79 research outputs found
A food-grade antioxidant production using industrial potato peel by–products
Currently, industrial potato processing waste recycling and re–use is an important topic
in the food industry, but no actual processing facilities could be found at the moment of this study.
The main aim of present research was to develop a method that could, potentially, be practically
applicable for industrial potato peel waste recycling into encapsulated phenolic compounds (fine
powder), with a further approbation as an antioxidant for ground pork meat. Potato peel wastes
were collected from the local potato processing facility, homogenized in the solvent media, and
two accelerated extraction technologies (microwave assisted (MAE) and ultrasound accelerated
extractions) were applied for the extraction of biologically active compounds and encapsulation
wall material. Produced extracts were concentrated (recovered solvent had been collected and
reused) and directed for spray-drying. In general, MAE alone showed higher extraction yields
than in combinations with ultrasound treatment. Extracts reached maximal biologically active
compound concentrations (and were possessing highest radical scavenging activities) after
10 min of MAE treatment. Produced capsules (food grade antioxidant) inhibited ground pork
meat lipid oxidation during the storage study at accelerated oxidation conditions. Acquired results
form a basis for development of a potato peel industrial scale processing technology
Acceptance of low-sugar yoghurt among Latvian teenagers
Over a thousand year history, yoghurt has become one of a widely consumed
product in the world. Its reputation as a healthy food has been undermined recently by concerns
over the high sugar content. The majority of consumers expects and prefers yoghurts to be sweet.
However, governments across Europe are calling for significant cuts in the amount of added sugar
used in yoghurt production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the acceptance of low-sugar
yoghurt produced by different commercial β-galactosidases by teenagers. Standardised milk with
fat content 2.0% (SC Tukuma piens) was pasteurized at 95 ± 1 °C 5 min, cooled down till
43 ± 1 °C and fermented with β-galactosidase and starter YC-X11 (Chr. Hansen, Denmark) and
fermented till pH 4.50 ± 0.20. Different commercial β-galactosidases: Nola™ Fit 5500,
Ha-Lactase 5200 (Chr. Hansen, Denmark), GODO-YNL2 (Danisco, Denmark) and BrennZyme
(Brenntag PolskaSp, Poland) were used. Fermented samples were gently mixed and cooled down
till 6 ± 1 °C and 5% (w/w) of sugar was added to each sample. Sensory evaluation of the yoghurt’s
samples was performed by teenagers (14–18 years, n = 50) at Aizputes Secondary School
(Latvia). Lactose and monosaccharides concentration prior to sugar addition was detected by
HPLC (Shimadzu LC 20 Prominence, Japan).
The lactose hydrolysis into glucose and galactose by the use of β-galactosidase helps to increase
sweetness through an occurrence of natural sugars in milk. During sensory evaluation, teenagers
admitted the yoghurt with reduced sugar as sweet, significantly sweeter (P < 0.05) was yoghurt
sample with Nola™ Fit 5500. The results demonstrated that it is possible to reduce sugar in
yoghurt production and to gain consumer acceptance through the occurrence of glucose and
galactose, but it is problematic to offer lactose-free or reduced lactose products to consumers
without lactose intolerance
Changes in the nutritional value of breakfast cereals containing germinated spring grain flakes during storage
ArticleTh
e aim of current research was to assess the nutritional value of breakfast cereals
containing germinated spring grain flakes and its changes after 6 month storage. Three types of
breakfast cereals were prepared and packaged in two types of Standup pouches
–
Pap50g/Alu7/Pe60 (AL), Pap40g/PELD20/PE40 (PE). For the accelerated shelf life test the
samples were stored at 35
±
2
°C and dietary fibre, protein, fat, B
-
group vitamins, sugars, total
phenol content and DPPH, ABTS+ radical scavenging activity were dete
rmined. Developed
breakfast cereals have high nutritional value and all are high in fibre and thiamine. Additionally,
sample S2 is source of protein, riboflavin, niacin, and S3
–
is source of riboflavin and high in
niacin. Comparing total phenolic content
and antioxidant capacity of tested samples S3 showed
the highest values. Storage and selected packaging influenced stability of nutrients, and for S1
and S2 AL showed bett
er results whereas for S3
–
PE
Tomato: a crop species amenable to improvement by cellular and molecular methods
Tomato is a crop plant with a relatively small DNA content per haploid genome and a well developed genetics. Plant regeneration from explants and protoplasts is feasable which led to the development of efficient transformation procedures.
