Green tea polyphenol-reduced graphene oxide: derivatisation, reduction efficiency, reduction mechanism and cytotoxicity

This paper reports on the derivatisation, reduction efficiency, reduction mechanism and cytotoxicity of green tea polyphenol-reduced graphene oxide (GTP-RGO). The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) at 90°C using a weight ratio (WR) of GTP/GO=1 resulted in the production of a stable GTP-RGO dispersion in aqueous media, as indicated by the results of ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the measurement of zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility. In addition, the results from UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated the comparable reduction ability of GTP relative to the standard reducing agent, hydrazine (N2H4). The removal mechanism of epoxy group from GO via reduction reaction with GTP was investigated by implementing hybrid functional method of Becke-3-parameters-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP)using Gaussian 09 software. The energy and frequency calculations showed that the GO reduction using GTP was more spontaneous and relatively took place faster than the reduction using N2H4, as evidenced by higher entropy change (ΔS) (0.039 kcal/mol·K) and lower Gibbs free energy (ΔG) barrier (58.880 kcal/mol).The cytotoxicities of GO and GTP-RGO samples were evaluated against human colonic fibroblasts cells (CCD-18Co). The GO sample was determined to be toxic even at low concentration (6.25 μg/mL), while the GTP-RGO sample possesses notably low toxicity at the same concentration. The cell culture experiments revealed that the incorporation of GTP led to a decrease in the toxicity of GTP-RGO samples

Analysis of Students' Metacognition Level in Solving Scientific Literacy on the Topic of Static Fluid

The purpose of this study is to describe students' metacognition level in solving scientific literacy. This research use the descriptive method. The subject of this research is 99 students of grade XI in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta. Data collection methods used are test methods which its instruments based on an indicator of scientific literacy and metacognition ability. Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the achievement of scientific literacy in science as a body of knowledge, science as a way of thinking, science as a way of investigating, and science as an interaction between technology and society is still low at below 35%. This is due to 84% student occupy in low metacognition level that is 30% students in tacit use level, 54% students in aware use level, and only 16% students occupy in high metacognition level that is in strategic use level

Kepemimpinan Perempuan Dalam Persepektif Hukum Islam (Studi Komparatif Antara Pemikiran Kh. Husein Muhammad Dan Prof. Siti Musdah Mulia)

This research with literature models and combined with interviews seeks to answer the question, firstly, how the concept of women's leadership in the perspective of Islamic law. Secondly, a comparative analysis of KH. Husein Muhammad's thought and Prof. Siti Musdah Mulia's thought on women's leadership. The conclusion of this study is that the Islamic law (Shariah) does not provide a practical explanation of a firm and clear on women's leadership. Technically it is true that Islam does not provide practical guidance but substantively Islam provides breadth for women to play a role in the public sector. This is because men and women are created in the same position and have the same opportunities in areas such as work and career, including to be the leader. KH. Husein Muhammad as the first figure of this study confirms an understanding that women are actually capable of being a leader among men. In line with that the woman has the right to be a leader as owned by men. Meanwhile, Prof. Siti Musdah Mulia as te second figure expressed the same thing that appreciate women's leadership. More specifically, he describes the unique and different conception about the character of women's leadership. For him, women who become leaders do not have to change into males assertive and authoritative. Leadership remains ideal when built on a joint gentleness and compassion as the basic nature of women

Peningkatan Menulis Narasi dari Teks Wawancara dengan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tps Siswa SMP Pancasila

..The background of this research is weak skills of students of class VII SMP Pancasila Sungai Kakap in writing narrative paragraphs from an interview text. Methods and forms of this research is qualitative descriptive. The type of this research is classroom action research (PTK) which has been conducted in two cycles. The data source of this research is a Bahasa Indonesia teacher and seventh grade students as many as 30 students. The data in this research are the planning, implementation, and results of writing narrative paragraphs of interview text. The technique used in this research is testing techniques through the writings of students and non-test techniques through observation and documentation. The results of this research with an average value of student learning outcomes in pre-action with an average of 66.5. Results of student writing in the first cycle using cooperative learning model TPS type increased by an average of 73.1. While the average value in the second cycle with an average of 77.7. Based on the data results of writing narrative paragraphs from student interview text, from pre-action until first and second cycle have been increased

