Nitrogen Fixation And Vegetative Growth Of Immature Oil Palm Inoculated With Bacillus Sphaericus (Strain Upmb-10)

Inorganic-N fertilizer is the most widely used input in agriculture and it is a major factor that limits crop growth and yield. However, excessive use of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer could lead to hazardous effect to the agro-environment. Besides that, it would also increase total production cost of the agricultural sector especially in the oil palm industry, the largest income generator to Malaysian agricultural economy. Rapid losses of fertilizer-N through leaching would further increase the cost on oil palm production and make the sector less profitable. In recent times, there is an increased attention to biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) as an alternative or supplement to nitrogenous fertilizers through application of associative N2-fixing rhizobacteria which could be applied to oil palm. These beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been reported to be efficient in fixing atmospheric nitrogen and stimulating growth of leguminous and non- leguminous crops. Thus, it could be used as a biofertilizer and bioenhancer for most crops. However, there has been no report on the beneficial effect of PGPR on early growth of young oil palms under field conditions. A field trial using 15N isotope was conducted to estimate the N2 fixing capacity of a single strain N2-fixing rhizobacterium, Bacillus sphaericus UPMB-10, and assess its effects on early growth of young oil palms. Results from a 240-day (D240) field experiment indicated that the Bacillus sphaericus rhizobacterial strain UPMB-10 is a potential biofertilizer for oil palm seedlings with a N2 fixing capacity of 63% Ndfa (N derived from atmosphere) (78 g N2 fixed palm-1) of the total N requirement of young oil palms (equivalent to 12 kg N ha-1 at 148 palms ha-1) over 8 months. B. sphaericus UPMB-10 inoculation stimulated higher N content (125 g palm-1) as compared to the uninoculated control (90 g palm-1) and also promoted a total dry matter accumulation of 11 kg palm-1 in comparison to the control, 8 kg palm-1. Present study also showed significant differences in two of the four physical parameters (leaflet numbers, rachis lengths, cross-sections of petioles and leaf area) of vegetative growth of young oil palm inoculated with strain UPMB-10 at D120. B. sphaericus UPMB-10 inoculation stimulated leaflet numbers and leaf area at 123.4 ± 2.5 and 1.57 ± 0.05 m2, respectively, as compared to Uninoculated + 2/3Ni palms at 115.6 ± 2.2 and 1.43 ± 0.05 m2, respectively, at D120. However, no significant response was observed at D240. Thus, the study showed that the significant total N2 fixed does not correlate significantly with physical parameters at the later stage (D240) of vegetative growth. This phenomenon is caused by unstable development of immature oil palm under field planting. This was also true for dry matter and Total-N yield analyses at D240 which were not statistically significant although they showed incremental trends. The frond (leaflets plus rachis) of the young oil palm is the most likely vegetative component to be adopted as representative of the whole palm for future N2 fixation studies based on the % Ndfa values of the frond (70%) and whole palm (63%) which did not deviate significantly. This new approach will make such field studies more cost effective and time saving. B. sphaericus UPMB-10 inoculation is more effective in delivering N to the immature palms than nitrogenous fertilizer. The reduction (63%) in inorganic-N fertilizer rates due to the incorporation of the inoculum and the resultant N2 fixation could subsequently reduce the cost of nitrogenous fertilizer. The above findings provided evidence that locally isolated B. sphaericus UPMB-10 has the potential to effectively supplement inorganic-N fertilizer for sustainable cultivation of young oil palm

16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria associated with pepper(Piper nigrum L.)

Fourteen indigenous rhizobacterial isolates from pepper (Piper nigrum L.) rhizosphere were successfully identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, namely Acinetobacter radioresistens (UPMLH1), Bacillus spp. (UPMLH8, UPMLH23, UPMLH34 and UPMLH43), Bacillus cereus (UPMLH1, UPMLH13, UPMLH24, UPMLH41 and UPMLH42), Bacillus megaterium (UPMLH3 and UPMLH22), Bacillus subtilis (UPMLH5) and Leclercia sp. (UPMLH2). All the identified strains were successfully positioned in the 16S rRNA based phylogenetic tree at the nucleotide and the amino acid sequence levels. Present study found that the relationship structure of translated amino acid phylogenetic tree was simpler than nucleotide based phylogenetic tree. Both phylogenetic trees contained two phyla, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with the Firmicutes were the largest proportion of the isolates recovered from this study

16S rRNA Phylogenetic Analysis of the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Associated with Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

Fourteen indigenous rhizobacterial isolates from pepper (Piper nigrum L.) rhizosphere were successfully identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, namely Acinetobacter radioresistens (UPMLH1), Bacillus spp. (UPMLH8, UPMLH23, UPMLH34 and UPMLH43), Bacillus cereus (UPMLH1, UPMLH13, UPMLH24, UPMLH41 and UPMLH42), Bacillus megaterium (UPMLH3 and UPMLH22), Bacillus subtilis (UPMLH5) and Leclercia sp. (UPMLH2). All the identified strains were successfully positioned in the 16S rRNA based phylogenetic tree at the nucleotide and the amino acid sequence levels. Present study found that the relationship structure of translated amino acid phylogenetic tree was simpler than nucleotide based phylogenetic tree. Both phylogenetic trees contained two phyla, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with the Firmicutes were the largest proportion of the isolates recovered from this study

Effect of Supplementing Ground Leaf of Misai (Orthosiphon stamineus) in Diet on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

The use of herbs in animal nutrition is one of the important approaches in overcoming the disadvantages of excessive use of artificial chemicals in animal nutrition. The present study was done to evaluate response of broilers feeding on a diet supplemented with the ground leaf of misai (Orthosiphon stamineus). The birds in this, study were 160 one-day-old male broiler chickens, given ad libitum water and feed for up to 20 days. Treatments were given to 21-day-old male broiler chickens. Data was collected and evaluated after slaughtering 42-day- male broiler chickens. It was shown that supplementing broiler diets with O. stamineus powdered leaf at a rate of 8 g/kg resulted in growth performance comparable to tetracycline and Vitamin E supplementation. It was also shown that supplementing the diet with 8 g/kg O. stamineus had a blood enzyme-lowering effect. In broilers receiving tetracycline supplementation, however, significant serum enzyme activity was observed. Results also showed that 8 g/kg of ground O. stamineus leaf in the diet was equivalent to 200 mg/kg Vitamin E supplementation. Therefore, O. stamineus leaf powder can promote organic, safe, and sustainable broiler chicken production, and as diet supplement

Serum biochemical properties and liver morphology of broiler chicken as affected by feeding Misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) as supplement diet

To evaluate the effects of ground leaf of Misai kucing ( Orthosiphon stamineus ) as a dietary supplement on serum biochemical parameters and liver morphology. One hundred and sixty one-day old male broiler chickens (n=160) were distributed into four treatment groups, with five replicates of eight birds in each group: the control group (diet without additives); the group dietary treatments, Diet OS2 (Basal diet + 2g/kg O. stamineus ); Diet OS4 (Basal diet + 4g/kg O. stamineus ) and Diet OS8 (Basal diet + 8g/kg O. stamineus ). After 42 days, 40 birds were randomly selected for serum biochemical profile analysis involving pancreatic, renal, and hepatic functions (urea, sodium, potassium, chlorine, aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, and globulins). Present study found that serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, AST, ALT and ALP were significantly lower suggesting that the O. stamineus ground leaf possibly do not cause kidney and liver impairment, mainly, at the higher dosage (8g/kg). Present study concluded that the broiler chicken fed O. stamineus ground leaf at a rate 8 g/kg was the most promising dietary supplement to enhance health without deleterious effects on serum biochemical properties and morphological components of liver. In addition, it reduces abdominal fats and serum cholesterol. This study has provide evident that medicinal plant, O. stamineus can potentially substituted the use of additive synthetic

CONTRACT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FRAMEWORK WITH CASE STUDY ON PC BUILDING MARKET

The focus of this FYP project is to establish a Contract Distribution System Framework that provides someone with adequate proficiency in IT or a small startup company, a generic foundation to build upon their own personalized Contract Distribution System. Grab, Airbnb, and Fiverr are Contract Distribution Systems that have been specialized into their own specific niche. This Contract Distribution System Framework will provide the base and generic features common among commercially available Contract Distribution Systems thus making development shorter and enabling the creation of Minimal Viable Products for validating business ideas, quicker. As a show of concept for this framework, the use case of a PC Building Market is chosen for its potential of being a commercially viable application mixed with the support from the rising trend of desktop live streaming, gaming entertainment and electronic sports

Influence of hempedubumi (Andrographis paniculata) on serum biochemical parameters and liver morphology in broiler chickens

Serum biochemical parameters data was evaluated in broilers fed diets supplemented with hempedu bumi (Andrographis paniculata, AP) ground leaf. Birds (n = 160) were assigned in four treatment groups with five replication and each group contain eight birds. Broilers in the control group were fed the basal diet without additives, the group dietary treatments, Diet AP2 (Basal diet + 2g/kg Andrographis paniculata); Diet AP4 (Basal diet + 4g/kg Andrographis paniculata) and Diet AP8 (Basal diet + 8g/kg Andrographis paniculata). During day-21 and day-42, five birds from each treatment groups were randomly selected for serum biochemical analysis which involve pancreatic, renal, and hepatic functions (aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, urea, sodium, potassium, chlorine, and globulins). Liver morphology was determined after slaughtering two birds and collected the liver samples. Based on these results AP at 8g/kg diet lowered serum cholesterol, glucose and triglycerides. It also maintain the normal structure of liver indicating that no toxic effect from AP supplementation at a rate up to 8 g/kg, it also that AP lowered ALP and ALT in blood of chicken. In conclusion, supplementation of AP at 8g/kg in diet its beneficial effects on health and safe for broiler chicken production

