Identities by Generalized L−L-Summing Method

In this paper, we introduce 3-dimensional $L-$summing method, which is a rearrangement of the summation $\sum A_{abc}$ with $1\leq a,b,c\leq n$. Applying this method on some special arrays, we obtain some identities on the Riemann zeta function and digamma function. Also, we give a Maple program for this method to obtain identities with input various arrays and out put identities concerning some elementary functions and hypergeometric functions. Finally, we introduce a further generalization of $L-$summing method in higher dimension spaces.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Idiom Comprehension in English as a Foreign Language: Analysability in Focus

AbstractThis study aims to test if analyzability matters in processing the idioms of a language with which participants are not familiar. To this end, a group of Persian undergraduate students received 90 English idioms literary translated into Persian from three categories of normally analyzable, abnormally analyzable, and unanalyzable. They were asked to assign each idiom presented on the screen to one of the three semantic domains of anger, revelation, or secrecy. According to the speed and accuracy with which participants assigned each idiom, it was revealed that analyzability plays an important role in understanding the idioms of an unfamiliar language

An Event-Based Simulation Framework to Examine the Response of Power Grid to the Charging Demand of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper describes the development of a discrete-event simulation framework that emulates the interactions between the power grid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and examines whether the capacity of the existing power system can meet the PHEV load demand. The probability distribution functions for the arrival time and energy demand of each vehicle are extracted from real-world statistical transportation data. The power grid\u27s limited generation and transmission capacities are considered to be the major constraints. Therefore, vehicles may have to wait to receive any charge. The proposed simulation framework is justified and described in some detail in applying it to two real cases in the United States to determine certain regions\u27 grid potential to support PHEVs. Both Level-1 and -2 charging are considered

The Arab Spring and the position of the balance of power in the "selective activism" policy of Iran and Russia in the Middle East and North Africa

Although the Arab Spring and the resulting developments in the Middle East countries did not bring about a specific change in the political systems of the countries of the region to strengthen democracy, it was the beginning of a large-scale transformation of the foreign policy of Russia and Iran in West Asia and North Africa. In terms of methodology, to understand the foreign policy of Iran and Russia concerning these events and their analysis, in this research, general scientific analysis methods (historical, inductive-comparative methods, event analysis) and some special methods for the direct study of international relations, including the analysis method based on a systemic approach, have been used. Accordingly, it has been found that given the goals and indicators that Iran and Russia have defined for their regional foreign policy, they both followed the policy of “selective activism” based on the principle of balance of power towards the Arab Spring. Therefore, Iran’s reaction to the events in the Arab countries is not based only on Shia identity; the benefits of the international norms accepted by Iran have also influenced the actions of this country. Iran selects how to act in the region based on the norms and roles that it defined for itself and ultimately seeks a balance of power in the region against Saudi Arabia and the United States. In the same way, Russia is also seeking a balance of power against the West and America in the region based on its identity as a great power and considering its interests, and therefore Russia’s activism towards the internal events of the Arab countries is also selective and different, not following a general approach

Using life cycle assessment for municipal solid waste management in Tehran Municipality Region 20

Background: Due to the lack of a proper waste management system, Tehran Municipality Region 20 is facing economic and environmental problems such as the high costs of a disposal system and source pollution. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method for collecting and evaluating the inputs, outputs, and potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. The current study purposed to provide a stable and optimized system of solid waste management in Tehran Municipality Region 20. Methods: The LCA method was used to evaluate various scenarios and compare the effects on environmental aspects of management systems. Four scenarios were defined based on existing and possible future waste management systems for this region. These scenarios were considered with different percentages for source separation, composting, recycling, and energy recovery. Results: Based on the results of this study, Scenario 4 (source separation [14%] + composting [30%] + municipal recycling facility [MRF] [20%] + energy recovery [10%] + landfilling [26%]) was found to be the option with the minimum environmental impact. In the absence of government support and sufficient funds for establishing energy recovery facilities, the third scenario (source separation [14%] + composting [30%] +MRF [20%] + landfilling [36%]) is recommended. Conclusion: The results acquired from this investigation will confirm the belief that LCA as an environmental device may be successfully used in an integrated solid waste management system (ISWMS) as a support tool for decision-making

In vitro study of antimicrobial effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts against some pathogens

Background and aims: Disease causing bacteria have always been considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The appearance of resistant microorganisms paved the way to the occurrence of infections that are only treated by a limited number of antimicrobial agents. The present study was, the antimicrobial effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Glycyrrhiza glabra extract against some pathogens. Methods: In this study, the antibacterial activity using 9 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains includes: Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC® 19615, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619, S. saprophyticus ATCC®15305, Hafnia alvei ATCC 51873, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 35659, Serratia marcescens ATCC 274 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923 with micro dilution methods was studied. The MIC, MBC were studied also, resistance of these bacteria to standard antibiotics such as erythromycin, cefixime, ceftazidime, tetracycline, ampicillin and amikacin were compared. Results: In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used. The levels of MIC of R. officinalis were in ranges from 6.25 to 25 mg/ml. The highest MIC value was observed at 25 ppm against S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis and the levels of MIC of G. glabra were in ranges from 6.25 to 12.5 ppm. The highest MIC value was observed at 12.5 ppm against S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and S. marcescens. Conclusion: In important human pathogens, drug resistance is increasing according to the results of this study, and may be proposed that this plant can be used as a drug. It can be a good way to replace herbs with chemical drugs

Protocol for systematic review: peak bone mass pattern in different parts of the world

Copyright: © 2015 Mohammadi Z. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Peak bone mass, which can be defined as the amount of bone tissue present at the end of the skeletal maturation, and also it is an important determinant of osteoporotic fracture risk. The peak bone mass of a given part of the skeleton is directly dependent upon both its genetics and environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of the proposed research is a comprehensive systematic assessment of the pattern of peak bone mass in different countries across the globe. The present article explains the protocol for conducting such a research