day workers (n = 7). Food intake was recorded for 7 days using a diary. Blood samples were collected every 4 h over the course of 24 h, yielding six samples. Total carbohydrate intake was lowest (p < .0005), whereas fat (p = .03) and protein (p < .0005) were highest on the early morning shifts. Early morning workers also had overall elevated cortisol levels relative to the other two groups. Cortisol levels appeared to be more influenced by time since waking prior to the shift than by time-of-day. Cortisol was highest for the early morning group than the day group 12 h after waking, and both the early morning and night groups had higher levels than the day group 16 h after waking (p < .05 in all cases). in contrast, the homesostatsis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) appeared to be more influenced by time-of-day than by time since waking prior to the shift. the early morning group had higher levels of HOMA-IR at 08: 00 h than the other groups (p < .05). in conclusion, the early morning group had the highest overall concentrations of cortisol and tended to have higher levels of HOMA-IR, indicating that more attention should be given to these workers. Moreover, all three groups showed pronounced cortisol levels on awakening, suggesting that they may have adjusted to their awaking time. (Author: [email protected])Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Paris 05, Lab Anthropol Appl Ergon Comportement & Interact, EA 4070, Paris, FranceSwansea Univ, Body Rhythms & Shiftwork Ctr, Dept Psychol, Swansea, W Glam, WalesCEPE, São Paulo, BrazilConselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cient & Tecnol CNPq, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Relação entre apneia obstrutiva do sono e obesidade: uma revisão sobre aspectos endócrinos, metabólicos e nutricionais

ABSTRACT Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: a review of endocrine, metabolic and nutritional aspectsCurrently OSAS is recognized as an independent predictor for obesity, and this, in turn, is characterized as the main risk factor for OSAS. This article aims to review the existing literature on the relationship between OSA and obesity, whereas endocrine and metabolic aspects of this relationship and to discuss the role of weight loss in the treatment of this syndrome. Several studies have shown that OSA is directly associated with endocrine disorders such as leptin levels and ghrelin, hormones related to hunger and satiety, and can contribute to increased insulin resistance and cortisol, increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular. Whereas OSAS is an independent risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as well as being strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance, various treatments have been currently proposed, including surgery, oral appliances, CPAP use, as well as changes in lifestyle, which focus on inclusion of exercise and decreased calorie intake, which promotes the reduction of anthropometric measurements and improvement in AHI and respiratory parameters. It is concluded that OSA and obesity trigger endocrine and metabolic disorders, which can negatively affect the health of the individual. Thus, it can be said that the reduction of body mass is clinically important for obese patients with OSAS and should be a measure of important attention in the treatment of this disease.Atualmente a SAOS é reconhecida como um preditor independente para a obesidade, e esta, por sua vez, caracteriza-se como o principal fator de risco para a SAOS. Com isso, o presente artigo visa revisar a literatura existente sobre a relação entre SAOS e obesidade, considerando os aspectos endócrinos e metabólicos desta relação, bem como discutir o papel da perda de peso no tratamento desta síndrome. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que a SAOS está diretamente associada às alterações endócrinas, como os níveis de leptina e grelina, hormônios relacionados a fome e saciedade, bem como pode contribuir para o aumento da resistência à insulina e do cortisol, elevando o risco de doenças crônicas, como as cardiovasculares. Considerando que a SAOS é fator de risco independente para hipertensão e doenças cardiovasculares, além de ser fortemente associada com a obesidade e a resistência à insulina, diversos tratamentos têm sido propostos atualmente, incluindo cirurgias, aparelhos intra orais, uso de CPAP, bem como mudanças de estilo de vida, as quais focam na inclusão de exercícios físicos e diminuição da ingestão calórica, o que promove a redução de medidas antropométricas e melhora no IAH e parâmetros respiratórios. Conclui-se que a SAOS e a obesidade desencadeiam alterações endócrinas e metabólicas, as quais podem atuar negativamente na saúde do indivíduo. Desta forma, pode-se afirmar que a redução da massa corporal é clinicamente importante para pacientes obesos com SAOS, devendo ser uma medida de importante atenção no tratamento desta doença.

