Removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation method

This paper presents on removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation. In this study, floating macrophyte (Pistia stratiotes) was used for phytoremediation of silver nanoparticles. This study investigated the performance of Pistia stratiotes in the removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation method. The silver nanoparticles were green synthesized by using Muntingia calabura sp. leaves as reducing and stabilizing agent. The silver nanoparticles were successful synthesized as a peak appeared at wavelength 450 nm by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while Pistia stratiotes had been acclimatized in tank at laboratory. Similar size of Pistia stratiotes had been employed for investigation. Each selected Pistia stratiotes was placed in 5 L bottles water containing different concentration (0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 2.0 ppm and 3.0 ppm) of silver nanoparticles. This study was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer for five days. The results showed that the highest removal was achieved 69.88% at concentration of 0.5 ppm. This percentage removal relatively decreased up to 55.61% as concentration increase at 3.0 ppm. These results prescribed that phytoremediation of silver nanoparticles by Pistia stratiotes can be considered to apply and implement in water environment for AgNPs removal

Utilization of durian peel as potential adsorbent for bisphenol a removal in aquoeus solution

This study explored the low-cost adsorbent of durian peel for BPA removal from aqueous solutions. The effect of various operational parameters such as contact time, temperature, concentration, agitation and pH on the adsorption of BPA was investigated using the batch adsorption study. It was found that Durian peel can be used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of BPA in aqueous solution after treated with sulfuric acid. The effects of morphology, functional groups, and surface area of adsorbent, before and after pretreatment with sulfuric acid and reaction were investigated by using FESEM, FTIR, and BET. The present study indicates that durian peel had removed 69.63% of BPA with adsorption capacity of 4.178 mg/g for 24 hours. The result proved that this treated agricultural waste was promising material as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of BPA from aqueous solution. Kinetic study of the results gave a pseudo-second order type of mechanism while the adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm

The phytoremediation using water hyacinth and water lettuce : correlation between sugar content, biomass growth rate, and nutrients

Degradation of water quality due to the presence of pollutants in water is an emerging issue in many countries, including Malaysia. Phytoremediation is one of the environmentally friendly, cost-effective conventional technologies that are still used in modern times. However, the selection of plant species is the most important aspect for the application of phytoremediation in wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, there are species of floating aquatic macrophytes that are capable of coping with various pollutants present in wastewater. Among the various floating aquatic macrophyte species, water hyacinth (WH) and water lettuce (WL) have been described as effective phytoremediators in reducing water pollution through bioaccumulation in their body tissues. Hence, WH and WL were chosen in this study as it is easily found, propagated, and cultivated. This paper aims to determine the biosorption capacity of these species in eliminating various pollutants present in wastewater as well as to define the optimum harvesting time for each species. Although these floating aquatic macrophytes are considered the most problematic plants due to their uncontrollable growth in water bodies worldwide, their ability to remove pollutants from wastewater has created a sustainable approach for their use in phytoremediation. In this sense, the use of phytoremediation by implementing the invasive floating aquatic macrophytes can certainly support the sustainable management of wastewater treatment in the future. Based on the results, it was found that WH efficiently removed higher PO4 3-, NO3 - and NO2 - concentrations compared to WL from the wastewater. Both WH and WL showed the same trend of correlation between the growth rate and sugar content, where the sugar content increased when the plants reached the highest growth rate. The maximum nutrient uptake occurred in 14-17 days, proving that nutrient availability is critical for plant growth. This study concludes that the sugar content of WH and WL are increased with the biomass growth rate, and both plants species are competent in eradicating the nutrient pollution in wastewater. On top of that, this study infers that the maximum harvesting period for WH biomass is on day 18, while WL biomass is on day 21; based on the highest sugar content and biomass weight of each species

A two-stage batch system for phosphate removal from wastewater by iron-coated waste mussel shell to assess the optimum adsorbent dosage

High amounts of phosphate discharged in receiving water can lead to eutrophication. Once a water body is enriched with phosphate, it can prompt the growth of plants and cause algal blooms. The water body may also lose its important functions and cause adverse effects on the environment and human health. In this study, removal of phosphate from domestic wastewater treatment plant effluent was elucidated using iron-coated waste mussel shell. The phosphate adsorption by iron-coated waste mussel shell was examined with respect to initial phosphateconcentration (7 mg L–1), solution volume (0.2 L), adsorbent dosage (4–20 g), and contact time (1–5 day). The chemical composition of iron-coated waste mussel shell was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The measurement of the specific surface area of iron-coated waste mussel shell was performed by multiple-point method according to the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller theory. Several kinetic models (i.e., pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order) and isotherm models (i.e., Freundlich and Langmuir) were used to describe the adsorption behavior. The optimum removal efficiency of phosphate can reach at 95.7% after 120 h with the amount of iron-coated waste mussel shell used to run the experiment was 20 g and the treated effluent phosphate concentration of 0.3 mg L–1, was verified. Experimental data can be well described by pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 > 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.93), suggesting that chemisorption and multilayer adsorption occurred. Furthermore, a two-stage batch system was proposed to assess the optimum adsorbent dosage for phosphate removal. The two-stage system has contributed to reduce iron-coated waste mussel shell dosage by 56.94%, as compared to one-stage and thus reduced the operating cost of iron-coated waste mussel shell

Removal of phosphate from synthetic wastewater by using marsh clam (polymesoda expansa) shell as an adsorbent

