The influence of iron microstructure on tool capacity during cutting process

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. An overview of machinability by cutting cast irons is given. The effect of the microstructure of cast iron on the tool's working capacity during cutting has been studied. The reasons for the tool failure during drilling are revealed

Effect of the crystal structure on the optical properties and Ag sensitization of Tb3+/Yb3+ ions in silica-zirconia glasses and glass-ceramics

The role of the material structure in the energy transfer between Ag and Tb3+/Yb3+ ions is studied in silica-soda-zirconia sol-gel glasses and glass-ceramics. The preparation of Tb3+ and Yb3+ doped silica-soda-zirconia layers was carried out by sol-gel and dip-coating, followed by thermal annealing. The precipitation of zirconia nanocrystals was obtained by controlling the annealing temperature: from a full amorphous glass at 700 °C into a glass-ceramic at 1000 °C. A different crystalline structure of zirconia nanocrystals, tetragonal or cubic, was controlled by the rare-earth doping and investigated in relation to the Tb3+/Yb3+ optical properties. Moreover, Ag codoping was introduced by ion-exchange, obtaining a significant photoluminescence enhancement, both in the intensity and in the broadness of the excitation band, covering the whole UV region and part of the violet-blue region. Ag-sensitized Tb3+/Yb3+ doped silica-soda-zirconia glass-ceramics were attested to be potential candidates for energy-related applications, such as spectral conversion layers for solar cells, lasers and light-emitting devices (LEDs) in the visible and NIR spectral regions

Effect of thermally treated wood

There are many studies on the thermal treatment of wood, but the treatment of thermally modified wood with different flame retardants, and the changes that occur in this process are not fully understood. This paper assesses various thermal modifications and the flame retardant effect on thermally modified wood under conditions that simulate the natural process of wood combustion by a heat source, constant air flow and exhaust gas flow. The research temperature ranges from 160 to 260 C. It has been experimentally proven that thermally modified wood impregnated with a fire retardant has a greater fire and ignition resistance than untreated wood. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Impact of polyelectrolyte coating in fluorescent response of Eu(III)-containing nanoparticles on small chelating anions including nucleotides

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. The present work introduces a novel route to sense the permeability of the polyelectrolyte layer deposited onto luminescent core. The use of ternary Eu(III) complexes as the luminescent core enables to detect the permeability of the polyelectrolyte layers through the change of the Eu(III)-centered luminescence. The chelating anions, such as adenosine phosphates, glutamic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt were used as substrates. The origin of the fluorescent response is the complex formation of the substrates with the Eu(III) complexes, which is greatly affected by the equilibrium concentration of the substrates at the surface of the core. The latter in turn is influenced by the permeability of the polyelectrolyte layer. The obtained results highlight the impact of the nature of the exterior layer in the penetration of the substrates through the negatively and positively charged polyelectrolyte layers

Extraction of lanthanum and gadolinium(III) at the cloud point using p-sulfonatocalyx[n]arenes as chelating agents

The extraction of gadolinium(III) and lanthanum(III) ions at the cloud point is studied in Triton X100 micellar solutions in a wide range of pH. In the absence of chelating agents, lanthanum(III) and gadolinium(III) ions are unselectively extracted at pH > 6. It is shown that the use of p-sulfonatothiacalyx[6(8)]arenes as chelating agents noticeably enhances the degree of extraction at pH 2-6. The composition and stability of lanthanum-p-sulfonatothiacalyx[n]arene complexes (n = 4, 6, 8) are estimated in a wide range of pH by pH-potentiometry. The degree of Gd3+ and La3+ ions extraction, which is performed at the cloud points employing calyxarene macrocycles of different sizes, is depended on the acidity of a medium. © 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Cloud point extraction of lanthanide(III) ions via use of Triton X-100 without and with water-soluble calixarenes as added chelating agents

The use of water-soluble calixarenes: p-sulfonato thiacalixarene (ST), tetra-sulfonatomethylated calix[4]resorcinarene (SR), calix[4]resorcinarene phosphonic acid (PhR) as chelating agents in cloud point extraction (CPE) of La(III), Gd(III) and Yb(III) ions using Triton X-100 as non-ionic surfactant is introduced. The data obtained indicate that both complexation ability and structure of calixarenes govern the extraction efficiency of lanthanides. In particular ST and SR, forming 1:1 lanthanide complexes with similar stability in aqueous media, exhibit different extractability when used as chelating agents in CPE. First synthesized PhR was found to be the most efficient chelating agent exhibiting pH-dependent selectivity within La(III), Gd(III) and Yb(III) in CPE. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Hydration number: Crucial role in nuclear magnetic relaxivity of Gd(III) chelate-based nanoparticles

