THE PNEUMATIC TRAINING APPARATUSES WITH ADJUSTABLE ELASTICITY

Introduction Powerful impact loads are present in many sports. Their frequent repetition in athletic training causes overloading and injuries to the motor support apparatus of many athletes. As a result, training loads must be decreased, which disrupts training plans and creates a number of complications. This refers particularly to jumping events. In gymnastics, for example, over 50% of all injuries are related to jumping exercises and the gymnast's landings

Minigap, Parity Effect and Persistent Currents in SNS Nanorings

We have evaluated a proximity-induced minigap in the density of states (DOS) of SNS junctions and SNS nanorings at an arbitrary concentration of non-magnetic impurities. We have demonstrated that an isotropic energy minigap in the electron spectrum opens up already at arbitrarily weak disorder, while angle resolved DOS at higher energies can remain strongly anisotropic. The minigap value $\epsilon_g$ can be tuned by passing a supercurrent through an SNS junction or by applying a magnetic flux $\Phi$ to an SNS ring. A non-monotonous dependence of $\epsilon_g$ on $\Phi$ has been found at weak disorder. We have also studied persistent currents in isolated SNS nanorings. For odd number of electrons in the ring we have found a non-trivial current-phase (current-flux) relation which -- at relatively high disorder -- may lead to a $\pi$-junction state and spontaneous currents in the ground state of the system.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Persistent current noise and electron-electron interactions

We analyze fluctuations of persistent current (PC) produced by a charged quantum particle moving in a ring and interacting with a dissipative environment formed by diffusive electron gas. We demonstrate that in the presence of interactions such PC fluctuations persist down to zero temperature. In the case of weak interactions and/or sufficiently small values of the ring radius $R$ PC noise remains coherent and can be tuned by external magnetic flux $\Phi_x$ piercing the ring. In the opposite limit of strong interactions and/or large values of $R$ fluctuations in the electronic bath strongly suppress quantum coherence of the particle down to $T=0$ and induce incoherent $\Phi_x$-independent current noise in the ring which persists even at $\Phi_x=0$ when the average PC is absent.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Non-local electron transport and cross-resistance peak in NSN heterostructures

We develop a microscopic theory describing the peak in the temperature dependence of the non-local resistance of three-terminal NSN devices. This peak emerges at sufficiently high temperatures as a result of a competition between quasiparticle/charge imbalance and subgap (Andreev) contributions to the conductance matrix. Both the height and the shape of this peak demonstrate the power law dependence on the superconductor thickness $L$ in contrast to the zero-temperature non-local resistance which decays (roughly) exponentially with increasing $L$. A similar behavior was observed in recent experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Strong Electron Tunneling through a Small Metallic Grain

Electron tunneling through mesoscopic metallic grains can be treated perturbatively only provided the tunnel junction conductances are sufficiently small. If it is not the case, fluctuations of the grain charge become strong. As a result (i) contributions of all -- including high energy -- charge states become important and (ii) excited charge states become broadened and essentially overlap. At the same time the grain charge remains discrete and the system conductance $e$-periodically depends on the gate charge. We develop a nonperturbative approach which accounts for all these features and calculate the temperature dependent conductance of the system in the strong tunneling regime at different values of the gate charge.Comment: revtex, 8 pages, 2 .ps figure

Strong Charge Fluctuations in the Single-Electron Box: A Quantum Monte Carlo Analysis

We study strong electron tunneling in the single-electron box, a small metallic island coupled to an electrode by a tunnel junction, by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We obtain results, at arbitrary tunneling strength, for the free energy of this system and the average charge on the island as a function of an external bias voltage. In much of the parameter range an extrapolation to the ground state is possible. Our results for the effective charging energy for strong tunneling are compared to earlier -- in part controversial -- theoretical predictions and Monte Carlo simulations

Magnetic interference patterns in long disordered Josephson junctions

We study a diffusive superconductor - normal metal - superconductor (SNS) junction in an external magnetic field. In the limit of a long junction, we find that the form of the dependence of the Josephson current on the field and on the length of the junction depends on the ratio between the junction width and the length associated with the magnetic field. A certain critical ratio between these two length scales separates two different regimes. In narrow junctions, the critical current exhibits a pure decay as a function of the junction length or of the magnetic field. In wide junctions, the critical current exhibits damped oscillations as a function of the same parameters. This damped oscillating behavior differs from the Fraunhofer pattern typical for short or tunnel junctions. In wide and long junctions, superconducting pair correlations and supercurrent are localized along the edges of the junction.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, minor modifications corresponding to the published versio

Coulomb Interaction and Quantum Transport through a Coherent Scatterer

An interplay between charge discreteness, coherent scattering and Coulomb interaction yields nontrivial effects in quantum transport. We derive a real time effective action and an equivalent quantum Langevin equation for an arbitrary coherent scatterer and evaluate its current-voltage characteristics in the presence of interactions. Within our model, at large conductances $G_0$ and low $T$ (but outside the instanton-dominated regime) the interaction correction to $G_0$ saturates and causes conductance suppression by a universal factor which depends only on the type of the conductor.Comment: 4 pages, no figure

An integrative approach to correcting the physical condition of pupils of secondary schools during physical training as a pedagogical problem = Інтегративний підхід до корекції фізичного стану учнів ЗНЗ під час занять фізичною культурою як педагогічна проблема

Schislovsky S. V., Iedinak G. A., Zaikin A. V. An integrative approach to correcting the physical condition of pupils of secondary schools during physical training as a pedagogical problem = Інтегративний підхід до корекції фізичного стану учнів ЗНЗ під час занять фізичною культурою як педагогічна проблема. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(10):653-667. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.221371http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4110https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/771253   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.10.2016. Revised 02.10.2016. Accepted: 21.10.2016.   ІНТЕГРАТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО КОРЕКЦІЇ ФІЗИЧНОГО СТАНУ УЧНІВЗНЗ ПІД ЧАС ЗАНЯТЬ ФІЗИЧНОЮ КУЛЬТУРОЮ ЯК ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА С. В. СцісловськийКам’янець-Подільський національний університет імені Івана Огієнка, Україна;Г. А. ЄдинакЛьвівський державний університет фізичної культури, Україна;А. В. ЗаікінКам’янець-Подільський національний університет імені Івана Огієнка, Україна Анотація. Проаналізовано інформацію документальних матеріалів і наукової літератури, пов’язану з підходами, що на сучасному етапі є провідними у корекції фізичного стану учнів загальноосвітнього навчального закладу під час занять фізичною культурою. Встановлено недостатню дієвість підходів, що використовуються під час занять фізичною культурою для вирішення завдання з поліпшення показників фізичного стану учнів. Виявлено, що перспективним є використання інтегративного підходу, який передбачає врахування стійких форм інтегральної індивідуальності кожного учня. Однією з таких форм є тип соматичної конституції, а представники існуючих типів відрізняються за значеннями більшості показників фізичного стану. У зв’язку з цим один із перспективних напрямів розв’язання проблеми, що розглядається, полягає в урахуванні в учнів таких типів і наданні представникам кожного з них програми, виконання якої забезпечить поліпшення їх фізичного стану.Kлючові слова: фізична культура, загальноосвітня школа, учні, соматотип. Schislovsky S. V., Iedinak G. A., Zaikin A. V. An integrative approach to correcting the physical condition of pupils of secondary schools during physical training as a pedagogical problem. Summary. The information was analyzed and documentary material scientific literature relating to approaches that are at present major correction in the physical condition of students of an educational institution during their physical training. Established lack of effectiveness of approaches used during physical training for the task of improvement in the physical condition of students. Revealed that promising is to use an integrative approach that takes into consideration sustainable forms of integrated individuality of each student. One of these forms is the type of somatic constitution, and representatives of existing types differ in the values of most indicators of physical condition. In this regard, one of the promising directions of solving the problem in question is the account of the students and providing these types of representatives of each program, implementation of which will ensure improvement of their physical condition.Key words: physical education, secondary school, students, somatotype

Low-temperature characterization of Nb-Cu-Nb weak links with Ar ion-cleaned interfaces

We characterize niobium-based lateral Superconductor (S) - Normal metal (N) - Superconductor weak links through low-temperature switching current measurements and tunnel spectroscopy. We fabricate the SNS devices in two separate lithography and deposition steps, combined with strong argon ion cleaning before the normal metal deposition in the last step. Our SNS weak link consists of high-quality sputtered Nb electrodes that are contacted with evaporated Cu. The two-step fabrication flow enables great flexibility in the choice of materials and pattern design. A comparison of the temperature-dependent equilibrium critical supercurrent with theoretical predictions indicates that the quality of the Nb-Cu interface is similar to that of evaporated Al-Cu weak links. Aiming at increased sensitivity, range of operation temperatures, and thermal isolation, we investigate how these SNS structures can be combined with shadow-evaporated aluminum tunnel junctions for sensor applications that utilize the superconducting proximity effect. To this end, we demonstrate a hybrid magnetic flux sensor based on a Nb-Cu-Nb SNS junction, where the phase-dependent normal metal density of states is probed with an Al tunnel junction.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure