Skills Acquired during Teacher Training Programs (B.Ed & M.Ed) and Skills Required in Actual Classroom

The aim of this study was to explore the differences between the skills developed in teacher training programs and the skills used in the classrooms. The population of this study was 937 Head Masters BPS-17 selected through IBA Sukkur. These Head Masters were selected for primary and Elementary schools by the government of Sindh. Data was collected from the participants through simple random sampling. The sample size for this study was 187 IBA Head Masters all over the Sindh. The questionnaire was used as a research tool to get the responses from IBA selected Head Masters about their teachers who are teaching in their schools.  Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Participants’ responses were analyzed through percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The mean score shows that the majority of teachers don’t have planning (M= 2.31), presentation (M=2.29), and management skills (2.34). The mean score of command over the subject factor is (M= 2.02), appropriate teaching methodologies factor (M= 2.28) and evaluation skills factor (M= 2.22) shows that majority of teachers don’t have command over the subject and they do not use appropriate and modern teaching methodologies. Furthermore, teachers do not have evaluation skills to measure the students learning objectives and to know the students' strengths and weaknesses. It was concluded that whatever teachers learned in the professional trainings do not use those skills in the classrooms because most teachers are not interested in teacher training programs

South Asian students’ migration to, within and from Finland and Sweden: connecting the dots to arrivals and departures

Much of the current research on international student migration is focused on home-to-host and stay-or-leave migration behaviours. However, there is a possibility that international students might migrate within the host country before making their final stay-or-leave migration decisions. This paper adapts stepwise migration theory as an analytical tool with which to investigate the migration behaviour of Indian and Pakistani students. Based on 57 interviews and extensive participant observation, it analyses the factors that prompt South Asian student migration to, within and, subsequently for some, from Finland and Sweden. The findings support the argument that international student migration is multistage. Initial origin-to-destination migration is often insufficient to meet the high-set ambitions of talented young migrants. Disappointment with perceived missing opportunities in the university city or town lays the basis for subsequent intercity and stay-or-leave migration stages. Subsequent migration within the destination country impacts on the students’ stay-or-leave aspirations, while the origin-country situation influences return-or-onward migration decisions

Investigation of behavioral aspects stimulating cycling : a Flanders, Belgium case study

o elevate adoption levels various interventions, programs and stimulants are being introduced in developed countries. In Flanders such programs exist but current accidents, lower safety perceptions raise ambivalence over their effectiveness and raise urge to evaluate them. To address this a survey was conducted. Results imply that aging category is more concerned about safety, infrastructure, while younger age groups are more inclined towards measures i.e. stimulants, environment and social outlook. Working age class has a delicate transition from youth to aging category with evolution of social economic circumstances. Older age individuals also rely more on peer support, while relative younger people like more of an individualist approach. Intervention programs aiming to reduce traffic interaction, exposure between weak and strong road users stimulates in reducing risk perception among cyclists. Results shall be treated as a guideline for programs implicating safety perception, reduce determinants which effect cycling and ultimately elevating cycling levels

Risk-perception formation considering tangible and non-tangible aspects of cycling : a flemish case study

Risk perception influences cycling attributes toward its adoption. Researchers are investigating attributes associated with risk formation. In this study, various attributes were selected which influence the user’s formation of risk perception. For this purpose, an online questionnaire survey was conducted in Flanders, among all segments of the population (N = 774). Participants were asked questions for attributes relating to risk formation. Results suggested that risk formation among users evolves around tangible to non-tangible attributes. The spectrum of risk perception was developed which visualizes risk evolution, considering various attributes. Surprisingly, elements such as “comfort”, surface evenness, and policies were rated as being neutral. Infrastructure and the presence of opposite road users tend to be foreseen as critical factors for risk formation. Risk perception varies depending upon psychometric paradigm shifts, such as dread and unknown risk. This strange notion is considered to lie in a space between dread and unknown risk. This explains the difference in risk perception, knowingly or not knowingly (subconsciously), yet expressing cognitively and evolving inside. This is an interesting finding, but reasons behind such a motive need to be explained. A possible explanation behind such behavior is that people tend to change their responses due to knowledge acquisition during the survey

Determination of residual welding stresses in a steel bridge component by finite element modeling of the incremental hole-drilling method

For welded bridge components, the knowledge of residual stresses induced by welding is essential to determine their effect on the fatigue life behavior resulting in optimal fatigue design and a better knowledge about the fatigue strength of these welded connections. The residual stresses of a welded component in an orthotropic steel bridge deck are determined with the incremental hole-drilling method. This method is specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM E837-13a and it can be used only when the material behavior is linear-elastic. However in the region of the bored hole, there are relaxed plastic strains present that can lead to significant error of the measured stresses. The hole-drilling procedure is simulated with three-dimensional finite element modeling including a simplistic model of plasticity. The effect of plasticity on uniform in-depth residual stresses is determined and it is concluded that residual stresses obtained under the assumption of linear-elastic material behavior are an overestimation. Including plasticity for non-uniform in-depth residual stress fields results in larger tensile and smaller compressive residual stresses. Larger tensile residual stresses cause premature fatigue failure. Therefore, it is important to take these larger tensile residual stresses into account for the fatigue design of a welded component