Pedagogi Terbeza Untuk Pengajaran Guru Terhadap Kepelbagaian Murid

Beberapa kajian telah menunjukkan terdapat murid kurang menguasai isi pelajaran disebabkan faktor kepelbagaian murid di dalam bilik darjah. Dalam konteks pendidikan, hal ini tidak akan selesai sehingga wujudnya kaedah pengajaran yang baharu yang dapat membantu guru mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran yang sesuai untuk kepelbagaian murid di bilik darjah. Antara faktor yang menyumbang kepada murid tidak menguasai isi pelajaran ialah faktor gaya pengajaran guru yang mengajar dengan gaya “one-size-fits-all” tidak sesuai diguna pakai memandangkan murid yang mempunyai kepelbagaian gaya belajar, tahap penguasaan dan berlainan kecerdasan berada di dalam bilik darjah yang sama. Oleh itu, bagi membantu guru dalam menangani masalah murid yang pelbagai di dalam bilik darjah dan guru dapat mengaplikasikan satu bentuk pengajaran yang dapat melengkapi keperluan murid yang pelbagai, satu pendekatan baharu diperkenalkan iaitu melalui Pedagogi Terbeza (Differentiated Pedagogy). Pedagogi Terbeza (Differentiated Pedagogy) merupakan satu konsep pengajaran di mana guru mengubahsuai kandungan iaitu isi pelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru, proses iaitu strategi pengajaran dan aktiviti pembelajaran, produk merujuk kepada hasil kemahiran yang murid dapat dan dinilai guru dan persekitaran merujuk kepada suasana persekitaran pembelajaran yang kondusif. Elemen-elemen ini akan diubah suai oleh guru mengikut kepelbagaian murid iaitu kesediaan belajar murid, minat murid terhadap pembelajaran dan profil pembelajaran di mana kecenderungan kecerdasan murid dikesan. Kertas konsep ini membincangkan Pedagogi Terbeza (Differentiated Pedagogy) untuk digunakan dalam membantu pengajaran guru mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran yang sesuai dengan kepelbagaian murid

What motivates Muslims women to induce lactation?: An exploratory qualitative analysis

Induction of lactation occurs when breast milk is produced in a human (female), without going through the process of pregnancy and delivery. Induced lactation is a method of strengthening the bond between the adopted child and the adoptive mother.  The primary goal is to encourage bonding solely to develop an emotional connection and as a motivation for the mother to breastfeed her adopted child. This exploratory qualitative study examined the factors influencing women's decisions about induced lactation in Malaysia. Methods: This study used in-depth interviews with women who had induced lactation in five states based on five regions in Malaysia [Central Region (Selangor), Northern Region (Penang), Southern Region (Johor), East Coast Region (Kelantan), Malaysia Borneo (Sabah)]. The qualitative approach helped to establish a comprehensive insight into the women’s experiences throughout the journey of induced lactation. All interviews were consented, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim, followed by identification of emerging themes. Results: After interviewing 23 induced lactation women, data saturation was achieved. Data synthesized using thematic analysis revealed three themes describing the main factors in determining women's decisions on induced lactation: (1) mahram relationship, (2), and (3) the perceived superiority of breastfeeding.  This indicates that the mahram relationship, experiencing motherhood, and the perceived superiority of breastmilk motivated women to undergo induced lactation. Conclusions: Induced lactation is analogous to ordinary life, where favorable attitudes are followed by a strong drive to achieve. We hope that by identifying the various factors that motivate women to induce lactation, health care professionals and the community will be empowered to support breastfeeding in terms of facilitating motherhood, providing breastfeeding aid equipment, and assisting with daily necessities

Factors influencing antenatal mothers' choice of hospital for delivery at Hospiatl Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) and Hospital Kota Bharu(HKB)

