The real exchange rate of an oil exporting economy: Empirical evidence from Nigeria

In this study the long-run relationship between real oil price, real effective exchange rate and productivity differentials is examined using annual data for Nigeria over the period 1980 to 2010. We aim to investigate whether oil price fluctuations and productivity differentials affect the real effective exchange rate. The empirical results suggest that whereas real oil price exercise a significant positive effect on the real exchange rate in the long run. Productivity differentials exercise a significant negative influence on the real exchange rate. The study noted that, the real exchange rate appreciation of 2000-2010 was driven by oil prices. The findings of this study have important implications for exchange rate policy and are relevant to many developing economies where oil exports constitute a significant share of their exports.Exchange rate, oil price, Nigerian economy

Portable treatment system to treat cafeteria sullage water using effective microorganism and biomedia

This study investigates portable water treatment in small scale size according to the design in the previous research that can solve the main problem of water pollution faced by UTHM Kampus Pagoh cafeteria. The objectives of this study are to design and produce a portable water treatment system using effective microbioorganism and biomedia to reduce contamination of sullage water and to analyze and make a comparative study with other designs to treat sullage water focusing on UTHM Kampus Pagoh cafeteria. To produce portable water treatment, a do-it-yourself (DIY) tank from polypropylene container box with volume of 151 L was designed, incorporating two types of biological treatments, namely effective microorganism and biomedia. This study also reviewed and compares the analysis results of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solid of water treatment from previous studies. At the end of this study, the expected results obtained were comparable with results from the previous studies. As a recommendation, actual laboratory tests must be conducted for future work to obtain accurate data for the parameters analyzed

Study Of A Backup Ve_Tilatio_ System For Lecturers’ Office Space

The primary functions of ventilation systems include the delivery of outdoor air to the occupants, the removal of indoor contaminants and the maintenance of thermal comfort conditions in the occupied zones. The objective of this project is to study a backup ventilation system for individual lecturers’ office space mainly during power failure and when ventilation is not available such as during night. During blackout, the period to repair the power failure takes at least one day. Therefore, the backup ventilation design is important to make sure the lecturers feel comfortable when they are working in their office. The project undertaken looked at the amount of air requirement to the office space in level 3 of Block 17. First, the flow rate of the main blower is determined. Then, the total flow rate at each VAV is compared with the main blower. The total flow rate at each VAV is much lower than the flow rate of the blower. It means that there is a lot of energy wasted during the ventilation process. After comparing these flow rates, the minimum requirement of the ventilation rate is individual lecturer’s office rooms are calculated. The minimum requirement for the ventilation is much lesser than the flow rate supplied by the main blower to each room. Therefore, it will be a lot of energy wasted if we do the backup power supply for the main blower. Based on the results obtained from theoretical and experimental works in this project, the backup ventilation system is feasible to install

Sedimentation on a mixed siliciclastic/carbonate continental margin over decadal to millennial timescales: Gulf of Papua

Sediments from the Gulf of Papua were examined to estimate particle flux and sediment mass accumulation rates on multiple timescales. Patterns of sediment mass accumulation and inventory-derived 210Pb fluxes display regional variations, decreasing seaward, and along isobaths seaward from the northeastern shelf edge. The amount of terrigenous sediment load being discharged annually from the shelf and accumulating in Pandora Trough is approximately 7-14×106 tonnes. The existence of possible turbidity-current transport and deposition have been documented in deeper parts of the Gulf of Papua. High excess 210Pb fluxes estimated from seabed inventories at the shelf edge and upper slope are consistent with the combined effects of sediment focusing and boundary scavenging of oceanic water masses. Sediments may be transported from inner-shelf depocenters by oceanic processes, focused in depocenters near the northeastern Gulf of Papua shelf edge, and distributed downslope through a combination of nepheloid-layer flow and possible turbidity-currents. For the cores located between shelf edge and lower slope, biodiffusion coefficients and mixing depths exhibit a decreasing trend with increasing water depth. Using a two-layer model, biodiffusion coefficients in these cores are in the range of 0.007-60 cm2 y-1 for the upper layer and 0.002-2.9 cm2 y-1 for the bottom layer. Sediment mass accumulation rates without the influence of physical mixing are probably overestimated by a factor of ~1.4. Jumbo piston cores taken from the shelf edge and upper and middle slope in the northern Pandora Trough suggest variation in sediment mass accumulation rates during post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea level rise. Upper 12 m of the sediment on the northeastern shelf edge has deposited in \u3c 12 ky BP after post-LGM sea level rise. The bulk of this mud deposit, with mass accumulation rates as high as 3900 g cm-2 ky-1, is constrained between the time of Last Glacial Maximun and Younger Dryas. The findings from this study suggest that physical processes building the mud wedge on the northeastern Gulf of Papua shelf were similar to the physical processes acting today building the clinoform in the western Gulf of Papua shelf

Multifunctional and Responsive Textile Nanocomposites for High Value Applications

Multifunctional and Responsive Textile Nanocomposites for High Value Application

Analysis Plots of The Novel Harry Potter and The Philosopher’s Stone – J.K Rowling (1997)

This study uses a qualitative research method to determine the understanding of the plot in the novel Harry Potter and The Philosopher's Stone – J, K Rowling (1997) for learning English. The data is analyzed using a qualitative approach by the researcher. Stone – J, K Rowling (1997) was used as a research instrument, the novel was understood to contain the plot, the plot became the focus of this research. The author concludes the novel of Harry Potter and as a sample The Philosopher's Stone – J, K Rowling (1997), Method of The writer uses a story line, so it can be concluded that the novel Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone – J, K Rowling (1997) can motivate us to learn English because of using this novel learning process be exciting stories, while the author's difficulty in understanding Harry Potter and The Philosopher's Stone – J, K Rowlin. plot  (1997) because the plot is very unpredictable, this novel tells about the adventures of a teenage wizard namely Harry Potter and his friends, Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger. All of them are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Harry will defeat the evil black wizard Lord Voldemort, whom his ambition becoming immortal, conquering the magic realm, take over non-magical people, and annihilate anyone who gets in his way, especially Harry Potter

Atrazine Levels in Rural Nebraska Counties and Parkinson\u27s Disease

Parkinson\u27s disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder, connecting both genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors. Several epidemiological and experimental studies support the evidence that pesticides exposure is positively associated with enhancing neurodegenerative diseases. The high amount of atrazine used in Nebraska and increased PD cases led us to evaluate the association between the long-lived water-soluble pesticide atrazine and PD in Nebraska counties. A person\u27s exposure to atrazine may come from inhalation, dermal absorption, and ingestion. Three types of atrazine data covering 1992 to 2017 were used for this study: applied atrazine, atrazine in surface water, and atrazine in groundwater. In summary, surface water group-3 (≥ 75 percentile) is the only group that shows a positive association between atrazine levels and increased PD cases. All other groups didn\u27t find any significant association between atrazine exposure and PD. In the second part of the study, I found that 11.8% of 144 collected private wells samples were positive for atrazine. The water samples collected from the York County wells (7 out of 11) have the highest positive percentage for atrazine; however, only two well samples exceed the EPA maximum allowed concentration limit of 3 ppb for drinking waters. Further detailed analysis of atrazine combined with other pesticides exposure may better associate higher PD cases linked with pesticide exposure in Nebraska