Relação entre apneia obstrutiva do sono e obesidade: uma revisão sobre aspectos endócrinos, metabólicos e nutricionais

Atualmente a SAOS é reconhecida como um preditor independente para a obesidade, e esta, por sua vez, caracteriza-se como o principal fator de risco para a SAOS. Com isso, o presente artigo visa revisar a literatura existente sobre a relação entre SAOS e obesidade, considerando os aspectos endócrinos e metabólicos desta relação, bem como discutir o papel da perda de peso no tratamento desta síndrome. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que a SAOS está diretamente associada às alterações endócrinas, como os níveis de leptina e grelina, hormônios relacionados a fome e saciedade, bem como pode contribuir para o aumento da resistência à insulina e do cortisol, elevando o risco de doenças crônicas, como as cardiovasculares. Considerando que a SAOS é fator de risco independente para hipertensão e doenças cardiovasculares, além de ser fortemente associada com a obesidade e a resistência à insulina, diversos tratamentos têm sido propostos atualmente, incluindo cirurgias, aparelhos intra orais, uso de CPAP, bem como mudanças de estilo de vida, as quais focam na inclusão de exercícios físicos e diminuição da ingestão calórica, o que promove a redução de medidas antropométricas e melhora no IAH e parâmetros respiratórios. Conclui-se que a SAOS e a obesidade desencadeiam alterações endócrinas e metabólicas, as quais podem atuar negativamente na saúde do indivíduo. Desta forma, pode-se afirmar que a redução da massa corporal é clinicamente importante para pacientes obesos com SAOS, devendo ser uma medida de importante atenção no tratamento desta doença. ABSTRACT Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: a review of endocrine, metabolic and nutritional aspectsCurrently OSAS is recognized as an independent predictor for obesity, and this, in turn, is characterized as the main risk factor for OSAS. This article aims to review the existing literature on the relationship between OSA and obesity, whereas endocrine and metabolic aspects of this relationship and to discuss the role of weight loss in the treatment of this syndrome. Several studies have shown that OSA is directly associated with endocrine disorders such as leptin levels and ghrelin, hormones related to hunger and satiety, and can contribute to increased insulin resistance and cortisol, increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular. Whereas OSAS is an independent risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as well as being strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance, various treatments have been currently proposed, including surgery, oral appliances, CPAP use, as well as changes in lifestyle, which focus on inclusion of exercise and decreased calorie intake, which promotes the reduction of anthropometric measurements and improvement in AHI and respiratory parameters. It is concluded that OSA and obesity trigger endocrine and metabolic disorders, which can negatively affect the health of the individual. Thus, it can be said that the reduction of body mass is clinically important for obese patients with OSAS and should be a measure of important attention in the treatment of this disease

Anthropometric Profile of Latin American Population: Results from the ELANS Study

Background: Latin America has experienced changes in lifestyle since 1960. Aim: The aim was to determine the prevalence of obesity and stunting among eight countries of Latin American and to identify the determinant risk factors for obesity. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from 9,218 participants of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a multicenter cross-sectional study of the representative samples in eight Latin American countries. All the participants completed a standard protocol to investigate the nutrient intake and anthropometric variables (weight, height, and circumferences) analyzed by country, gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Results: The prevalence of obesity was higher in Costa Rica and Venezuela (29%) and lower in Colombia (16%), stunting was reported higher in Peru (47%) and lower in Argentina (17%), and waist and neck circumferences showed the higher values in Costa Rica (43%) and Chile (52%) and lower values in Colombia (23 and 26%). Conclusion: This study indicates an increasing trend toward overweight and obesity that are associated with lower socioeconomic status, being a woman, and concurs with inadequate intakes of calcium, which may be related to poor quality diet and in the long term could constitute risk factors for the chronic diseases and a health burden to the region.Coca Cola Company///Estados UnidosFerrero///ItaliaHospital Infantil Sabará///BrazilInternational Life Science Institute//ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela//UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú///PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin