Unilateral high bifurcation of brachial artery: a case report

The Brachial artery usually begins as the continuation of the Axillary Artery at the inferior border of the Teres Major muscle and terminates by bifurcating into radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa. A case of unilateral bifurcation of the artery 7.5 cm distal to the inferior border of the Teres Major muscle in the proximal half of the right arm was identified in a northern Nigerian cadaver that was dissected by medical students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Profunda Brachii, Superior Ulnar Collateral and Inferior Ulnar Collateral arteries arose from the relatively short brachial arterial trunk. Although the documented incidence of this anatomical variation is low in Nigeria, its concomitant widespread documentation in other parts of the world makes it a sufficiently important anatomical variation of the Brachial Artery, to warrant its being taught to students of Anatomy and Medicine. The knowledge of anatomical variations of the brachial artery and its branches is also important in radiological and clinical practice.Keywords: Anatomical variation, brachial, artery, Nigeri

Description of the Normal Variants of the Anatomical Shapes of the Sella Turcica Using Plain Radiographs: Experience from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

Background: The anatomy of the sella turcica is variable in size and shape. It has been classified into three types: round, oval and flat. It can also be deep or shallow in both children and adults. The floor of the sella turcica which in most cases is concave may be, flat or even convex. In both anatomical and radiological practice in Nigeria, normal data in relation to the description of the normal variants of the anatomical shapes of the sella turcica are based on Caucasian studies. Methods: All available lateral skull radiographs of subjects over a 3-year period, from 2002 to 2004, were retrieved from the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto for the study. Radiographs were mounted on the viewing boxes and sellae turcicae were studied and classified. Results: A total of 228 subjects were involved in this study. Of this figure, 171 (75%) were males, and 57 (25%) were females (m: f ratio\u2009=\u20093:1). The predominant shape of sella in the African subjects studied is oval, and the difference in frequency of oval shaped sella and that of round or flat types is highly statistically significant. (P<.001).The commonest type of sella floor in the African subjects studied is concave and the difference in frequency of concave shaped sella floor and that of flat and convex types is highly statistically significant.(P<.001). In both the various anatomical shapes of the sella turcica and the types of floor of the sella turcica in relation to sex of the subjects studied, the difference in frequency of males and females is highly statistically significant. (P<.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence and the relative frequencies of the normal variants of the anatomical shapes of the sella turcica reported in this study on Nigerian subjects is similar to those reported in Caucasians. Further studies on a larger scale are needed to corroborate our findings.Arri\ue8re Plan: L\u2019anatomie de sella turcica varie selon la forme et la plat. Elle peut aussi \ueatre profonol ou plat, aussi chez les enfants que chez les adults. Le planche de sella turcica, qui est g\ue9n\ue9ralement concave peut \ueatre convexe, ou plat de forme. Bien en anatomie et en radiologie practiques au Nig\ue9ria. Les donn\ue9es relatives \ue0 la description des variants normales de formes anatomiques de sella turcica sont bas\ue9es sur des \ue9tudes caucasiennes. M\ue9thodes: Toutes les radiographes laterales du \ue9t\ue9 collect\ue9es du departement de 3 ans (2002 a 2004) ont \ue9t\ue9 collect\ue9es du departement de Radiologie de centre uiversitaire hospitalier de universit\ue9 Usmanu Danfodiyo pour cette \ue9tude. Les radiographes ont \ue9t\ue9 mont\ue9es sur les bo\ueetes de visualization et sella turcica ont \ue9t\ue9s \ue9tudi\ue9es et classifi\ue9es. Resultats: Un total de 228 sujets ont \ue9t\ue9 impliqu\ue9s dans cette \ue9tude. De ce total, 171 (75%) \ue9taient males, et 57 (25%) \ue9taient femelles (m: f ratio = 3:1). La forme predominante de sella turcica pour les sujets africains \ue9tudi\ue9s est ovale, et la diff\ue9rence en frequence entre sella \ue0 forme ovale et sella \ue0 forme ronde ou plate est statistiquement tr\ue8s \ue9lev\ue9e. (PL 0.001). Le plancher de sella de plus commun pour les sujets africains \ue9tudi\ue9s est concave et la diff\ue9rence en frequence entre sella a plancher cancave sella \ue0 plancher convexe is statistiquement ties \ue9lev\ue9e. (PL 0.001).pour les deux cas de formes plancher de sella turcica et les diff\ue9rents types de plancher de sella turcica, en ce qui est du sex des sujets \ue9tudi\ue9s, la diff\ue9rence en frequence entre les m\ue2les et les femelles est statistiquement tr\ue8s \ue9lev\ue9e. (PL 0.001). Conclusion: Il est concluque la predominance et relativit\ue9 des frequences de variantes normales de formes anatomiques de sella turcica consid\ue9r\ue9es dans cette \ue9tude surdes sujets Nig\ue9rians est similaire \ue0 celle consid\ue9r\ue9es pour les "caucasians". Des \ue9tudes plus pouss\ue9es sur un champ plus \ue9tendu sont n\ue9cessaires pour confirmer nos decouvertes

