The effect of silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of intraradicular dentin pretreatment with silver nanoparticles (SNPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs), and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TNPs) on the push-out bond strength (PBS) of fiber posts to root dentin using two types of resin cements. Eighty single-rooted human premolar roots were randomly divided into eight groups after endodontic treatment and post space preparation, according to the type of intraradicular dentin pretreatment with different nanoparticle solutions (n=20). The groups included no pretreatment (control) and pretreatments with SNPs, ZNPs, and TNPs. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n=10) according to cementation: Excite DSC/Variolink II and ED Primer II/Panavia F2.0. The PBS values were measured in different areas of the post space. The data were subjected to the three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p=0.05). The SNP-pretreated groups showed significantly higher PBS values than the other groups. No significant differences in PBS were noted among the control, ZNP-pretreated, and TNP-pretreated groups. There was no significant difference in the PBS of the fiber posts with respect to cement type. The PBS was significantly lower in the apical region than in the other two regions. There was no statistically significant difference between the PBSs of the cervical and middle thirds. Intraradicular dentin pretreatment with SNPs, TNPs, and ZNPs did not interfere with the PBS of the fiber posts. The best result was obtained for the SNP-pretreated groups for both types of cement. Also, the lowest PBS was found in the apical third of the root canal spaces

Effect of laser heat treatment on Pull-out bond strength of fiber posts treated with different silanes

This study evaluated the effect of three different silanes and post-silanization treatments on the retentive strength of fiber posts luted with an etch-and-rinse resin cement. One hundred intact maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into 10 groups after endodontic treatment and post space preparation (n=10). The fiber posts were etched using 24% hydrogen peroxide. Posts of the control group did not receive silane. In nine experimental groups, each of the three silanes used, Scotchbond Universal adhesive, Bis-Silane and Porcelain Primer, was subjected to three treatments: air-drying at 25°C, warm air-drying and CO2 laser heat treatment. After cementation of the treated posts using One-Step Plus/Duo-Link cement, the specimens were stored for one weak and then subjected to pull-out bond strength (PBS) testing. The data in Newton (N) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (?=0.05). PBS was significantly affected by silane type and post-silanization treatment (p<0.001). The interaction of the two factors was not statistically significant (p=0.15). The effect of Porcelain Primer on PBS was significantly higher than those of universal adhesive (p<0.001) and Bis-Silane (p=0.01), with similar results for the two latter. Warm air-drying and laser treatment significantly increased PBS (p<0.001). The lowest and highest PBS was obtained in the control (no silane) group (190.9±31) and laser-treated/ Porcelain Primer group (377.1±50), respectively. Warm air-drying and CO2 laser heat treatment had a significantly beneficial effect on retentive strength of fiber posts. Porcelain Primer was significantly more effective than universal adhesive and Bis-Silane

Mechanical and dentin bond strength properties of the nanosilver enriched glass ionomer cement

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties and dentin microshear bond strength of a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) compared to GIC supplemented with silver nanoparticles (SNPs) at 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w). SNPs were incorporated into a conventional GIC at 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w). The unmodified GIC was used as the control group. Compressive strength, flexural strength, and micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) to dentin were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Surface microhardness was determined using a Vickers microhardness tester. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey?s test. GICs containing 0.1% and 0.2% (w/w) SNPs significantly improved compressive strength, surface microhardness, and dentin µSBS compared to the unmodified GIC (p<0.05). A significant increase in the flexural strength was found for the GIC containing 0.2% (w/w) SNPs (p<0.05). However, the GIC containing 0.1% (w/w) SNPs did not affect flexural strength. GIC supplemented with SNP is a promising material for restoration because of its improved mechanical and bond strength properties. Therefore, it may be suggested for use especially in higher stress-bearing site restorations

Effect of proanthocyanidin mediated immediate and delayed dentin sealing on the strength of premolars restored with composite resin inlay

Immediate dentin sealing (IDS) with proanthocyanidin (PA) could be used before cementation with a self-adhesive (SA) cement. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of PA treatment on acid-etched dentin before adhesive application, in IDS and delayed dentin sealing (DDS), on the strengthening property of SA-cemented composite resin inlay in premolars. Eighty-four maxillary premolars were divided into 7 groups (n=12): 1) (Intact) Sound teeth served as controls; groups 2-7) After cavity preparation and fabrication of composite resin inlay, temporary inlays were made and cemented. After one week, the inlays were removed and composite inlays were luted with a self-adhesive resin cement as follows: 2) (SA) Without dentin- pretreatment; 3) (DDS) Etch-and-rinse adhesive before the cementation; 4) (DDS/PA) PA treatment of acid-etched dentin before the adhesive, followed by the cementation; 5) (Etch/PA) PA treatment of acid-etched dentin before the cementation; 6 and 7) (IDS and IDS/PA) Application of IDS without or with PA treatment, respectively, one week before the cementation. After thermo-mechanical aging, fracture resistance (FR) was tested. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane tests (?=0.05). There was a significant difference between the study groups (P0.05). The effect of PA on FR in the IDS and DDS techniques was not significant. IDS with or without PA treatment considerably improved the strength of premolars with self-adhesive-cemented inlay, while the value of only IDS with PA treatment reached the level of the sound teeth

Investigating Barriers to Promoting Oral Health in Students with hearing impairment from Mothers' Perspective: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Objectives Studies have shown the high prevalence of dental caries, negligence of oral health, and unmet dental care needs among children with hearing impairment compared to their healthy peers. This study was conducted to determine the barriers to oral health of children with hearing impairment from the perspective of their mothers. Methods In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 mothers based on purposive sampling in order to investigate the factors affecting compliance with oral health. Interviews were recorded, handwritten, coded and classified; and for content analysis, Graneheim and Lundman's qualitative approach was used. Results As a result of the data analysis, the three main themes of “the effects of general health status, the effects of instruction and learning, and problems in receiving dental health care services” were identified as barriers to good oral health. Moreover,&nbsp; nine sub-themes of “inadequate education regarding oral health, parental insufficient supervision, shortages in dentistry service delivery systems, obstacles hindering mother from pursuing services, lack of guidelines for offering free periodical dental examinations for children with special needs, the impact of improper nutritional habits on oral health, children’s mental problems, unfavorable oral health conditions, and&nbsp; the impact of oral health on the child’s general health" were obtained. Conclusion Inadequate education in the field of oral health and difficulties in receiving dental services were identified as the most important factors affecting oral health in children with hearing impairment from their mothers' perspective.

Effect of slow stroke back massage on anxiety in patients with stroke- A randomized clinical trial

زمینه و هدف: سکته ی ‌مغزی یک بیماری ناتوان کننده می‌باشد که استقلال بیمار را در انجام فعالیت های روزمره به شدت محدود نموده و باعث اضطراب بیمار می شود. ماساژ درمانی به عنوان یک هنر مفید و مؤثر در حرفه پرستاری شناخته شده است که یکی از انواع آن، ماساژ استروک سطحی پشت (SSBM) می باشد. لذا پژوهش حاضر به منظور تعیین تأثیر ماساژ SSBM بر اضطراب بیماران مبتلا به سکته ی مغزی انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش کارآزمایی بالینی که به صورت نیمه تجربی انجام شد، تعداد 34 بیمار از میان 70 بیمار مراجعه کننده به مرکز توانبخشی تبسم شهر تهران در سال 1389 انتخاب شدند و به روش تصادفی در دو گروه مداخله و شاهد قرار گرفتند. ابزار گرد آوری داده ها شامل پرسشنامه های مشخصات دموگرافیک و اضطراب آشکار اسپیل‌برگر بود. میزان اضطراب قبل و 24 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه ماساژ SSBM در گروه ها ارزیابی و مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین نمره اضطراب قبل از مداخله در گروه آزمون 8/25±61/40 و در گروه شاهد 3/85±61/80 بود که از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معناداری را نشان نداد (P>0/05). پس از مداخله میانگین نمره اضطراب گروه آزمون 4/62±34/60 و گروه شاهد 3/44±58/80 بدست آمد که تفاوت معناداری را نسبت به قبل از آزمون نشان داد (0/001>P). نتیجه گیری: بکارگیری ماساژ SSBM توسط پرسنل درمانی و مراقبتی می‌تواند گام مؤثری در پیشگیری یا کاهش اضطراب مبتلایان به سکته ی مغزی محسوب گردد

Effectiveness of Massage Therapy on Muscular Tension and Relaxation of Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery-A randomized clinical trial