© 2017 The Author(s). Today, nanostructure-based contrast agents (CA) are emerging in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their sensitivity is reported as greatly improved in comparison to commercially used chelate-based ones. The present work is aimed at revealing the factors governing the efficiency of longitudinal magnetic relaxivity (r 1 ) in aqueous colloids of core-shell Gd(III)-based nanoparticles. We report for the first time on hyd ration number (q) of gadolinium(III) as a substantial factor in controlling r 1 values of polyelectrolyte-stabilized nanoparticles built from water insoluble complexes of Gd(III). The use of specific complex structure enables to reveal the impact of the inner-sphere hydration number on both r 1 values for the Gd(III)-based nanoparticles and the photophysical properties of their luminescent Tb(III) and Eu(III) counterparts. The low hydration of TTA-based Gd(III) complexes (q ≈ 1) agrees well with the poor relaxivity values (r 1 = 2.82 mM -1 s -1 and r 2 = 3.95 mM -1 s -1 ), while these values tend to increase substantially (r 1 = 12.41 mM -1 s -1 , r 2 = 14.36 mM -1 s -1 ) for aqueous Gd(III)-based colloids, when macrocyclic 1,3-diketonate is applied as the ligand (q ≈ 3). The regularities obtained in this work are fundamental in understanding the efficiency of MRI probes in the fast growing field of nanoparticulate contrast agents

Fighting malaria without DDT : better management of the environment a key to disease control

French version available in IDRC Digital Library: Lutter contre le paludisme sans DDT : le contrôle de la maladie passe par une meilleure gestion de l'environnementSpanish version available in IDRC Digital Library: Combatiendo a la malaria sin DDT : mejor manejo ambiental, clave para el control de la enfermedadUnder the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement, Mexico was committed to eliminating DDT use by 2002. The country’s malaria-control efforts, however, depended on this chemical. Researchers set about to develop alternate strategies by addressing factors that affect malaria’s spread: humans, mosquitoes, and the local environment in which the parasites persist. As a result of this integrated approach, Mexico was able to abandon DDT ahead of schedule

The outer-sphere association of p-sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene with some Co(III) complexes: The effect on their redox activity in aqueous solutions

The effect of the ion-pairing of Co(III) complexes with p-sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene (STCA) on Fe(II)-Co(III) electron transfer rate was evaluated from the analysis and comparison of kinetic data in double Co(III)-Fe(II) and triple Co(III)-Fe(II)-STCA systems at various concentration conditions. Complexes [Co(en)3]3+(1), [Co(en) 2ox]+(2), [Co(dipy)3]3+ (3), [Co(His)2]+(4) and [Fe(CN)6]4- were chosen as Co(III) and Fe(II) compounds. The effect of STCA was found to correlate with the association mode. The outer-sphere association with STCA was found to exhibit the insignificant effect on Fe(II)-Co(III) electron transfer k et constants for complexes 3 and 4 with bulky and rigid chelate rings, while more sufficient inclusion of flexible ethylendiaminate rings of 1 and 2 into the cavity of STCA results in the unusual increase of k et. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics through the fluorescent response of Eu(III) based nanoparticles fabricated by layer-by-layer technique

The present work introduces the determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in aqueous solutions through the fluorescent response of Eu(TTA)3 and [Eu(TTA)31] (TTA- and 1 are thenoyltrifluoroacetonate and phosphine oxide derivative) complexes encapsulated into the polyelectrolyte capsules fabricated through layer-by-layer deposition of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The variation of luminescent core, polyelectrolyte deposition and concentration conditions reveals two modes of fluorescent response on FQs of diverse structure namely the sensitization and quenching of Eu(III) centered luminescence. The obtained regularities reveal the ternary complex formation and the ligand exchange occurring at the interface of polyelectrolyte coated [Eu(TTA)31] based colloids as the reasons of the diverse fluorescent response of Eu(III) centered luminescence on FQs. The factors affecting the fluorescent response have been revealed, which are: the content of luminescent core, the mode of polyelectrolyte deposition, concentration and structure of FQs. The discrimination of moxifloxacin and lomefloxacin from levofloxacin, ofloxacin, difloxacin, perfloxacin through the quenching of Eu(III) luminescence in PSS-[Eu(TTA)31] colloids has been revealed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V