PERANCANGAN APLIKASI REKAM MEDIS PADA KLINIK MEDIKA ANDALAS

Sistem informasi merupakan hal yang penting dalam perkembangan zaman saat ini, dimana sistem informasi hampir digunakan dalam semua bidang, termasuk fasilitas kesehatan. Sistem informasi dalam dunia kesehatan memiliki peran yang cukup besar dalam menyelesaikan persoalan manajemen pada fasilitas kesehatan. Salah satu persoalan yang muncul adalah pengelolaan data yang banyak dan kompleks. Klinik Pratama Medika Andalas merupakan salah satu klinik pratama yang ada di kota Padang. Klinik Pratama Medika Andalas dalam perekapan data masih melakukan perekapan manual tanpa ada bantuan sistem informasi manajemen. Perekapan dilakukan menjadi dua bagian rekam medis yaitu perekapan untuk pasien BPJS dan umum. Perekapan untuk pasien BPJS dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi BPJS sedangkan untuk pasien umum tidak dilakukan perekapan. Aplikasi BPJS memiliki berbagai kendala seperti server yang melambat, tampilan yang rancu, dan sering error ketika dilakukan penginputan data, hal ini disebabkan oleh aplikasi diakses oleh seluruh fasilitas kesehatan seluruh Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sebuah aplikasi yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna dalam pelaksanaan proses bisnis pada klinik. Sistem dirancang berdasarkan data proses bisnis aktual yang ada pada klinik Medika Andalas. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah Agile Software Development. Tahapan perancangan diawali dengan menentukan kebutuhan sistem yaitu wawancara dengan Direktur, Wakil direktur dan Staf Administrasi. Tahapan pemodelan sistem menggunakan diagram UML. Kemudian dilakukan pemrograman menggunakan PHP dan MySQL. Setelah itu dilakukan verifikasi dan validasi terhadap rancangan sistem untuk mengetahui kesesuaian dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Hasil perancangan aplikasi yang dibuat adalah sebuah aplikasi berbasis web yang dapat melakukan penyimpanan data berupa data rekam medis, data rekapan biaya, dan data rekapan kunjungan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas pada Klinik Medika Andalas

Garis panduan proses dalam meluluskan perletakan stesen minyak. Kajian kes : Bangsar / Ahmad Johari Hj Zakry

Kajian ini yang bertajuk 'Garis panduan Proses Dalam Meluluskan Perletakan Stesen Minyak' , dijalankan berdasarkan isu dan masalah yang pernah timbul di kawasan kajian. Kawasan kajian merupakan sebahagian daripada bandar Bangsar yang masyhur. la adalah suatu kawasan perumahan yang telah lama wujud dan dilengkapi dengan berbagai aktiviti seperti perdagangan dan perindustrian. Aktiviti perniagaan yang semakin membangun di Bangsar merupakan suatu faktor penarik bagi ahli-ahli perniagaan dan pihak pemaju termasuk masyarakat awam setempat dan luar. Perniagaan perkhidmatan stesen minyak merupakan di antara elemen perniagaan yang pesat membangun sehinggalah kepada peringkat sukar untuk dikawal serakannya- Para penduduk sedar mengenai unsur negatif ini dan telah berjaya dalam usaha membendung perkembangan terus perniagaan jenis ini. Pengkaji telah mengambil kesempatan mengenai isu ini dan cuba mengkaji melalui beberapa peringkat, kaj isel idik seperti kajian isu dan masalah, kajian ilmiah, penganalisaan, sehingga ke peringkat penyelesaian masalah menerusi beberapa cadangan yang dikemukakan. Semuga penyelesaian dan cadangan yang dibuat akan diambil kira oleh seluruh masyarakat khususnya pihak yang bertanggongjawab dalam proses meluluskan stesen minyak berkenaan

In silico protein prediction of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene from novel rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus UPMLH24

In this study, computational methods were used to predict information hidden in the small subunit 16S rRNA gene from newly isolated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria B. cereus strain UPMLH24. In the present study, the computational methods employed revealed that the small subunit 16S rRNA gene sequence from B. cereus strain UPMLH24 contained a number of small open reading frames that encoded several functional proteins. Computational predictions classified seven phyla of organisms associated with small open reading frames of novel B. cereus strain UPMLH24. The data generated from computational predictions in the present study could form the basis for further research to advance new hypotheses in the microbiology of rhizobacteria