The selection of a hospital for delivery does not become an issue for women until they become pregnant. The main aim for promoting hospital delivery is to ensure safety to the mother and the newborn child. The main objective in this study is to determine the factors that influence antenatal mothers choice of hospitals for delivery at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) and Hospital Kota Bharu (HKB). The study was carried out in two phases. In phase one, a cross sectional study was conducted on 344 Malays, multiparty antenatal mothers who attended selected Maternal and Child Health Clinics (MCHC) in Kota Bharu district, from November 2003 to February 2004. Subjects were selected using two-stage sampling. Data were obtained using an interviewer guided, validated and piloted questionnaire. In order to ensure high quality of the interview, only one dedicated interviewer was involved. The questionnaire consists of a few domains namely socio-economic, accessibility, convenience, previous delivery experience, and interpersonal relationship with doctors and nurses, comfort of the patients and their relatives. The data were analyzed using logistic regression. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were carried out in phase two in March 2004. FGD was carried out purposely to explore in depth the influencing factors, which cannot be explored through questionnaire. To fulfill this objective, 24 volunteered antenatal mothers were recruited in this phase after being consented and agreed to involve in this study. Four FGD sessions, each group consisted of six participants were conducted. Their responses were transcribed and analyzed based on the framework questions directed to them. The prevalence for choosing HUSM for delivery center was 38.0% and HKB 62.0°/o respectively. Based on the simple logistic regression, ten predictors variables namely health center, previous delivery hospital, distance to hospital, accessibility to hospital, good nursing care, short waiting hours, clean wards, children friendly (accept visitor under twelve) and fast admission to wads were significantly associated with the outcomes,. Among these only three factors remained significantly influenced when analyzed through multiple logistic regression. The final model was tested and it was found fit. The factors derived from the final model were previous delivery hospital, accessibility and children-friendly hospital. The findings in FGD support the model above and were able to extract the underlying facts. This study concludes previous delivery hospital; accessibility and children friendly hospital (hospital allows children under 12 years to visit their mothers in the wards) significantly influences the choice of hospital for delivery among antenatal mothers in Kota Bhe-ru distric

The Effect of Professional Learning Community Mediators on Trust and Self-Efficacy of Islamic Education Teachers in Malaysia

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between trust, professional learning community, and self-efficacy. Methodology - This study used a quantitative approach via a survey that consisted of 47 items to collect relevant data. This survey included 112 primary schools with 642 Malaysian Islamic education teachers. A multilevel analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of group level variables (trust and professional learning community) towards the individual level variable (self-efficacy). Whereas, the mediator test used the Monte Carlo bootstrapping method. Findings - Findings of the study suggests that the professional learning community mediates the relationship between trust and self-efficacy. Significance - The results of this study showed that the professional learning community is the most important element in determining teacher self-efficacy. The outcomes of this study should also assist administrators in maintaining the professional learning community in schools so that it can work more efficiently and effectively

Kerangka Konseptual Penghayatan Ibadah Maliyah Mahasiswa Islam

Artikel ini bertujuan memaparkan sorotan literatur yang dikumpul bagi membentuk kerangka konseptual penghayatan ibadah maliyah. Semua perbuatan, amalan serta kegiatan dalam ibadah Islam itu terbahagi kepada lima bentuk iaitu ibadah qawliyyah, jismiyyah, maliyyah, qawliyyah dan jismiyyah dan qawliyyah, jismiyyah dan maliyyah. Di dalam kajian ini ibadah maliyah merujuk kepada pelaksanaan ibadah yang melibatkan harta yang dikhususkan kepada amalan bersedekah . Teori Tingkah laku Terancang yang diwakili oleh sikap, norma subjektif dan kawalan tingkah laku mendasari kerangka konsep ini. Dimensi penghayatan agama sangat disarankan di dalam banyak literatur untuk melengkapi model ini, justeru pengkaji memilih penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan agama dan hubungan emosi (terhadap) agama dan sosialisasi agama ibu bapa digunakan sebagai asas pembentukan kerangka konseptual ini kerana ia menjelaskan sebab kepada tingkah laku keagamaan. Kekuatan pembentukan kerangka konseptual ini ialah penekanan terhadap horizon Islam. Penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan merujuk kepada pemahaman terhadap isi kandungan Al-Quran, Sunnah dan Sirah Rasulullah, manakala hubungan emosi bermaksud hubungan yang rapat dengan Allah

