302 research outputs found
Re-Evaluating the Classical Falling Body Problem
This paper re-analyzes the falling body problem in three dimensions, taking into account the effect of the Earth’s rotation (ER). Accordingly, the analytic solution of the three-dimensional model is obtained. Since the ER is quite slow, the three coupled differential equations of motion are usually approximated by neglecting all high order terms. Furthermore, the theoretical aspects describing the nature of the falling point in the rotating frame and the original inertial frame are proved. The theoretical and numerical results are illustrated and discussed.The authors would like to thank the referees for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the manuscript. Moreover, the first author thanks Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University and Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University for their continuous support and encouragement.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Phase separation and the segregation principle in the infinite-U spinless Falicov-Kimball model
The simplest statistical-mechanical model of crystalline formation (or alloy
formation) that includes electronic degrees of freedom is solved exactly in the
limit of large spatial dimensions and infinite interaction strength. The
solutions contain both second-order phase transitions and first-order phase
transitions (that involve phase-separation or segregation) which are likely to
illustrate the basic physics behind the static charge-stripe ordering in
cuprate systems. In addition, we find the spinodal-decomposition temperature
satisfies an approximate scaling law.Comment: 19 pages and 10 figure
The practices of apartheid as a war crime: a critical analysis
The human suffering caused by the political ideology of apartheid in South Africa during the Apartheid era (1948-1994) prompted worldwide condemnation and a variety of diplomatic and legal responses. Amongst these responses was the attempt to have apartheid recognised both as a crime against humanity in the 1973 Apartheid Convention as well as a war crime in Article 85(4)(c) of Additional Protocol I. This article examines the origins, nature and current status of the practices of apartheid as a war crime and its possible application to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Segregation and charge-density-wave order in the spinless Falicov-Kimball model
The spinless Falicov-Kimball model is solved exactly in the limit of
infinite-dimensions on both the hypercubic and Bethe lattices. The competition
between segregation, which is present for large U, and charge-density-wave
order, which is prevalent at moderate U, is examined in detail. We find a rich
phase diagram which displays both of these phases. The model also shows
nonanalytic behavior in the charge-density-wave transition temperature when U
is large enough to generate a correlation-induced gap in the single-particle
density of states.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Systematic studies of binding energy dependence of neutron - proton momentum correlation function
Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) results of the neutron-proton correlation function
have been systematically investigated for a series nuclear reactions with light
projectiles with help of Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics model.
The relationship between the binding energy per nucleon of the projectiles and
the strength of the neutron-proton HBT at small relative momentum has been
obtained. Results show that neutron-proton HBT results are sensitive to the
binding energy per nucleon.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; accepted by Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and
Particle Physic
Developing Global Maps of the Dominant Anopheles Vectors of Human Malaria
Simon Hay and colleagues describe how the Malaria Atlas Project has collated anopheline occurrence data to map the geographic distributions of the dominant mosquito vectors of human malaria
Mirror Symmetry and Other Miracles in Superstring Theory
The dominance of string theory in the research landscape of quantum gravity
physics (despite any direct experimental evidence) can, I think, be justified
in a variety of ways. Here I focus on an argument from mathematical fertility,
broadly similar to Hilary Putnam's 'no miracles argument' that, I argue, many
string theorists in fact espouse. String theory leads to many surprising,
useful, and well-confirmed mathematical 'predictions' - here I focus on mirror
symmetry. These predictions are made on the basis of general physical
principles entering into string theory. The success of the mathematical
predictions are then seen as evidence for framework that generated them. I
attempt to defend this argument, but there are nonetheless some serious
objections to be faced. These objections can only be evaded at a high
(philosophical) price.Comment: For submission to a Foundations of Physics special issue on "Forty
Years Of String Theory: Reflecting On the Foundations" (edited by G. `t
Hooft, E. Verlinde, D. Dieks and S. de Haro)
A new evaluation of the uncertainty associated with CDIAC estimates of fossil fuel carbon dioxide emission
Three uncertainty assessments associated with the global total of carbon dioxide emitted from fossil fuel use and cement production are presented. Each assessment has its own strengths and weaknesses and none give a full uncertainty assessment of the emission estimates. This approach grew out of the lack of independent measurements at the spatial and temporal scales of interest. Issues of dependent and independent data are considered as well as the temporal and spatial relationships of the data. The result is a multifaceted examination of the uncertainty associated with fossil fuel carbon dioxide emission estimates. The three assessments collectively give a range that spans from 1.0 to 13% (2 σ). Greatly simplifying the assessments give a global fossil fuel carbon dioxide uncertainty value of 8.4% (2 σ). In the largest context presented, the determination of fossil fuel emission uncertainty is important for a better understanding of the global carbon cycle and its implications for the physical, economic and political world
Multisensory information facilitates reaction speed by enlarging activity difference between superior colliculus hemispheres in rats
Animals can make faster behavioral responses to multisensory stimuli than to unisensory stimuli. The superior colliculus (SC), which receives multiple inputs from different sensory modalities, is considered to be involved in the initiation of motor responses. However, the mechanism by which multisensory information facilitates motor responses is not yet understood. Here, we demonstrate that multisensory information modulates competition among SC neurons to elicit faster responses. We conducted multiunit recordings from the SC of rats performing a two-alternative spatial discrimination task using auditory and/or visual stimuli. We found that a large population of SC neurons showed direction-selective activity before the onset of movement in response to the stimuli irrespective of stimulation modality. Trial-by-trial correlation analysis showed that the premovement activity of many SC neurons increased with faster reaction speed for the contraversive movement, whereas the premovement activity of another population of neurons decreased with faster reaction speed for the ipsiversive movement. When visual and auditory stimuli were presented simultaneously, the premovement activity of a population of neurons for the contraversive movement was enhanced, whereas the premovement activity of another population of neurons for the ipsiversive movement was depressed. Unilateral inactivation of SC using muscimol prolonged reaction times of contraversive movements, but it shortened those of ipsiversive movements. These findings suggest that the difference in activity between the SC hemispheres regulates the reaction speed of motor responses, and multisensory information enlarges the activity difference resulting in faster responses
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