In view of the current data, the isolation of useful mutants at the cellular level probably will be of limited value in the genetic improvement of tomato. Protoplast fusion may lead to novel combinations of organelle and nuclear DNA (cybrids), whereas this technique also provides a means of introducing genetic information from alien species into tomato. Important developments have come from molecular approaches. Following the construction of an RFLP map, these RFLP markers can be used in tomato to tag quantitative traits bred in from related species. Both RFLP's and transposons are in the process of being used to clone desired genes for which no gene products are known. Cloned genes can be introduced and potentially improve specific properties of tomato especially those controlled by single genes. Recent results suggest that, in principle, phenotypic mutants can be created for cloned and characterized genes and will prove their value in further improving the cultivated tomato.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing in Mice
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective, pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory enzyme, is strongly induced in injured tissues. Our aim was to clarify its role in cutaneous wound healing. In wild type mice, maximal expression of HO-1 in the skin was observed on the 2nd and 3rd days after wounding. Inhibition of HO-1 by tin protoporphyrin-IX resulted in retardation of wound closure. Healing was also delayed in HO-1 deficient mice, where lack of HO-1 could lead to complete suppression of reepithelialization and to formation of extensive skin lesions, accompanied by impaired neovascularization. Experiments performed in transgenic mice bearing HO-1 under control of keratin 14 promoter showed that increased level of HO-1 in keratinocytes is enough to improve the neovascularization and hasten the closure of wounds. Importantly, induction of HO-1 in wounded skin was relatively weak and delayed in diabetic (db/db) mice, in which also angiogenesis and wound closure were impaired. In such animals local delivery of HO-1 transgene using adenoviral vectors accelerated the wound healing and increased the vascularization. In summary, induction of HO-1 is necessary for efficient wound closure and neovascularization. Impaired wound healing in diabetic mice may be associated with delayed HO-1 upregulation and can be improved by HO-1 gene transfer
Tuberculosis is associated with expansion of a motile, permissive and immunomodulatory CD16(+) monocyte population via the IL-10/STAT3 axis
The human CD14+ monocyte compartment is composed by two subsets based on CD16 expression. We previously reported that this compartment is perturbed in tuberculosis (TB) patients, as reflected by the expansion of CD16+ monocytes along with disease severity. Whether this unbalance is beneficial or detrimental to host defense remains to be elucidated. Here in the context of active TB, we demonstrate that human monocytes are predisposed to differentiate towards an anti-inflammatory (M2-like) macrophage activation program characterized by theCD16+CD163+MerTK+pSTAT3+ phenotype and functional properties such as enhanced protease-dependent motility, pathogen permissivity and immunomodulation. This process is dependent on STAT3 activation, and loss-of-function experiments point towards a detrimental role in host defense against TB. Importantly, we provide a critical correlation between the abundance of the CD16+CD163+MerTK+pSTAT3+ cells and the progression of the disease either at the local level in a non-human primate tuberculous granuloma context, or at the systemic level through the detection of the soluble form of CD163 in human sera. Collectively, this study argues for the pathogenic role of the CD16+CD163+MerTK+pSTAT3+ monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation program and its potential as a target for TB therapy,and promotes the detection of circulating CD163 as a potential biomarker for disease progression and monitoringof treatment efficacy.Fil: Lastrucci, Claire. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: BĂ©nard, Alan. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Balboa, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Pingris, Karine. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Souriant, Shanti. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Poincloux, Renaud. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Al Saati, Talal. Inserm; FranciaFil: Rasolofo, Voahangy. Pasteur Institute in Antananarivo; MadagascarFil: González Montaner, Pablo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas ; ArgentinaFil: Inwentarz, Sandra. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas ; ArgentinaFil: Moraña, Eduardo JosĂ©. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas ; ArgentinaFil: Kondova, Ivanela. Biomedical Primate Research Centre; PaĂses BajosFil: Verreck, Franck A. W.. Biomedical Primate Research Centre; PaĂses BajosFil: Sasiain, MarĂa del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Neyrolles, Olivier. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Maridonneau Parini, Isabel. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Lugo Villarino, Geanncarlo. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Cougoule, Celine. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Franci
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