Menopausal women’s experiences of husband’s support: a negative view

Objective: This study explores how menopausal women perceived supports provided by their husbands. Methodology: Total of 13 menopausal women recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball techniques from two sources, tertiary hospital and local communities in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. The in-depth semi-structured interview guided was used to explore how they perceived supports provided by their husbands. The data were then analysed using a thematic analysis. Results: Five (5) themes have emerged which comprises of emotional, instrumental, appraisal, guidance, and sexual supports. One of which was a new theme (sexual intimacy support) that had not been existed previously in other literature reviews. Conclusion: Majority of menopausal women perceived the supports provided by their husband were negative, rather than positive supports that they had hoped. These findings suggest that an education program tool for husbands as a support person is much needed to ensure women walk through the menopause phase in a more meaningful life

Validation of a Questionnaire on Knowledge and Barriers of Breast Milk Expression among Mothers of Premature Infants

This study aimed to develop and validate a Malay language questionnaire to assess mothers' knowledge in providing breast milk for premature infants, and barriers to breast milk expression while the infants are in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Two tertiary hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia participated in this cross-sectional study. Relevant items of knowledge and barriers were identified through a literature search, clinical observations, and expert opinion. Ten breastfeeding experts validated the content of the knowledge and barriers to breast milk expression questionnaire.The effectiveness of the questionnaires was tested for face validity among ten mothers, followed by reliability tests comprising 50 mothers who gave birth prematurely. The 20 knowledge items and 16 barrier items have an Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 0.99, indicating good relevance of the knowledge and barrier items. The knowledge and barrier questionnaires had Item-level Face Validity Indexes (I-FVIs) of 1.00 and 0.99, respectively, suggesting clear and comprehensible items. The questionnaires obtained a Cronbach alpha score of 0.726 for knowledge and 0.736 for barriers, showing that they are reliable tools for assessing knowledge and breast milk expression barriers. The validity and reliability of the newly developed Malay version of the questionnaire have been established for evaluating breastfeeding knowledge and barriers to expressing breast milk among mothers with premature infants

Angiotensin receptor blockers for erectile dysfunction in hypertensive men: a brief meta-analysis of randomized control trials

Erectile dysfunction is common in adult men, particularly those with hypertension and diabetes. The present study determines the effectiveness of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs on erectile function in hypertensive male adults. For this purpose, CENTRAL and MEDLINE and reference lists of the articles were searched. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected that compared ARBs with conventional therapy or no treatment in men of any ethnicity who were presented with hypertension and/or diabetes. A total four trials that had 2,809 men were included. Three trials reported adequate random sequence allocation, two reported adequate blinding. Attrition bias is low in one of the included studies. All three studies are of low risk of selective reporting bias. There was an improvement in sexual activity with ARBs (valsartan) (mean difference (MD): 0.71, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.66 to 0.76, I2 statistic = 0%). However, the erectile functions did not increase significantly in ARBs (losartan or telmisartan) treated men as compared to control or placebo (n = 203 vs n = 232; MD: 1.36; 95% CI: −0.97 to −3.69; I2 statistic = 80%). These results suggested that ARBs significantly improved sexual activity among hypertensive men. However, the erectile function was not significantly improved in ARBs treated men as compared to the control or placebo-treated. There were limited studies available. Hence, additional studies are needed to support findings from this review. ARBs should be considered when prescribing antihypertensive drugs to men

Metoprolol for prophylaxis of postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a potentially lethal and morbid complication after open heart surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate metoprolol compared with other treatments for prophylaxis against POAF. Methods We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and trial registries for randomised controlled trials that evaluated metoprolol for preventing the occurrence of POAF after surgery against other treatments or placebo. Random-effects model was used for estimating the risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences with 95% CIs. Results Nine trials involving 1570 patients showed metoprolol reduced POAF compared with placebo (416 patients; RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.66; I²=21%; risk difference (RD) –0.19, 95% CI –0.28 to –0.10). However, metoprolol increased the risk of POAF compared with carvedilol (159 patients; RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.12; I²=4%; RD 0.13, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.20). There was no difference when compared with sotalol or amiodarone. The occurrence of cardiovascular conditions after drugs administration or death between the groups was not different. The overall quality of evidence was moderate to high. Subgroup analysis and funnel plot were not performed. Conclusions Metoprolol is effective in preventing POAF compared with placebo and showed no difference with class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Death and thromboembolism are associated with open heart surgery, but not significant in relation to the use of metoprolol