Optimasi Kondisi Ekstraksi Senyawa Total Fenolik Buah Labu Siam (Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Sw.) Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology

Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq). Sw.) is one of the vegetable plants that can be used for traditional medicine and has activity as an antioxidant. The objective of the research is to know aims the optimum condition of fruit of chayote extract to total phenolic compound. The method for determining the optimum condition is by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was selected as a research design with three factors parameters and three levels. The three variabels used are the extraction times (2, 3 and 4 hours), chayote-solvents ratio (1:5, 1:10 and 1:15) and solvent concentration (food quality ethanol 30, 50 and 70%). The total phenolic content and yield extraction were obtained as the non-dependent variables. The extraction was done by percolation method and total phenolic content was analyzed by using ELISA reader. The simplicis used is fresh fruit of chayote with dried up shrink rate of 90.47%, water content 93.69%, total ash content of 0.44%, 0.02% acid soluble ash content, 0.52% for soluble compound in water, 0.52% soluble in ethanol, and total phenol content of 4.75 mg EAG/g dry simplicia. The results showed that the optimum condition of extraction for fresh fruit of chayote was obtained at 2 hours extraction with 1:14.35 chayote-solvent ratios and ethanol concentration 66.22% with total phenol value 2.50 mg EAG/g extract and 2.20% extraction yields. In conclusion, the total phenolic compounds of fruit chayote has been successfully optimized using the Response Surface Methodology technique. The optimum condition of total phenolic compound of fruit chayote is in the range of factors determined

Study Vacuum and Non Vacuum Packaging on the Quality of Fish Balls Malong (Muarenesox Talabon) During Cold Storage Temperature (±50c)

A Study vacuum and non vacuum packaging on the quality of fish balls malong (Muarenesox talabon) during cold storage temperature (±50C), has been carried out in June-July 2016. This research aim to understand the different of vacuum and non vacuum packaging on the quality of fish balls malong (Muarenesox talabon) during cold storage temperature (±50). The method used is an experimental method that perform method processing comperative malong fish balls are packed in a vacuum and non vacuum during cold storage temperature (±50C). The treatment in this study is a vacuum and non vacuum packaging. Meanwhile, as replication is the shelf life of 0,7,14,21 and 28 days, with the number of experimental units is 7 units. Parameter test in the organoleptic (appearance, aroma, flavour, and texture), chemical analysis (water and fat), and analysis of total plate count test (TPC). Furthermore, the data were analyzed using t-test. Treatment of the best views of the organoleptic test are on treatment with a value of such a vacuum packaging appearance value (5,55), aroma (5,11), flavour (4,66), texture (5,68), with a water content (59,13%), fat content (2,31%), ( TPC 5,20 cfu/gram).Keywors: Meatball, Muarenesox talabon, vacum package and non vacum package, qualit

Breast and Axillary Lymph Nodes Metastasis five years after Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Breast is an uncommon and rare site for metastasis. Primary and secondary tumors of the breast need to be differentiated as management is different. We present a 67 year old female patient with two breast lumps and an axillary lymph node, 5 years after nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). Mammogram report showed a dense spiculated mass at right upper outer quadrant and a retroareolar mass associated with clustered micro calcifications. Fine Needle Cytology and trucut biopsy were inconclusive. Computer Topography (CT) abdomen did not show evidence of RCC recurrence. After discussion with the patient, she underwent mastectomy with axillary clearance and the final histopathology report was consistent with metastasis from RCC. The management of this case is discussed

A novel selection of optimal statistical features in the DWPT domain for discrimination of ictal and seizure-free electroencephalography signals

Properly determining the discriminative features which characterize the inherent behaviors of electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains a great challenge for epileptic seizure detection. In this present study, a novel feature selection scheme based on the discrete wavelet packet decomposition and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) was proposed. The normal as well as epileptic EEG recordings were frst decomposed into various frequency bands by means of wavelet packet decomposition, and subsequently, statistical features at all developed nodes in the wavelet packet decomposition tree were derived. Instead of using the complete set of the extracted features to construct a wavelet neural networks-based classifer, an optimal feature subset that maximizes the predictive competence of the classifer was selected by using the CSA. Experimental results on the publicly available benchmarks demonstrated that the proposed feature subset selection scheme achieved promising recognition accuracies of 98.43–100%, and the results were statistically signifcant using z-test with p value <0.0001

