Variasi Spasio-temporal Jenis Makanan Ikan Motan, Thynnichthys Polylepis Di Rawa Banjiran Sungai Kampar Kiri, Riau [Spatio-temporal Variation in the Diet of Thynnichtys Polylepis in Floodplain River of Kampar Kiri, Riau]

The research aimed to describe diet composition of Thynnichthyes polylepis. The diet compositions of population from two sites (Mentulik and Simalinyang) in floodplain river of Kampar Kiri, were compared according to the month. Fishes were captured using experimental gillnet and trap. For food habits analysis, the index of preponderance method was used. The collections were performed monthly from July to December 2008, where the stomach contents of 479 specimens were assessed. Prey items of T. polylepis were basically composed of phytoplankton and zooplankton, especially Cocconeis, Nitzschia, Navicula, Cyclotella, Pleurotaenium, and Testudinella. At site Mentulik, the most common items were Cocconeis, Nitzschia, and Navicula. Conversely, at site Simalinyang, Cocconeis, Pleurotaenium, and Nitzschia more representative. In general, main food of fish origin showed the highest index values at Mentulik, whereas at Simalinyang. The composition of items varied monthly, especially at Simalinyang. Food habits of fish may be flexible according to resource availability in spatial and temporal variation

Kebiasaan Makanan Dan Perubahan Ontogenetik Makanan Ikan Baji-baji (Grammoplites Scaber) Di Pantai Mayangan, Jawa Barat [Food Habits and Ontogenetic Changes in the Diet of the Rough Flathead Grammoplites Scaber in Mayangan Coast, West Java]

The study on the food habits and ontogenetic changes in the diet of the rough flathead, Grammoplites scaber, in Mayangan Coast, West Java, was conducted in 12 months. The main objectives of the study were to analyze the food compotition and the changes of the food in relation to season and fish length. Samplings were done once in a month, using gillnet and beach seine. Total samples were 795 individuals and the range of total length was between 107-364 mm. Food analysis was determined by using index of preponderance. The result showed that the food of the rough flathead fish could be grouped into four groups. The groups are crustacea, pisces, cephalopod, and bivalve. This fish was crustacivore and the major foods were Portunus, Metapenaeus dan Penaeus. The main foods which were consumed varied each month. Along with the increasing of the fish size, there was a change of the main foods. Smaller fish tend to consume Penaeus; whereas the larger one tends to consume Portunus, Metapenaues and Saurida

Oocyte Development of Scalloped Perchlet, Ambassis Nalua (Hamilton 1822)

Ikan seriding (Ambassis nalua) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan di perairan Teluk Pabean, Indramayu yang berukuran kecil, transparan dan tersedia dalam jumlah melimpah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perkembangan sel telur secara histologis dan menentukan tipe pemijahan ikan seriding. Ikan seriding didapatkan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan di Teluk Pabean, kemudian gonad contoh diawetkan dengan menggunakan larutan BNF (Buffer Neutral Formalin). Preparat histo-logis sel telur dibuat dengan metode pewarnaan HE, kemudian diamati dibawah mikroskop berkamera. Tahapan perkembangan oosit pada ikan seriding yaitu kromatin nukleus dan perinuklear (tahap pertumbuhan awal), kortikal alveoli, vitelo-genesis, dan pematangan. Tahapan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ikan seriding merupakan tipe ikan yang memijah secara bertahap

Reproductive Aspects Of Scalloped Perchlet, Ambassis Nalua (Hamilton, 1822) In Pabean Bay Indramayu, West Java

Scalloped perchlet, Ambassis nalua, is one of fishes in Pabean Bay, Indramayu. This research aims to determine the reproductive aspects of Ambassis nalua in Pabean Bay Indramayu including sex ratio, spawning season, first maturity, fecundity and spawning pattern. Fish samples were collected by trap net and trammel net at three sites in Pabean Bay from April to October 2015. A total of 424 of A. nalua were caught, consist of 114 males and 310 females; with total length ranged from 38.04 to 112.63 mm and total weight ranged from 0.37 to 25.44 g. Sex ratio of mature fish was 1:1.9. The mature males and females were found in every month of sampling period. The gonado-somatic index (GSI) ranged from 0.40 to 0.83 and 2.36 to 4.54 for male and female, respectively. The peak of spawning season was found in September. The first maturity (Lm50) for male and female were 79.17 mm and 91.25 mm, respectively. The fecundity varied from 3,451–32,465 eggs. Egg diameter distribution shows that spawning pattern of A. nalua was batch spawner

Protective effects of Sm-p80 in the presence of resiquimod as an adjuvant against challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni in mice