Phosphate pollution is becoming a serious problem worldwide. It leads to increased algae growth, resulting in eutrophication, which affects the water bodies’ quality, the lives of aquatic organisms, and the daily routines of humankind. Previous research has proven effective chemical precipitation for phosphate removal, but the cost is high and may generate waste material. Thus, this study proposed the marsh clam (Polymesoda expansa) shell as an absorbent due to its abundant availability, low cost, and high absorption capacity of phosphorus. This study was conducted to investigate the removal efficiency of phosphate using raw marsh clamshells. In this study, the concentration of aqueous solution using KH2PO4 was fixed to 10 mg/L of PO4 3− as the initial concentration. The 2 g of mass absorbent (0.075mm, 0.15mm, 0.30 mm, 0.60 mm, 1.18 mm, 2.36 mm) mixed with 100mL of KH2PO4 solution in the conical flask in a certain time interval. The orbital shaker was used for mixing the KH2PO4 solution with the adsorbent. Moreover, HACH DR 6000 Spectrophotometer is then used to determine phosphate concentration for initial and final results. The results were verified using kinetic and isotherm models, where kinetic models used Pseudo First Order (PFO) and Pseudo Second Order (PSO). The isotherm model used the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The optimum performance of the batch experiment showed by the PSO model had the highest correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9965) and the lowest Fe value of 0.086. This study showed that marsh clamshells could remove PO4 3− effectively for 1.18–2.36 mm size with the highest removal efficiency of 73%. The removal of phosphate from domestic wastewater can be an alternative wastewater treatment in tertiary treatment in the field of the wastewater treatment plant

Interpretation of isotherm models for adsorption of ammonium onto granular activated carbon

High amounts of ammonium (NH4+) discharged in receiving water can lead to eutrophication. The adsorption of NH4+ from synthetic solution onto granular activated carbon (GAC) was scrutinized with respect to initial solute concentration (10 mg L-1 ), solution volume (0.2 L), adsorbent dosage (4 – 20 g), and contact time. Experimental data can be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.994) and Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.936), suggesting that chemisorption and multilayer adsorption occurred. Furthermore, this study explored the feasibility of using the Freundlich isotherm model to estimate the removal efficiency or required amount of adsorbent. The result findings indicated that GAC has a good potential to adsorb NH4+ from water and thus giving new insights into environmental engineering practices

Phosphate removal from wastewater in batch system using waste mussel shell

High input of phosphate (PO43–) in rivers can lead to eutrophication, which jeopardizes aquatic life and human health. In this study, PO43– was removed from synthetic solution and domestic wastewater treatment plant effluent (DWTPE) by waste mussel shell (WMS). The PO4 3– adsorption by WMS was examined for the initial PO4 3– concentration (7 mg L-1), solution volume (0.2 L), adsorbent dosage (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 g), and contact time (1-6 d). The batch experiment's optimum performance could reach approximately 75.1% for the removal of PO4 3– from synthetic solution and approximately 66.2% for the removal of PO43– from DWTPE after a contact time of 5 d. This work suggests that the WMS can remove PO43 from both synthetic solution and DWTPE. Future works are necessary to increase WMS's capacity to adsorb PO4 3– from waters, either by physical or chemical modification

Ligninolytic fungus Polyporus sp. S133 mediated metabolic degradation of fluorene

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the impact of nonionic surfactants on the efficacy of fluorine degradation by Polyporus sp. S133 in a liquid culture. Fluorene was observed to be degraded in its entirety by Polyporus sp. S133 subsequent to a 23-day incubation period. The fastest cell growth rate was observed in the initial 7 days in the culture that was supplemented with Tween 80. The degradation process was primarily modulated by the activity of two ligninolytic enzymes, laccase and MnP. The highest laccase activity was stimulated by the addition of Tween 80 (2443 U/L) followed by mixed surfactant (1766 U/L) and Brij 35 (1655 U/L). UV-vis spectroscopy, TLC analysis and mass spectrum analysis of samples subsequent to the degradation process in the culture medium confirmed the biotransformation of fluorene. Two metabolites, 9-fluorenol (λmax 270, tR 8.0 min and m/z 254) and protocatechuic acid (λmax 260, tR 11.3 min and m/z 370), were identified in the treated medium

Removal of cresol red and reactive black 5 dyes by using spent tea leaves and sugarcane baggase powder

Textile wastewater will be the major problems regarding the chemical pollution due to the color effluent that the textile industrial produced. The synthetic dye that will be found in another manufacturing which was can damage not only towards the environment but also a human health. The purpose of this research was to identify the solution for treating the wastewater. One of the pre-treatment to treat the wastewater was by physical method. The method that will be used was adsorption process by using synthetic dyes (Cresol Red and Reactive Black 5) and synthetic water (distilled water). This research will be conducted to determine which agricultural wastes (Spent Tea Leaves and Bagasse Powder) react with the synthetic dyes. Experiments were carried out with agricultural waste sample and the synthetic dyes at 1000ppm concentration. 50ml of both dyes will then mix with the 5 g of agricultural waste for 24 hours to show how the agricultural waste was effective adsorption to the removal of synthetic dyes. The adsorption of Cresol Red and Reactive Black 5 were measured and the most effective adsorption was spent tea leaves on Cresol Red dyes which was the percentage rate removal of adsorption was 68.55 %. The results indicate the higher removal rate shows the more adsorption capacity of the adsorbent