Description of the Normal Variants of the Anatomical Shapes of the Sella Turcica Using Plain Radiographs: Experience from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

Background: The anatomy of the sella turcica is variable in size and shape. It has been classified into three types: round, oval and flat. It can also be deep or shallow in both children and adults. The floor of the sella turcica which in most cases is concave may be, flat or even convex. In both anatomical and radiological practice in Nigeria, normal data in relation to the description of the normal variants of the anatomical shapes of the sella turcica are based on Caucasian studies. Methods: All available lateral skull radiographs of subjects over a 3-year period, from 2002 to 2004, were retrieved from the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto for the study. Radiographs were mounted on the viewing boxes and sellae turcicae were studied and classified. Results: A total of 228 subjects were involved in this study. Of this figure, 171 (75%) were males, and 57 (25%) were females (m: f ratio = 3:1). The predominant shape of sella in the African subjects studied is oval, and the difference in frequency of oval shaped sella and that of round or flat types is highly statistically significant. (P<.001).The commonest type of sella floor in the African subjects studied is concave and the difference in frequency of concave shaped sella floor and that of flat and convex types is highly statistically significant.(P<.001). In both the various anatomical shapes of the sella turcica and the types of floor of the sella turcica in relation to sex of the subjects studied, the difference in frequency of males and females is highly statistically significant. (P<.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence and the relative frequencies of the normal variants of the anatomical shapes of the sella turcica reported in this study on Nigerian subjects is similar to those reported in Caucasians. Further studies on a larger scale are needed to corroborate our findings.Arrière Plan: L’anatomie de sella turcica varie selon la forme et la plat. Elle peut aussi être profonol ou plat, aussi chez les enfants que chez les adults. Le planche de sella turcica, qui est généralement concave peut être convexe, ou plat de forme. Bien en anatomie et en radiologie practiques au Nigéria. Les données relatives à la description des variants normales de formes anatomiques de sella turcica sont basées sur des études caucasiennes. Méthodes: Toutes les radiographes laterales du été collectées du departement de 3 ans (2002 a 2004) ont été collectées du departement de Radiologie de centre uiversitaire hospitalier de université Usmanu Danfodiyo pour cette étude. Les radiographes ont été montées sur les boîtes de visualization et sella turcica ont étés étudiées et classifiées. Resultats: Un total de 228 sujets ont été impliqués dans cette étude. De ce total, 171 (75%) étaient males, et 57 (25%) étaient femelles (m: f ratio = 3:1). La forme predominante de sella turcica pour les sujets africains étudiés est ovale, et la différence en frequence entre sella à forme ovale et sella à forme ronde ou plate est statistiquement très élevée. (PL 0.001). Le plancher de sella de plus commun pour les sujets africains étudiés est concave et la différence en frequence entre sella a plancher cancave sella à plancher convexe is statistiquement ties élevée. (PL 0.001).pour les deux cas de formes plancher de sella turcica et les différents types de plancher de sella turcica, en ce qui est du sex des sujets étudiés, la différence en frequence entre les mâles et les femelles est statistiquement très élevée. (PL 0.001). Conclusion: Il est concluque la predominance et relativité des frequences de variantes normales de formes anatomiques de sella turcica considérées dans cette étude surdes sujets Nigérians est similaire à celle considérées pour les "caucasians". Des études plus poussées sur un champ plus étendu sont nécessaires pour confirmer nos decouvertes

Klinefelter′s syndrome: Report of a case from Sokoto, Northern Nigeria and review of literature

Herein, we report, review and discuss the literature on Klinefelter′s syndrome (KS) with our findings during an out-patient medical clinic at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. The aim of the report is to create awareness and highlight to clinicians, the occurrence of KS in patients with infertility

The Prevalence of the Absence of the Occipital (Posterior) Horns of the Lateral Ventricles among Nigerians (2003 -2008) using Computerised Tomography

ABSTRAC

Cephalometric assessment of the maxillary sinus using computed tomography, from Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