SummaryObjectivesTo determine the prophylactic efficacy of an Sm-p80-based vaccine formulation against challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni in mice using an approach comprising of initial priming with DNA and boosting with recombinant protein in the presence of resiquimod (R848) as an adjuvant.MethodsIn the first experiment (prime–boost approach), mice were primed with Sm-p80–pcDNA3 (week 0) and boosted at weeks 4 and 8 with recombinant Sm-p80 formulated in resiquimod (R848). Each mouse in the control group first received only pcDNA3 and was boosted with R848. In the second set of experiments (recombinant protein approach), mice were immunized (week 0) and boosted (weeks 4 and 8) with rSm-p80 formulated in R848. Animals of the control group in this series of experiments received only R848 at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. All of the animals from both the ‘prime–boost’ and ‘recombinant protein’ groups were challenged with cercariae of S. mansoni, 4 weeks after the last immunization. The mice were sacrificed 6 weeks post-challenge and the reductions in worm burden and egg production were determined. Sm-p80-specific antibody titers were estimated in the mice sera by ELISA. Cytokine mRNA and protein production by proliferating splenocytes in response to in vitro stimulation with Sm-p80, were estimated via RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively.ResultsVaccination with Sm-p80 (prime–boost approach) showed 49% reduction in worm burden; with the recombinant protein approach the protection was found to be 50%. The protection levels were correlated with antibody production. Upon antigenic stimulation with recombinant Sm-p80, splenocytes secreted significant levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2, indicating that the immune responses were Th1-biased and this was further supported in terms of distribution of antibody isotypes and mRNA expression of cytokines.ConclusionsIn conclusion the present study clearly demonstrates that Sm-p80 consistently maintained its protective nature, and resiquimod as an immunopotentiating agent slightly boosted the protective effects of Sm-p80 in both ‘DNA prime–protein boost’ and ‘recombinant protein’ immunization approaches in a murine model

A NATURAL PRODUCT DECURSIN ENHANCES THE RADIOSENSITIZATION OF IONIZING RADIATION AGAINST DMBA-INDUCED TUMOR

Objective: Radiation therapy has gained significant attention for the treatment and prevention of solid and malignant human tumors. However, after periodical exposures, radiation therapy losses its efficacy against cancer cells displaying radio-resistant phenotypes. Therefore, decursin might improve the efficiency of radiotherapy against a variety of human cancers. Methods: The chemopreventive efficacy of decursin was evaluated against B16F10 cancer cell lines and DMBA/croton oil-induced skin carcinogenesis in BALB/c mice. Decursin was administered intraperitoneal at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks following exposure to 5 Gy of ionizing radiation (IR) after 1 month of DMBA application. Western blot was performed for underlying mechanism of radioresistance. Results: Decursin suppressed the proliferation and viability of melanoma cancer cell lines in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The in vivo data collected from mice model revealed that decursin reduced the precancerous skin lesions and the incidence of tumor bearing in radiation-exposed mice. Decursin also enhanced the effect of IR by downregulation of Akt/NFκB pathway through activation of IκBα. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the activation of Akt/NFκB establishes a pro-survival response to radiation that may account for the development of radioresistance. Decursin blocks the abnormal expression of these proteins and potentiates the radiotherapeutic effect

Variasi Makanan Ikan Seriding, Ambassis Nalua (Hammilton, 1822) di Ekosistem Estuari Segara Menyan, Jawa Barat [Diet Variation Of Scalloped Perchlet (Ambassis Nalua) In Segara Menyan Lagoon, West Java]

Penelitian ini menggambarkan kebiasaan dan strategi pola makanan ikan seriding berdasarkan Perubahan ontogenetik dan musim.Contoh ikan dikoleksi setiap bulan dari Desember 2010 hingga November 2011 di Segara Menyan, Jawa Barat. Penangkapan ikan menggunakan jaring berlapis dan jaring insang. Pengamatan isi saluran pencernaan dilakukan terhadap 380 ekor ikan seriding. Menu makanan terdiri atas empat kategori, yaitu mikrokrustase, polikaeta, amfipoda, dan gastropoda. Berdasarkan Perubahan ontogenetik dan musim, ikan seriding menunjukkan menu makanan utama yang sama yaitu mikrokrustase. Kondisi yang berbeda terlihat pada luas relung makanan yang dipengaruhi oleh Perubahan ontogenetik dan musim, sementara persentase kepenuhan lambung yang secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh Perubahan musim. Strategi pola makanan ikan seriding adalah strategi gabungan (spesialis-generalis). Informasi mengenai menu makanan ikan seriding menunjukkan ketergantungannya terhadap ekosistem estuari yang menjamin ketersediaan makanan