Justice and Equality in Muslim Family Laws: Challenges, Possibilities, and Strategies for Reform\u27

One of the subtle but most pervasive areas of discrimination against women in the Muslim world today is the inequality that occurs within the context of the family. Throughout Muslim countries and contexts, Muslim women are speaking out about such discrimination and are fighting for reform of family laws to promote justice and equality within the family. This Article outlines key discriminatory provisions within Malaysia\u27s Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act of 1984 and the efforts being made by Muslim women in Malaysia to advocate for comprehensive reform of Malaysian Muslim family laws. This effort includes developing an understanding of why and how reform of Muslim family laws is possible using new progressive scholarship on justice, equality, and the construction of gender in Islam; coping with challenges to law reform that arise generally and within the Muslim context; and exploring strategies that have been used by women\u27s groups in other Muslim countries to push for reform. Based on these lessons, activists in Malaysia have developed a draft model family law grounded in the Islamic principles of equality and justice and have prepared a guide to the proposed provisions, with justifications for reform based on a holistic framework that emphasizes four elements: religious principles, domestic laws and policies, international human rights law, and sociological trends and data that present the lived realities of women in Malaysian families. In addition, women\u27s organizations have commenced a national public education campaign to build support across a broad constituency of women \u27s rights and human rights groups and at the grassroots level to build and sustain the momentum for reform

Initial study of invasive approach of electrical capacitance tomography for identifying non-conducting medium in steel pipe application

The paper aims to investigate the possibility of an invasive method for electrical capacitance tomography system for steel pipe application. This work presents the development process for modeling an ECT (Electrical Capacitance Tomography) sensor using COMSOL Multiphysics. COMSOL Multiphysics software is implemented as the main tool to model the ECT system. The 12 electrodes are modeled in 2-dimensional and it is based on the invasive approach. The ECT system is developed to obtain the electrical potential distribution between electrodes when an electric field is applied. Besides, it also obtains the permittivity distribution inside the closed pipe. This invasive approach is applied for the steel pipe that cannot be used with common ECT. Several positions of bubble air as the obstacle in the oil medium are tested. As a result, the sensor readings performance inside the region of interest is analyzed. Simultaneously, the tomograms are also obtained and analyzed using MATLAB software. A linear back-projection algorithm is implemented to reconstruct the image of the region of interest. Thus, the possibility of the ECT system applied for steel pipe can be observed and compared when there is a change of readings between the full oil and the existing obstacle inside the steel pipe. Besides, the tomograms for each condition tested can be observed. In short, the invasive approach for ECT is seen to be possible to apply for oil-gas application in steel pipe. The LBP algorithm with the average MSSIM value around 0.3 was able to detect the oil-gas regime inside the steel pipe

Initial study of invasive approach of electrical capacitance tomography for identifying non-conducting medium in steel pipe application

The paper aims to investigate the possibility of an invasive method for electrical capacitance tomography system for steel pipe application. This work presents the development process for modeling an ECT (Electrical Capacitance Tomography) sensor using COMSOL Multiphysics. COMSOL Multiphysics software is implemented as the main tool to model the ECT system. The 12 electrodes are modeled in 2-dimensional and it is based on the invasive approach. The ECT system is developed to obtain the electrical potential distribution between electrodes when an electric field is applied. Besides, it also obtains the permittivity distribution inside the closed pipe. This invasive approach is applied for the steel pipe that cannot be used with common ECT. Several positions of bubble air as the obstacle in the oil medium are tested. As a result, the sensor readings performance inside the region of interest is analyzed. Simultaneously, the tomograms are also obtained and analyzed using MATLAB software. A linear back-projection algorithm is implemented to reconstruct the image of the region of interest. Thus, the possibility of the ECT system applied for steel pipe can be observed and compared when there is a change of readings between the full oil and the existing obstacle inside the steel pipe. Besides, the tomograms for each condition tested can be observed. In short, the invasive approach for ECT is seen to be possible to apply for oil-gas application in steel pipe. The LBP algorithm with the average MSSIM value around 0.3 was able to detect the oil-gas regime inside the steel pipe

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Islam, Reproductive, Health, and Women's Right

xiii, 275 ha

Islam and Women’s Rights

The Islamic resurgence that has engulfed most Muslim countries today has thrown forth different levels of tension and competing ideologies within these societies: what Islam, whose Islam is the right Islam? Very often, it is the status and rights of women that have become the first casualty in this battleground. The struggle for equality and justice for Muslim women must therefore be placed within the context of women living in Muslim societies where Islam is increasingly shaping and redefining our lives. Very often, it is the Muslim women who are targeted to reflect society’s renewed commitment to the faith in ways that are often discriminatory and oppressive

Kebangkitan islam di Malaysia/ Anwar

xxxi, 111 hal. ; 18 c

Kebangkitan islam di Malaysia/ Anwar

xxxi, 111 hal. ; 18 c