Heme Oxygenase-1 Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing in Mice

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective, pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory enzyme, is strongly induced in injured tissues. Our aim was to clarify its role in cutaneous wound healing. In wild type mice, maximal expression of HO-1 in the skin was observed on the 2nd and 3rd days after wounding. Inhibition of HO-1 by tin protoporphyrin-IX resulted in retardation of wound closure. Healing was also delayed in HO-1 deficient mice, where lack of HO-1 could lead to complete suppression of reepithelialization and to formation of extensive skin lesions, accompanied by impaired neovascularization. Experiments performed in transgenic mice bearing HO-1 under control of keratin 14 promoter showed that increased level of HO-1 in keratinocytes is enough to improve the neovascularization and hasten the closure of wounds. Importantly, induction of HO-1 in wounded skin was relatively weak and delayed in diabetic (db/db) mice, in which also angiogenesis and wound closure were impaired. In such animals local delivery of HO-1 transgene using adenoviral vectors accelerated the wound healing and increased the vascularization. In summary, induction of HO-1 is necessary for efficient wound closure and neovascularization. Impaired wound healing in diabetic mice may be associated with delayed HO-1 upregulation and can be improved by HO-1 gene transfer

Preschool teachers´ stories about children´s rough-and-tumble play

In this current study, discussions were conducted in three focus groups with preschool teachers. In each focus group, two preschool teachers from two municipal preschools in a medium-sized city participated. The purpose of the research was to create a basic knowledge of how rough-and-tumble play (R&T) are perceived, interpreted and handled by preschool teachers. The cultural-historical theory of Vygotsky is used as a theoretical basis for this study. The results show that among preschool teachers there is a tendency to allow this kind of play in a limited form. The results also highlight the preschool teachers' insecurity in relation to children's rough-and-tumble plays. That uncertainty can take place because R&T games require a balance between being allowed, restricted and forbidden during a game. Furthermore, preschool teachers' awareness of the connection between their experiences and the approaches described about R&T plays are demonstrated. A lack of preschool teachers' consensus on R&T games also emerged in the study.I den aktuella studien genomfördes diskussioner i tre fokusgrupper med förskollärare. I varje fokusgrupp deltog två förskollärare från två kommunala förskolor i en mellanstor stad. Forskningssyftet var att skapa en grundläggande kunskap om hur bråklekar uppfattas, tolkas och hanteras av förskollärare. Den kulturhistoriska teorin av Vygotskij användes som en teoretisk grund för den här studien. Resultatet visar att det bland förskollärare finns en tendens att tillåta bråklekar i en begränsad form. I resultatet lyfts även förskollärares osäkerhet gentemot barns bråklekar. Den osäkerheten kan uppkomma eftersom bråklekar kräver en balans mellan att vara tillåten, begränsad och förbjuden under en lek. Vidare påvisas förskollärares medvetenhet om en koppling mellan deras erfarenheter och de föreställningar som beskrivs kring bråklekar. En brist på förskollärares samsyn kring bråklekar framkom i studien

Preschool teachers´ stories about children´s rough-and-tumble play

In this current study, discussions were conducted in three focus groups with preschool teachers. In each focus group, two preschool teachers from two municipal preschools in a medium-sized city participated. The purpose of the research was to create a basic knowledge of how rough-and-tumble play (R&T) are perceived, interpreted and handled by preschool teachers. The cultural-historical theory of Vygotsky is used as a theoretical basis for this study. The results show that among preschool teachers there is a tendency to allow this kind of play in a limited form. The results also highlight the preschool teachers' insecurity in relation to children's rough-and-tumble plays. That uncertainty can take place because R&T games require a balance between being allowed, restricted and forbidden during a game. Furthermore, preschool teachers' awareness of the connection between their experiences and the approaches described about R&T plays are demonstrated. A lack of preschool teachers' consensus on R&T games also emerged in the study.I den aktuella studien genomfördes diskussioner i tre fokusgrupper med förskollärare. I varje fokusgrupp deltog två förskollärare från två kommunala förskolor i en mellanstor stad. Forskningssyftet var att skapa en grundläggande kunskap om hur bråklekar uppfattas, tolkas och hanteras av förskollärare. Den kulturhistoriska teorin av Vygotskij användes som en teoretisk grund för den här studien. Resultatet visar att det bland förskollärare finns en tendens att tillåta bråklekar i en begränsad form. I resultatet lyfts även förskollärares osäkerhet gentemot barns bråklekar. Den osäkerheten kan uppkomma eftersom bråklekar kräver en balans mellan att vara tillåten, begränsad och förbjuden under en lek. Vidare påvisas förskollärares medvetenhet om en koppling mellan deras erfarenheter och de föreställningar som beskrivs kring bråklekar. En brist på förskollärares samsyn kring bråklekar framkom i studien

Eye lens dose assessment in interventional cardiology

Въведение. Медицинските специалисти, провеждащи интервенционални процедури под рентгенов контрол в интервенционалната кардиология, са изложени на риск от лъчевоиндуцирана катаракта при надвишаване на годишната граница на дозата на очната леща от 20 mSv. Цел: Целта на проучването е да се направи оценка на дозата на очната леща на медицински специалисти, работещи в три отделения по интервенционална кардиология, да се анализира зависимостта между лъчевото натоварване на пациента и дозата на очната леща на основния оператор, и да се изследва ефективността на защитните очила без странични оловни защити. Материал и методи: Измерванията се проведоха в три отделения по инвазивна кардиология, като в изследванията се включиха четирима лекари и шест медицински сестри. Дозата на очната леща бе измервана с пасивни дозиметри за очна леща EYE-DTM (Radcard). Резултати: Годишната доза на очната леща за медицинските сестри варира от 1,6 mSv до 4,3 mSv. Оценената доза на очната леща за основния оператор е от 3,2 mSv до 31,4 mSv. Отслабването на изследваните защитни очила без странична защита е с фактор от 1 до 1,1. Изводи: Резулатите показват, че съществува риск за превишаване на годишната граница на дозата на очната леща от 20 mSv. Дозата на очната леща зависи от работното натоварване и клиничната сложност на провежданите процедури. Дозата на очната леща за медицинските сестри е няколко пъти по-ниска от граничната, което се обяснява с по-голямото разстояние от пациента и частичното екраниране от основния оператор. Защитните очила без странична защита не осигуряват необходимата защита на очната леща, в случай на странично облъчване. Introduction: Medical professionals performing fluoroscopy guided interventional procedures in cardiology are exposed to a risk of radiation induced cataract, especially if the eye lens dose exceeds the annual dose limit of 20 mSv. Aim: The aim of the current study is to measure the eye lens exposure in three interventional cardiology departments, to analyze the relationship between patient dose and eye lens dose and to study the effectiveness of lead goggles without side protection. Material and methods: Measurements were performed in three departments with participation of 4 interventional cardiologists and 6 nurses. The exposure of the eye lens was measured with EYE-DTM (Radcard) passive dosimeters. Results: For nurses the annual eye lens dose varied from 1.6 mSv to 4.3 mSv. For the interventional cardiologists the results were between 3.2 mSv and 31.4 mSv. The dose reduction factor of the studied safety goggles without side protection is 1 and 1.1. Conclusions: There is a risk of exceeding the annual exposure limit of 20 mSv among interventional cardiologists The eye lens exposure depends on the workload and the clinical complexity of the procedures, as well as on the use of radiation protection devices. Due to the specifics of the procedures, the use of goggles with side protection is recommended. The eye lens dose for nurses is lower than the annual limit, which can be explained with the larger distance between the patient and the nurses and partial shielding by the main operator. Lead glasses without side shielding are not recommended because the exposure occurs from the side

Control of AMPK-related kinases by USP9X and atypical Lys(29)/Lys(33)-inked polyubiquitin chains

International audienceAMPK-related kinases regulate cell polarity as well as proliferation and are activated by the LKB1-tumour suppressor kinase. We demonstrate that the AMPK-related kinases, NUAK1 and MARK4, are polyubiquitinated in vivo and interact with the deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X. Knockdown of USP9X increased polyubiquitination of NUAK1 and MARK4, whilst overexpression of USP9X inhibited ubiquitination. USP9X catalysed the removal of polyubiquitin chains from wild type NUAK1, but not a non-USP9X-binding mutant. Topological analysis revealed that ubiquitin monomers attached to NUAK1 and MARK4 are linked by Lys29 and/or Lys33 rather than the more common Lys48/Lys63. We find that AMPK and other AMPK-related kinases are also polyubiquitinated in cells. We identified non-USP9X binding mutants of NUAK1 and MARK4 and find that these are hyper-ubiquitinated and not phosphorylated at their T-loop residue targetted by LKB1 when expressed in cells, suggesting that polyubiquitination may inhibit these enzymes. Our results demonstrate that NUAK1 and MARK4 are substrates of USP9X and provide the first evidence that AMPK family kinases are regulated by unusual Lys29/Lys33-linked polyubiquitin chains