Pemberdayaan Guru Berbasis Kualifikasi Akademik di SMP

The purpose of this study was to describe how to the teacher empowering based on akademic qualification in the Public High School Srijaya Makmur District of Musi Rawas Nibung North. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. The research subjects principal, vice principal areas of the curriculum, teachers, and supervisors. Methods of data collection put on interviews, observation, and documentation. Analysis of data using qualitative techniques.The results showed management based teacher education qualifications in schools is carried out on the basis of a very strong desire of the management of the school under the command of principal of a school principal to implement in earnest the commitments very full once the applicable provisions, which require the school to carry out a teachers in school management system based on the qualifications and competence of each teachers

Kandungan Zat Gizi Produk Serbuk Minuman Instan Rumput Gandum sebagai Minuman Kesehatan

Rumput gandum dikenal sebagai bahan baku untuk minuman kesehatan karena mengandung vitamin, zat gizi lainnya dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kandungan zat gizi pada produk serbuk minuman instan rumput gandum sehingga dapat menyediakan informasi tentang komposisi zat gizi pada produk. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis laboratorium. Produk serbuk minuman instan ini dihasilkan dari kristalisasi filtrat rumput gandum dengan penambahan gula. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 formula produk, yaitu formula 1 dengan penambahan gula 15%, formula 2 dengan penambahan gula 20% dan formula 3 dengan penambahan gula 25%. Hasil penelitian menujukkan kandungan gizi makro ketiga formula yang terdiri dari 9,13±11,02 gram karbohidrat; 0,50±0,72 gram protein; 0,05±0,09 gram lemak, dan energi sebesar 40,21±46,53 kkal, sedangkan zat gizi mikro terdiri dari 5,9±6,2 mg vitamin C; 0,30±0,53 mg besi, 2,84±6,65 mg magnesium;105±135 mg kalium dan 6,1±7,8 mg natrium. Berdasarkan kandungan zat gizinya maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa formula 1 merupakan formula terbaik

Executive remuneration consultancy in the UK: exploring a professional project through the lens of institutional work

This article responds to recent calls to examine the development of professionalism through the lens of institutional theory. We investigate the development of the new professional service of executive remuneration consultancy (ERC) in the UK through the lens of institutional work. Specifically, drawing upon Lawrence and Suddaby (2006) and Suddaby and Viale (2011), we explore the relationship between macro-scale occupational/organizational and micro-scale individual-level dynamics of the ERC professional project and situate its development in relation to the broader field of executive remuneration practices. We show that the institutional work of creating the new professional project is contested and that the ERC development may be better understood as part of broader efforts to create and maintain the institution of executive pay-setting practices. We argue that the institutional work lens has the potential to produce a more nuanced understanding of the internal dynamics of the ERC professionalization process and its role in reconfiguring broader institutional arrangements. By exploring the analytical purchase of the concept of institutional work, the article contributes to the emerging body of empirical evidence outlining the potential of (neo-) institutional approaches to offer a more productive understanding of contemporary professionalis

Modul Mind Mapping Berbasis Potensi Lokal Terintegrasi Sets Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Di SMP

Potensi lokal merupakan sumber daya yang dimiliki suatu daerah meliputi sumber daya alam, manusia, teknologi, dan budaya yang dapat dikembangkan untuk membangun kemandirian nasional. Keragaman potensi lokal melahirkan pula tingkatan kebutuhan dan tantangan pengembangan yang berbeda antar daerah dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu dan mencerdaskan kehidupan masyarakat di setiap daerah. Kondisi saat ini, pelajar sebagai generasi muda banyak yang tidak tahu tentang potensi lokal di daerahnya padahal potensi lokal merupakan salah satu aset bagi bangsa Indonesia yang harus dipertahankan dan dikembangkan demi keberlangsungan semua masyarakat Indonesia . Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menentukan cara menanamkan keragaman potensi lokal melalui pendidikan. Metode penelitian ini berupa analisis kepustakaan. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa salah satu cara menanamkan potensi lokal dalam pendidikan melalui bahan ajar berupa modul mind mapping berbasis potensi lokal terintegrasi SETS ( Science, Environment, Technology, and Society) pada mata pelajaran IPA di SMP