زمینه و هدف: تنش عضلانی و بدنبال آن احساس نا آرامی از مشکلات شایع بعد از عمل بیماران تحت جراحی پیوند عروق کرونر می باشند. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین تأثیر ماساژ درمانی بر تنش عضلانی و احساس آرامش بعد از عمل بیماران تحت جراحی پیوند عروق کرونر بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی سازی شده تعداد 72 بیمار تحت عمل جراحی بای پاس عروق کرونر بستری در بیمارستان شهید چمران شهر اصفهان انتخاب و بطور تصادفی در دو گروه مداخله و کنترل تقسیم شدند. بیماران گروه مداخله ماساژ استروک سطحی در روزهای 3 تا 6 بعد از عمل جراحی دریافت و بیماران گروه کنترل تنها مراقبت های روتین را دریافت کردند. متغیرهای تنش عضلانی و احساس آرامش قبل و بعد از مداخله در روزهای اول، دوم، سوم و چهارم با استفاده از مقیاس معیاری دیداری ثبت گردیدند. یافته ها: اختلاف معنی داری بین تنش عضلانی در دو گروه مداخله و کنترل بعد از انجام مداخله مشاهده شد (0/001>P). همچنین نتایج نشان داد از نظر احساس آرامش نیز اختلاف معنی داری بین دو گروه مداخله و کنترل بعد از انجام مداخله وجود دارد (0/001>P). نتیجه گیری: استفاده از ماساژ استروک سطحی می تواند باعث کاهش تنش عضلانی و افزایش احساس آرامش بعد از عمل بیماران تحت جراحی پیوند عروق کرونر شود. به نظر می رسد این روش با توجه به سادگی و کم هزینه بودن، می تواند بعنوان مکمل مناسبی برای دارودرمانی و مداخلات بعد از عمل در این بیماران مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Following Honeybee Envenomation: A Case Report

Background: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a rare and life-threatening disorder characterized by severe thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, fever, renal dysfunction, and neurological deficient. TTP leads to the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body. TTP is associated with many risk factors such as pregnancy, HIV, cancer, lupus, and infections. Recently there have been few published case reports of bee sting associated TTP.Methods: A 67-year-old man from a rural area of the Southwest Province of Iran, Ilam, was referred to the academic general hospital because of fever, chills, sweating, vomiting and dizziness following the honeybee sting on his body. Results: this study showed that,multiple co-morbidities including CVD and diabetes, along with coagulation abnormalities after honeybee stings, seriously exacerbated patient hemodynamic status.Conclusion: TTP, as a major complication due to the toxic reaction of a large number of bee stings with underlying diseases in patients, should be given more attention

Investigating the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Entrepreneurship Competencies of Third Year High Schools Students in the City of Langarod

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship competencies of third year high schools students in the city of Langarod in 2012-2013 academic years. The research method is correlation. The statistical population of this study includes third year high school students in the city of Langarod. The population consists of 409 members. A sample of 300 students has been selected from this population through simple random sampling method. The questionnaires of entrepreneurship personality characteristics and emotional intelligence have been used for collecting the research data. The first questionnaire has been developed and standardized by Kordnaeich et al. in 2007. They reported reliabilitycoefficient of the questionnaire 0.92 and its validity coefficient 0.74. On the other hand, emotional intelligence of Shiring (1999) has been used for measuring emotional intelligence. They reported reliability of the questionnaire 0.85 and its validity coefficient 0.63. In order to analyze the research data and test the hypotheses, SPSS has been used. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship competencies (r= 0.148, p=0.019). Another part of the results revealed that there is a significant relationship between self-consciousand entrepreneurship competencies (r= 0.152, p= 0.016). But any significant relationship has not been observed between self-regulatory and entrepreneurship competencies (r= 0.188, p= 0.083). In addition, the relationship between motivation and entrepreneurship competencies was significant (r= 0.557, p= 0.037). Based on another part of our findings, there is a significant relationship between empathy and entrepreneurship competencies (r= 0.222, p= 0.000). Finally, a significant relationship was observed between social skills and entrepreneurship competencies (r= 0.806, p= 0.016). Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship competencies, emotional intelligence, third year high school student

Assessment of Uncivil Behaviors of Teachers and Students in Nursing and Midwifery faculties of Shahrekord

Introduction: The aim of this study was determining the uncivil behaviors of teachers and students, in nursery and midwifery schools of Shahrekord in 2016. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire containing questions on uncivil behavior (disruptive and threatening). Participants were 20 teachers and 150 students of Nursing and Midwifery department of Shahrekord university of Medical Sciences from three fields (nursing, operating room and midwifery). The collected data was analyzed in the form of mean, standard deviation, percent and frequency and analytical tests such as Pearson, chi-square and Phi. Results: The average age of the fifty participants from each field of study was 54/4 ± 06/22 years. Of the 20 professors participating in the study, 90% were female and the average age was 38/9 ± 43/43 years. According to the findings, the participants thought the prevalence of uncivil behaviors was moderate. Professors found students more responsible for such behaviors (40% vs. 60%) while students believed both groups of participants were guilty. Conclusion: Although the frequency and severity of uncivil behaviors by students and teachers were not considerable, but due to the negative effects of such behaviors in learning and teaching environments, appropriate strategies to improve learning environments is highly necessary