Coherence resonance in a network of FitzHugh-Nagumo systems: interplay of noise, time-delay and topology

We systematically investigate the phenomena of coherence resonance in time-delay coupled networks of FitzHugh-Nagumo elements in the excitable regime. Using numerical simulations, we examine the interplay of noise, time-delayed coupling and network topology in the generation of coherence resonance. In the deterministic case, we show that the delay-induced dynamics is independent of the number of nearest neighbors and the system size. In the presence of noise, we demonstrate the possibility of controlling coherence resonance by varying the time-delay and the number of nearest neighbors. For a locally coupled ring, we show that the time-delay weakens coherence resonance. For nonlocal coupling with appropriate time-delays, both enhancement and weakening of coherence resonance are possible

Chimera patterns under the impact of noise

We investigate two types of chimera states, patterns consisting of coexisting spatially separated domains with coherent and incoherent dynamics, in ring networks of Stuart-Landau oscillators with symmetry-breaking coupling, under the influence of noise. Amplitude chimeras are characterized by temporally periodic dynamics throughout the whole network, but spatially incoherent behavior with respect to the amplitudes in a part of the system; they are long-living transients. Chimera death states generalize chimeras to stationary inhomogeneous patterns (oscillation death), which combine spatially coherent and incoherent domains. We analyze the impact of random perturbations, addressing the question of robustness of chimera states in the presence of white noise. We further consider the effect of symmetries applied to random initial conditions

Stability of amplitude chimeras in oscillator networks

This work was supported by DFG in the framework of SFB 91

Current status of healthcare-associated enteroviral (non-polio) infections

Here we present the data on foreign research publications describing healthcare-associated enteroviral (nonpolio) infections (HAI) sought in the Worldwide Database for Nosocomial Outbreaks (Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitȁtmedizincomplex “Charite”, Germany) as well as PubMed search engine (The United States National Library), covering 1936–2017 timeframe. The publications retrieved contained the data on 28 nosocomial outbreaks caused by Enterovirus A (EV-A71), В (Echoviruses 11, 17, 18, 30, 31, 33, Coxsackie viruses А9, В2, В5) and D (EV-D68). It was discovered that the majority of the nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks occurred in obstetric hospitals and neonatal units so that children were mainly maternally infected. In addition, a case associated with intrauterine infection was described. It was shown that outbreaks might be started by an infected child at the incubation period. Single publications reported nosocomial outbreaks in geriatric hospitals. Generally, nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks were characterized by polymorphic clinical picture caused by any certain pathogen serotype and within a single site of the infection. Few lethal outcomes were recorded. Enterovirus B species dominated among identified etiological agents. Violated hospital hygiene and infection control contributing to spread of infection were among those found in neonatal units: putting used diapers out on baby bed prior disposal, sharing bathtub, toys and household objects as well as poor hand hygiene in medical workers. One of the measures recommended to improve diagnostics of enteroviral (non-polio) infections was virology screening of children with suspected sepsis in case of unidentified etiology. It was established that etiological decoding of nosocomial outbreaks was impossible without applying pathogen-specific diagnostic tools, mainly nested RT-PCR and direct sequencing of followed by subsequent phylogenetic analysis

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in disadvantaged populations

Twelve March 2015 will mark the 10th anniversary of World Kidney Day (WKD), an initiative of the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations. Since its inception in 2006, WKD has become the most successful effort ever mounted to raise awareness among decision-makers and the general public about the importance of kidney disease. Each year WKD reminds us that kidney disease is common, harmful and treatable. The focus of WKD 2015 is on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in disadvantaged populations. This article reviews the key links between poverty and CKD and the consequent implications for the prevention of kidney disease and the care of kidney patients in these populations

From the experience of health and restoring the health of modern preschoolers 6-7 years in the MDOU

В работе предоставлен многолетний опыт совместного сотрудничества МДОУ № 5 и кафедры МБД МГОСГИ по вопросам здоровьесбережения и реабилитации нарушений осанки и стопы у метеозависимых детей 6-7 летGiven the long experience of joint cooperation MDOU № 5 of MDB MGOSGI health and rehabilitation of posture and foot weather dependent children 6-7 year

Nanoparticle-Delivered 2-PAM for Rat Brain Protection against Paraoxon Central Toxicity

© 2017 American Chemical Society.Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are among the most promising nanocarriers to target the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Encapsulation of the acetylcholinesterase reactivator, pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM), in SLNs appears to be a suitable strategy for protection against poisoning by organophosphorus agents (OPs) and postexposure treatment. 2-PAM-loaded SLNs were developed for brain targeting and delivery via intravenous (iv) administration. 2-PAM-SLNs displayed a high 2-PAM encapsulation efficiency (∼90%) and loading capacity (maximum 30.8 ± 1%). Drug-loaded particles had a mean hydrodynamic diameter close to 100 nm and high negative zeta potential (-54 to -15 mV). These properties contribute to improve long-term stability of 2-PAM-SLNs when stored both at room temperature (22 °C) and at 4 °C, as well as to longer circulation time in the bloodstream compared to free 2-PAM. Paraoxon-poisoned rats (2 × LD50) were treated with 2-PAM-loaded SLNs at a dose of 2-PAM of 5 mg/kg. 2-PAM-SLNs reactivated 15% of brain AChE activity. Our results confirm the potential use of SLNs loaded with positively charged oximes as a medical countermeasure both for protection against OPs poisoning and for postexposure treatment