The Relationship between parenting styles and Attachment Styles in men and women with infidelity

AbstractMarital infidelity is one of the major reasons of divorce and ruining the marital life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of parenting styles and attachment styles in those who had infidelities in their marital life. 90 participants (48women and42 men) who came to the welfare centres in Tehran province from Oct. 2009 to Oct. 2010 for infidelity completed the questionnaires. The instruments of current study were parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and Adult Attachment style Questionnaire (AAQ), which were completed by them. The result of analyzing the data showed that the attachment style of those who had infidelity in their marital life were avoiding attachment style also the result of Pearson correlation test demonstrated that there was a positive significant relationship between authoritarian parenting style and avoidant attachment style

Transformation Fava Beans by Agrobacterium using Chitinase, Glucanase and CryIA (b) genes

In this study two plasmid vectors that are appropriate for plant transformation were made by preparation of gene cassettes for β-1, 3-glucanase from barley, chitinase from bean and cryIA (b) from Bacillus thuringiensis (BT). Each of these genes were cloned under the control of the CaMV35S  promoter and the Nos terminator in pBI121 binary vector. pBI-Chi  and pBI-Glu and recombinant plasmid vectors were constructed via cloning of chitinase , β-1,3- glucanase and cryIA (b) genes, respectively, instead of the gus gene in T-DNA region of pBI121 vector. Construction of pBI-ChiGlu recombinant plasmid vector was performed by means of cloning both of the complete chitinase and glucanase gene cassettes in pBI121 vector, with the intention of production synergistic effects against fungal infection.pBI-ChiBt  recombinant plasmid vector containing both of the complete chitinase and Bt gene cassettes was also constructed in order to contemporaneous plants resistance to pest pathogens and fungal in a single transformation event. pBI-ChiGlu and pBI-ChiBt that have been  introduced into the A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 that was subsequently used for  transformation. Results indicate that embryogenic calli are well appropriate as objective material for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in Faba bean.Seventeen well established shoots  were transferred to new MLS medium including suitable  antibiotics.Finally six independent transgenic plants were successfully rooted on kanamycin-containing  selection media and then transferred to soil after 20 days .Four plants out of six putative transgenic plants displaied to contain the end part of the chit transgene and nos terminator.The corresponding  piece, 700 bp of the chit gene, was amplified using specific primer.These putative transgenic plants were also be measured for the presence of the bgn13.1 and cryIA (b) genes by PCR using specific primers.Two  pieces with expected sizes (1221 bp and 640 bp) for bgn13.1 and cryIA (b) genes subsequently was amplified from three the transgenic plants and other three plants had not these fragments.A group of virG primers was used to discover Agrobacterium pollution that might have threw off the selection. Expression of chit , and β-1,3-glucanase genes at the transcriptional level in the transformed plants were proven by means of RT-PCR but expression of cryIA(b)was not proven.The expected dimension of the amplified cDNA pieces were identificated in the transformed plants,that confirming the permanent annexation and expression of T-DNA in the genome of kanamycin-screened plants

Ispitivanje značajka domova djece s alergijskim rinitisom i astmom

The prevalence of allergic diseases, especially asthma and allergic rhinitis, has dramatically increased during the last decades. Mite and cockroach, which are the most common allergens in house dust, are the major indoor allergens in asthmatic and allergic rhinitis patients. The aim of this study was to compare the association between age of dwelling and some other home characteristics in asthmatic and allergic rhinitis children, who had positive skin prick test to mite and cockroaches, with allergic patient with negative skin test. Thirty-six asthmatic and allergic rhinitis children with positive skin prick test to mite and cockroach allergens, and 34 allergic rhinitis and asthmatic children with negative skin prick test to these allergens were enrolled in this study. Data on home characteristics, including age of homes, kind of carpeting, floor of home and number of rooms in the building, were collected by telephone questionnaire. The mean age of buildings was higher in the group of children sensitive to mite and cockroach (22.4±12.9 vs. 16.3±13.9 years), but the difference was not significant. However, when patients sensitive to mite only were compared to control patients, the difference was significant (p=0.025). There was no significant difference in the number of floor, rooms, kind of carpet and other features of building between the case and control group. There was a significant relationship between mite allergy and building age, which could be important for the policy of allergy control in the society. However, further studies are needed to clarify the association between more specific home characteristics and allergy diseases.Učestalost alergijskih bolesti, poglavito astme i alergijskog rinitisa, bilježi znatan porast posljednjih desetljeća. Grinje i žohari kao najčešći alergeni u kućnoj prašini glavni su alergeni na koje nailaze osobe s alergijom i alergijskim rinitisom u zatvorenom prostoru. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je usporediti povezanost starosti objekta i neke druge značajke domova kod djece s astmom i alergijskim rinitisom te s pozitivnim kožnim testom na grinje i žohare s vrijednostima istih kod djece s astmom i alergijskim rinitisom, ali s negativnim kožnim testom na grinje i žohare. U studiju je bilo uključeno 36 djece s astmom i alergijskim rinitisom te s pozitivnim kožnim testom na grinje i žohare i 34 djece s astmom i alergijskim rinitisom, ali s negativnim kožnim testom na grinje i žohare. Podatci o značajkama doma uključujući starost zgrade, vrst zidne obloge, kat i broj soba u zgradi prikupljeni su telefonskim anketiranjem roditelja. Srednja starost zgrade u kojoj žive bila je veća kod djece osjetljive na grinje i žohare nego u djece koja nisu pokazala osjetljivost na ove alergene (22,4±12,9 prema 16,3±13,9 years), ali razlika nije bila značajna. Međutim, kad su s kontrolnom skupinom uspoređena djeca osjetljiva samo na grinje, tada je razlika bila značajna (p=0,025). Nije bilo nikakve razlike između dviju skupina u odnosu na kat, broj soba, vrst zidne obloge i druge značajke zgrade. Dakle, utvrđena je značajna povezanost alergije na grinje i starosti zgrada, što bi moglo biti važno u planiranju aktivnosti za suzbijanje alergije u društvu. Potrebna su daljnja ispitivanja kako bi se pojasnila udruženost nekih specifičnih značajka zgrada i alergijskih bolesti

A Study of Urodynamic Findings in Children Presenting with Urinary Tract Infection with and Without Reflux

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are common in childhood and are frequently associated with abnormalities of the urinary tract. UTIs are the leading cause of morbidity in patients with neurologic bladder; this causes recurrent UTIs and Chronic Kidney Injury& Disease (CKD) that affects their quality of life. Children with UTIs are mostly neurologically intact, but may have infections as a result of a voiding dysfunction. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between occult bladder dysfunction and recurrent UTIs in our patients.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 210 children aged 10 months to 15 years presenting with UTI with/without reflux who were admitted to the Nephrology Ward of Mofid Children’s Hospital between April 2011 and September 2013 using convenient sampling. Statistic analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann Whitney test, Fisher’s Exact test, and odds ratio, and p values <0.05 were considered significant.Results: Of 210 Children 74% were female and 26% were male. 25% had one, 25% had two, 31% had 3, and 19% had more than 3 episodes of UTI. Eighty percent of the female and 56% of the male children had recurrent UTI (P: 0.004, odds ratio: 0.361). Fifty eight percent of the patients had Vesicoureteral Reflux which was bilateral in 34% of them. There was no correlation between UTI and Urinary Reflux (P=0.152, odds ratio=1.591) and also no correlation was detected between urodynamic findings and urinary reflux(P=0.243, odds ratio=1.485). Seventy six percent of the children with recurrent UTI had abnormal urodynamic results.Conclusions: Since many children with recurrent UTI and multiple renal scars have bladder dysfunction, it is recommended that urodynamic studies should be included in the evaluation of every child with recurrent UTI and renal scar.Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections; urodynamics; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux; Chil

An Application of Nasal Drug Delivery for Management of Head and Neck Diseases from the Perspective of Persian Medicine

زمینه و هدف: امروزه دارورسانی از راه بینی، به عنوان یک روش جایگزین برای تزریق و مصرف خوراکی دارو در نظر گرفته می‏شود. این روش در طب سنتی ایرانی، به عنوان یکی از مسیرهای مصرف دارو مورد توجه بوده است. هدف از این مطالعه، معرفی الگوهای دارورسانی از مسیر بینی از دیدگاه طب سنتی ایرانی در بیماری‏های سر و گردن در دوره تمدن اسلامی است. مواد و روش‌ها: بخش‏های مرتبط با بیماری‏های سر و گردن از کتب مرجع طب سنتی ایرانی (قرن 3 تا 13 ق.) استخراج گردید. مطالب مرتبط با واژگان کلیدی مطالعه و مترادفات آن‌ها به صورت خط به خط مطالعه و فیش‏برداری شد. مستندات جمع‌آوری‌شده بر اساس بازه زمانی، روش مورد اشاره و نوع بیماری طبقه‌بندی شدند. ملاحظات اخلاقی: صداقت و امانتداری در ارجاع متون به رفرنس‌های مورد استفاده رعایت گردید. یافته‌ها: اَشکال دارورسانی از راه بینی شامل جامدات به صورت پودرهای دمیدنی‌ درون بینی (نفوخ، عطوس)، پاشیدنی‏ها (ذرور) و خمیرها (شیاف و فتیله)، مایعات به صورت چکاندنی (سعوط) و استنشاقی (نشوق) و انواع گازی بخور، حمام بخار (انکباب)، بوییدنی (لخلخه، شموم، غوالی) طبقه‌بندی می‌شدند. سعوط بیشتر از سایر روش‏ها مورد استفاده بود و سردرد رایج‌ترین بیماری بود که این روش برای آن استفاده می‌شد. نتیجه‌گیری: دارورسانی از راه بینی در طب سنتی ایرانی برای چندین نوع بیماری مورد استفاده قرار می‌گرفت. این روش با محاسنی مانند کاربرد آسان، غالباً بدون درد، مقرون به صرفه و سرعت جذب بالا و محدودیت‏هایی مانند احتمال آسیب مخاط بینی، محدودیت در انتقال دارو از راه بینی و عدم خروج دارو پس از استفاده، از پتانسیل بالایی برای تحقیقات آینده برخوردار است.Background and Aim: Nowadays, nasal drug delivery (NDD) is much considered as an appropriate alternative method instead of oral and parenteral injection. These approaches were presented in Persian Medicine (PM) as an important way of drug administration especially for neurological disorders. The aim of this study is to introduce types of NDD from the viewpoint of PM for head and neck diseases in the period of Islamic civilization. Materials and Methods: The parts related to head and neck diseases were searched in the main PM reference books from the 3rd to the 13th century. Documents related to study keywords including Inkibab, Bakhur, Zaroor, Saoot, Shamoom, Shiaf, Atoos, Ghavali, Lakhlakhah, Nashoogh, Nafookh and their similarities were copied and studied line-by-line. The collected documents were categorized by timeframe, the method mentioned and type of disease. Ethical Considerations: Honesty and trustfulness were observed by referring texts to the refrences used. Findings: NDD forms including solids were classified into nasal insufflation (Nafookh, Atoos), splashes (Zarur) and dough (wax) includind suppository and wick, liquids were as nasal dibbling (Saoot) and liquid sniff formulations (Nashoogh) and gaseous forms were as fumigation (Bakhoor), vapor bath (Inkibab), inhalation (Lakhlakhah), aromatic agents (Shamoom, Ghavali). Saoot was used more than the other methods and the illness which most recommended was headache. Discussion and Conclusion: NDD were advised in PM for several diseases. This method with a lot of benefits like easy to use, often painless, affordable and high efficiency and some side effects such as nasal mucosal injury, limitation in drug transmission through the nose and no drug withdrawal after usage has high potential for future researches.   Please cite this article as: Allah Gholipur M, Gorji N, Moeini R, Memariani Z. An Application of Nasal Drug Delivery for Management of Head and Neck Diseases from the Perspective of Persian Medicine. Med Hist J 2019; 11(40): 89-105

HLA-B*1502 in Iranian Children with Anticonvulsant Drugs-Induced Skin Reactions

How to Cite This Article: Tonekaboni SH, Jafari N, Mansouri M, Jabbehdari S, Eftekhari R, Chavoshzadeh Z, Abdollah Gorji F, Mesdaghi M. HLA-B*1502 in Iranian Children with Anticonvulsant Drugs-Induced Skin Reactions. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2017; 11(2):26-30. AbstractObjectiveAnticonvulsant drugs can cause various forms of skin drug reactions, ranging from exanthema to severe blistering reactions. An association between HLA-B*1502 allele and severe skin reactions have been reported.Materials & Methods Fifteen patients with severe skin reactions following treatment with anticonvulsant drugs (Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, primidone) and 15 controls (age-matched epileptic patients taking similar anticonvulsants without drug eruption) were included. They were referred to Mofid Children’s Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between Jan 2012 to Jan 2014. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of all patients and HLA- B*1502 genotype was detected by real-time PCR.Results None of the patients was positive for HLA- B*1502, but two patients in control group had positive HLA- B*1502.Conclusion The HLA- B*1502 is not correlated with severe anticonvulsant drugs -induced skin reactions in Iranian children. References 1.Roujeau JC. Clinical heterogeneity of drug hypersensitivity. Toxicology 2005; 209: 123 –9.2.McCormack M, Alfirevic A, Bourgeois S, Farrell JJ, Kasperavičiūtė D, Carrington M, et al. HLA-A*3101 and carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions in Europeans. N Engl J Med 2011; 364(12):1134-43.3.Daly AK, Donaldson PT, Bhatnagar P, Shen Y, Pe’er I, Floratos A, et al. HLA-B*5701 genotype is a major determinant of drug-induced liver injury due to flucloxacillin. Nat Genetic 2009; 41:816–9.4.Amstutz U, Ross CJ, Castro-Pastrana LI, Rieder MJ, Shear NH, Hayden MR, Carleton BC. CPNDS Consortium; HLA-A 31:01 and HLA-B 15:02 as genetic markers for carbamazepine hypersensitivity in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94(1):142-9.5.Man CB, Kwan P, Baum L, Yu E, Lau KM, Cheng AS, Ng MH. Association between HLA-B*1502 allele and antiepileptic drug-induced cutaneous reactions in Han Chinese. Epilepsia 2007; 48(5):1015-8.6.Zeng T, Long YS, Min FL, Liao WP, Shi YW. Association of HLA-B*1502 allele with lamotrigine-induced Stevens– Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Han Chinese subjects: a meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54(4):488-93.7.Bastuji-Garin S, Rzany B, Stern RS, Shear NH, Naldi L, Roujeau JC. Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme. Arch Dermatol 1993; 129(1):92-6.8. Hung SI, Chung WH, Jee SH, Chen WC, Chang YT, Lee WR, et al. Genetic susceptibility to carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2006; 16(4):297-306.9. Wang Q, Zhou JQ, Zhou LM, Chen ZY, Fang ZY, Chen SD, et al. Association between HLA-B*1502 allele and carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in Han people of southern China mainlan. Seizure 2011; 20 (6):446-8.10. Li LJ, Hu FY, Wu XT, An DM, Yan B, Zhou D. Predictive markers for carbamazepine and lamotrigine-induced maculopapular exanthema in Han Chinese. Epilepsy Res 2013; 106 (1-2):296-300.11. Kim SH, Lee KW, Song WJ, Kim SH, Jee YK, Lee SM, et al; Adverse Drug Reaction Research Group in Korea. Carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions and HLA genotypes in Koreans. Epilepsy Res 2011; 97 (1-2):190-7.12. Criado PR, Criado RFJ, Avancini JM, Santi CG. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS): a review of current concepts. An Bras Dermatol 2012; 87(3):435–49.13. Chung WH, Hung SI, Hong HS, Hsih MS, Yang LC, Ho HC, et al. Medical genetics: a marker for Stevens– Johnson syndrome. Nature 2004; 428: 486.14. Man CB, Kwan P, Baum L, Yu E, Lau KM, Cheng AS, Ng MH. Association between HLA-B*1502 allele and antiepileptic drug induced cutaneous reactions in Han Chinese. Epilepsia 2007; 48: 1015–8.15. Locharernkul C, Loplumlert J, Limotai C, Korkij W, Desudchit T, Tongkobpetch S, et al. Carbamazepine and phenytoin induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome is associated with HLA-B*1502 allele in Thai population. Epilepsia 2008; 49:2087–91.16. Kaniwa N, Saito Y, Aihara M, Matsunaga K, Tohkin M, Kurose K, et al. HLA-B locus in Japanese patients with anti-epileptics and allopurinol-related Stevens– Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9: 1617–22.17. Alfirevic A, Jorgensen AL, Williamson PR, Chadwick DW, Park BK, Pirmohamed M. HLA-B locus in Caucasian patients with carbamazepine hypersensitivity. Pharmacogenomics 2006; 7: 813–8.18. Tangamornsuksan W, Chaiyakunapruk N, Somkrua R, Lohitnavy M, Tassaneeyakul W. Relationship between the HLA-B*1502 allele and carbamazepine-induced Stevens- Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2013; 149(9):1025-32

Relationship between the Patients’ Setup Errors with Dosimetric and Radiobiologic Parameters in Whole Breast Radiotherapy

parameters for left-sided Whole-Breast Irradiation (WBI) in three different radiotherapy techniques, including Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Field-In-Field (FIF), and Conventional Wedge (CW). Materials and Methods: Computed Tomography (CT) images of 10 female patients with early-stage left-sided breast cancer were used to simulate different radiotherapy techniques (IMRT, FIF, and CW). The dosimetric parameters; Conformity Index (CI), Homogeneity Index (HI), the dose received by at least 95% (D95%) of Planning Tumor Volume (PTV), the volume of lung and heart that respectively received at least 20% (V20%) and 40% (V40%) of the prescribed dose, as well as, the radiobiologic parameters, including Tumor Control Probability (TCP) and Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) were assessed for setup errors in patients. The setup errors were assessed by shifting the isocenters and gantry angles of the treatment plans. Results: The D95% of the PTV for an isocenter misplacement plan in the posterior direction decreased by 66.99 (IMRT), 71.86 (CW), and 68.25% (FIF). The TCP of the PTV was reduced by 26.66, 39.16, and 36.97% for IMRT, CW, and FIF techniques, respectively. Increasing gantry angle by a ±10 degree caused a 43%, 41%, and 41% decrease in the D95% of IMRT, FIF, and CW techniques, respectively. The TCP values decreased about 18% in all three techniques with a ±10 degree gantry angle shift; however, the NTCP values of the heart and lungs increased for all three methods. The CI and HI values had significantly more changes with increasing setup errors in the IMRT than in the two techniques. Conclusion: The radiobiologic parameters in IMRT were less sensitive to setup errors compared to FIF and CW techniques. The radiobiological parameters can help estimate the setup errors along with physical parameters during breast radiotherapy

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension based on ACC/AHA versus JNC7 guidelines in the PERSIAN cohort study

In this cross-sectional population-based study, we used the baseline data of the Prospective Epidemiologic Research Studies in IrAN cohort study collected in Iran from 2014 to 2020. The main outcomes were the prevalence of hypertension and proportion of awareness, treatment, and control based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline compared to the seventh report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7). Of the total of 163,770 participants, aged 35–70 years, 55.2% were female. The sex-age standardized prevalence of hypertension was 22.3% (95% CI 20.6, 24.1) based on the JNC7 guideline and 36.5% (31.1, 41.8) based on the ACC/AHA guideline. A total of 24,312 participants [14.1% (10.1, 18.1)] were newly diagnosed based on the ACC/AHA guideline. Compared to adults diagnosed with hypertension based on the JNC7 guideline, the newly diagnosed participants were mainly young literate males who had low levels of risk factors and were free from conventional comorbidities of hypertension. About 30.7% (25.9, 35.4) of them (4.3% of the entire population) were eligible for pharmacologic intervention based on the ACC/AHA guideline. Implementation of the new guideline may impose additional burden on health systems. However, early detection and management of elevated blood pressure may reduce the ultimate burden of hypertension in Iran

Efficacy of body appreciation training on body image concerns in overweight adolescents

Body image concern is one of the important issues in the field of overweight and the factors of failure in losing weight which is necessary to undergo intervention to increase the efficiency of sports and nutrition programs. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of body appreciation training on body image concerns in overweight adolescents. It was a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group). The research community consisted of overweight girl adolescents who were referred to weight control and weight loss centers in Isfahan City in 2021. From the mentioned society, 30 adolescents were selected by targeted sampling method and assigned to two groups of 15 people, experiment and control. The experimental group received 9 sessions of 90-min body appreciation training. The control group was on the waiting list during this time. The research tool was the body image concern questionnaire of Littleton et al. (2005). Data analysis was done using SPSS-24 software and the covariance analysis method. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the variable of concerns related to body image (P < 0.001); Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the variables of dissatisfaction with appearance and interference in social functioning (P < 0.001). In this way, based on the results of this research, body appreciation training can be used to reduce concerns related to body image in overweight adolescents