2D and 3D Complexity Analysis on MRI Images using Fractal Dimension

The brain, which is the most complex structure in the human body, has attracted attention of many researchers to study the possible fractal analysis application upon it. Current interest is seen directed more towards the utilization of complexity analysis as measured by fractal dimension in determining the pathologies effect and degenerative factor on the brain structure volume. In this paper, we used two boxcounting methods: average 2D Fractal Dimension and 3D Fractal Dimension. 47 subjects (19 males, 28 females), aged ranging from 21 to 25 years, were recruited. Brain MRI images were acquired by using 3T MRI system. The images were then thresholded according to Otsu’s method. The processed images were then calculated using fractal analysis, and the values obtained were statistically evaluated using Pearson’s correlation test (r2 = -0.106, p = 0.477). In conclusion, no correlation was seen between average 2D FD and 3D FD

Isoprene hotspots at the Western Coast of Antarctic Peninsula during MASEC′16

Isoprene (C5H8) plays an important role in the formation of surface ozone (O3) and the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) which contributed to the climate change. This study aims to determine hourly distribution of tropospheric isoprene over the Western Coast of Antarctic Peninsula (WCAP) during the Malaysian Antarctic Scientific Expedition Cruise 2016 (MASEC′16). In-situ measurements of isoprene were taken using a custom-built gas chromatography with photoionization detector, known as iDirac. Biological parameters such as chlorophyll a (chl-a) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were compared to the in-situ isoprene measurements. Significant positive correlation was observed between isoprene and POC concentrations (r2 = 0.67, p < 0.001), but not between isoprene and chl-a. The hotspots of isoprene over maritime Antarctic were then were investigated using NAME dispersion model reanalysis. Measurements showed that isoprene mixing ratio were the highest over region of King George Island, Deception Island and Booth Island with values of ∼5.0, ∼0.9 and ∼5.2 ppb, respectively. Backward trajectory analysis showed that air masses may have lifted the isoprene emitted by marine algae. We believe our findings provide valuable data set of isoprene estimation over the under sampled WCAP

Influence of Microstructural Effect on Microvickers Hardness Propertiesof SiO2-Na2O-CaO (SNC) Waste Based Glass-ceramic

There are a lot of waste materials consist of silicate based such as coal combustion ash, slag from steel production, fly ash, mud, as well as glass cullet or mixtures to produce glass-ceramics. This research work using clam shell (CS) ash and soda-lime-silica (SLS) waste glass powder for fabricating novel SiO2-Na2O-CaO (SNC) glass-ceramic. The samples were composed of SLS (50%), Na2CO3 (30%), and CS (20%) in weight percentage via conventional melt-quenching technique and solid-state sintering technique. The samples were investigated via X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Field emission microscope (FESEM), and microvickers hardness tester. The samples were sintered at 550-950 °C to investigate the influence of microstructural effect on microvickers hardness properties at applied force 0.5 and 1.0 kgf. The optimal Vickers hardness properties at sintering temperature 850 °C due to high crystallization of SiO2 phase from the residual glass and CaO content enhanced the viscosity flow, high compactness of particles arrangement and densification of sample

Specific detection of fungal pathogens by 18S rRNA gene PCR in microbial keratitis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The sensitivity and specificity of 18S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of fungal aetiology of microbial keratitis was determined in thirty patients with clinical diagnosis of microbial keratitis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Corneal scrapings from patients were used for Gram stain, culture and PCR analysis. PCR was performed with primer pairs targeted to the 18S rRNA gene. The result of the PCR was compared with conventional culture and Gram staining method. The PCR positive samples were identified by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. Main outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity of PCR in the detection of fungus in corneal keratitis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Combination of microscopy and culture gave a positive result in 11 of 30 samples of microbial keratitis. PCR detected 10 of 11 samples that were positive by conventional method. One of the 19 samples that was negative by conventional method was positive by PCR. Statistical analysis revealed that the PCR to have a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 94.7% in the detection of a fungal aetiology in microbial keratitis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>PCR is a rapid, sensitive and useful method to detect fungal aetiology in microbial keratitis.</p