Background: The maxillary sinus is characterized by a significant inter-individual variation. Computed tomography (CT) measurement of sinus dimensions using provides a satisfactory assessment of the maxillary sinus and its conditions. Aim of the Study: To determine the size of the maxillary antrum and compare the depth, width, and height of the maxillary sinus between sexes and to establish a baseline for values in our environment using CT. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty subjects (79 males, 51 females), between 20 and 80 years, with normal maxillary sinus CT anatomy, from head CT scans done at the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, were studied. Measurements were taken between the widest points of the sinuses, antero-posterior (AP) and transverse diameters from axial images, craniocaudal diameter from coronal and sagittal images, and volumes were determined by the product of these three-dimensional and slice thickness. Results: In males, the mean craniocaudal, transverse, AP diameters and volume on the right were: 32.21 ± 5.56 mm, 24.18 ± 5.80 mm, 36.94 ± 4.73 mm, and 14.98 ± 6.53 cm 3. On the left, it was 32.38 ± 5.33 mm, 24.12 ± 5.81 mm, 36.84 ± 5.31 mm, and 15.08 ± 6.66 cm 3 respectively. Similarly in females, values on the right were: 30.93 ± 6.09 mm, 23.14 ± 4.70 mm, 36.29 ± 4.71 mm and 13.26 ± 5.04 cm 3, and left was, 31.14 ± 6.00 mm, 23.69 ± 5.50 mm, 36.43 ± 4.64 mm and 16.06 ± 17.96 cm 3 respectively. Conclusions: CT measurements of the maxillary sinus dimensions are larger in males; however, females had higher left sinus volume

Morphological variation of third ventricle using computerized tomography among different gender and age groups: A 5-year retrospective study in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, North - West Nigeria

Background: Many methods have been described for measurements of the third ventricle as a means of evaluating brain atrophy during the normal aging process and disease. Enlargement of the cerebral ventricles is one of the most frequently replicated neurobiological findings in schizophrenia. The aim of this morphological study was to examine the range in the normal size of the third ventricle of individuals living in Sokoto and to assess its association with gender and age. Materials and Methods: All available brain CT in the Radiology Department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, Nigeria, from 2007 to 2012 (a 5-year period) and reported as normal by the radiologist were recruited for the study. Films were viewed on the computer monitor. Measurements were made with Dragon V 3.1.1 Philips and Neusoft Medical System Company Limited software; the software provides a meter rule with which measurements were done. Results: A total of 252 CT scan images where used in the study. Of this number, 156 (61.9%) were CT scan images of males and 96 (38.1%) were CT scan images of females. The mean width was 8.38 mm and mean anteroposterior length was 12.16 mm. These differences were statistically significant, P = 0.0209 < (0.05). Conclusion: Our findings provide a base line data for the measurement of the third ventricles using CT scans in our environment and this may be applied in various clinical conditions involving the third ventricle

Incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of peripartum cardiomyopathy in Nigeria : results from the PEACE Registry

Aims: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in Nigeria. Methods and Results: The study was conducted in 22 hospitals in Nigeria, and PPCM patients were consecutively recruited between June 2017 and March 2018. To determine factors associated with PPCM, the patients were compared with apparently healthy women who recently delivered, as controls. Four hundred six patients were compared with 99 controls. The incidence and disease burden (based on the rate of consecutive recruitment of subjects) varied widely between the six geographical zones of Nigeria. From the North-West zone, 72.3% of the patients was recruited, where an incidence as high as 1 per 96 live births was obtained in a centre, while the disease was uncommon (7.6% of all recruited patients) in the South. Majority of the patients (76.6%) and controls (74.8%) (p = 0.694) were of Hausa-Fulani ethnic group. Atrial fibrillation, intracardiac thrombus, stroke, and right ventricular systolic dysfunction were found in 1.7%, 6.4%, 2.2%, and 54.9% of the patients, respectively. Lack of formal education (odds ratio [OR] 3.08, 95% confidence interval [1.71, 5.53]; P &lt; 0.001), unemployment (OR: 3.28 [2.05, 5.24]; P &lt; 0.001), underweight (OR: 13.43 [4.17, 43.21]; P &lt; 0.001) and history of pre-eclampsia (OR: 9.01 [2.18, 37.75]; P = 0.002) emerged as independent PPCM risk factors using regression models. Customary hot baths (OR: 1.24 [0.80, 1.93]; P = 0.344), pap enriched with dried lake salt (OR: 1.20 [0.74, 1.94]; P = 0.451), and Hausa-Fulani ethnicity (OR: 1.11 [0.67, 1.84]; P = 0.698) did not achieve significance as PPCM risk factors. Conclusions: In Nigeria, the burden of PPCM was greatest in the North-West zone, which has the highest known incidence. PPCM was predicted by sociodemographic factors and pre-eclampsia, which should be considered in its control at population level. Postpartum customary birth practices and Hausa-Fulani ethnicity were not associated with PPCM in Nigeria