Oversee Cyber Security as Hackers Seek to Infiltrate Even the Most Sophisticated Information Security Systems

This report studies the impact of cyber security attacks its initial use and develop mechanisms for security of internet. There are numerous systems that are interconnected with internet and it is at risk and brief background of the cyber-attacks is outlined and our concentration in this report is on the impact of communication, positioning and implementing value delivery in order to increase productivity. It is concluded that the senior executives and government play major role in minimizing these risks and potential errors. In order to reduce them it is obligatory that IT professionals should take major responsibility of these issues and take productive measures. The research determines that cybersecurity threats also impacts Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), detecting just at the particulars for SMEs failing and the helping of IT inside the modern SME. The use of internet is becoming more often now a days and it is a major threat for SMEs due to oubsolete Microsoft versions technological systems therefore steps should be taken to mitigate these risks in order to minimize costs and boost performance by upgrading its software systems. The importance of cyber-intellienge should also be considerd due to vital practice to determine how firewalls coaching and detection structures work and compliance with risk management standards. There are different forms of attack such as viruses malware and these types of attacks create problem for initial users to have confidence and believe in technology. Such issue can be addressed by having antiviruses and it can eliminate financial as well as reputational losses for business in longrun. Keywords: Cyber Security, SME, Information Security System. JEL Classification: D80, L8

Managing English Teaching Outcomes in Universities: An Experiential Learning Case Study of ESL/EFL Interventions

In countries where English is a foreign language, universities are expected to enhance the communication skills of their students after overcoming the deficiencies that they typically carry over from their schooling years, and the challenge for universities is to achieve this through the few mandated courses. This paper describes an auto-enthnographic case study of a series of interventions for improving the English teaching outcomes over a decade by the dean of a private university of Karachi. Each intervention was ref ined over a number of semesters through several execution cycles consisting of design, implementation and evaluation. Interventions were tried and tested until the outcomes could no longer be improved with the given resources. Issues identif ied through the evaluation of a particular intervention led to the design of subsequent interventions. The interventions consisted of changes made to the number of courses, grading criteria, selection of learning methodology, assessment strategy, hiring qualif ications, teacher development, medium of instruction for technical courses, design of environmental culture, quality control across multiple sections, level of student engagement, intensity of instruction doze, lab and instruction credit hours, assistance from senior students, and out of the box designs of course interactions. Experiential learning and analysis of these interventions demonstrated that traditional classroom based interventions centered on a teacher do not work unless they are accompanied by immersion experiences in innovative, collaborative and flexible learning environments. Experiential Learning and Project Based Learning (PBL) techniques which can stimulate and inspire the students were found to be more effective. The study proposes an innovative structure for conducting English courses that would provide an immersion experience to students which would be concentrated in time and space to help overcome many of the identified issues

On the mass-metallicity relation, velocity dispersion and gravitational well depth of GRB host galaxies

We analyze a sample of 16 absorption systems intrinsic to long duration GRB host galaxies at $z \gtrsim 2$ for which the metallicities are known. We compare the relation between the metallicity and cold gas velocity width for this sample to that of the QSO-DLAs, and find complete agreement. We then compare the redshift evolution of the mass-metallicity relation of our sample to that of QSO-DLAs and find that also GRB hosts favour a late onset of this evolution, around a redshift of $\approx 2.6$. We compute predicted stellar masses for the GRB host galaxies using the prescription determined from QSO-DLA samples and compare the measured stellar masses for the four hosts where stellar masses have been determined from SED fits. We find excellent agreement and conclude that, on basis of all available data and tests, long duration GRB-DLA hosts and intervening QSO-DLAs are consistent with being drawn from the same underlying population. GRB host galaxies and QSO-DLAs are found to have different impact parameter distributions and we briefly discuss how this may affect statistical samples. The impact parameter distribution has two effects. First any metallicity gradient will shift the measured metallicity away from the metallicity in the centre of the galaxy, second the path of the sightline through different parts of the potential well of the dark matter halo will cause different velocity fields to be sampled. We report evidence suggesting that this second effect may have been detected.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Main Journal. For the definitive version visit http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org

Role of Riyazat in prevention and control of lifestyle diseases: A review

Background: Riyazat (exercise) is a planned, structured and repetitive bodily movement that is done to improve or maintain physical fitness and overall health. It plays an important role not only in maintaining good health but also in preventing and curing certain ailments as well. Lifestyle diseases are ailments that are primarily based on the day to day habits of people. Lack of exercise and habits that detract people from the activity and push them towards a sedentary routine, these are the major causes which serve as an important factor in the rising prevalence of lifestyle diseases. Some of the emerging lifestyle diseases are obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, joint diseases and psychological disorders. Mortality and morbidity rates have also increased with increasing levels of these diseases. Frequent and consistent exercise helps in the prevention of these diseases. It helps in maintaining or losing weight, improves metabolic function and mental health by reducing stress. Many ancient Unani physicians like Hippocrates, Galen, Razi and Avicenna have discussed the beneficial effects of riyazat in their treatise. Conclusion:  It is used as a regimental therapy that acts by inhibiting agglomeration of morbid material in the body and helps in revocation of waste products through natural routes, thus reducing risks for the development of various diseases. So there is an indispensable need to procure exercise regularly to forestall lifestyle diseases for the betterment of life. Keywords: Riyazat, metabolic, ancient, regimental, morbi

Coronal and apical sealing ability of a new endodontic cement

INTRODUCTION: This in vitro study aims to evaluate the coronal and apical sealing ability of gutta-percha (GP) root filling used with either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), new endodontic cement (NEC) or AH26 as filler/sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty eight single-rooted extracted teeth were selected, decoronated and then instrumented. Samples were randomly divided into three experimental (n=12) and two control groups (n=6). In group 1, root canals were filled using lateral condensation technique (L); while single cone technique (S) was used for groups 2 and 3. AH26, MTA and NEC were the root canal sealer/fillers in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Samples were immersed in 1% methylene-blue dye and then independently centrifuged apically and coronally. The roots were split longitudinally and linear extent of dye penetration was measured with a stereomicroscope from apical and coronal directions. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and T-test. RESULTS: No statistical differences in mean apical dye penetration between groups LGP/AH26, SGP/MTA and SGP/NEC were found; SGP/NEC group showed significantly less coronal dye penetration (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Considering the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that the simple single cone technique with NEC can provide favorable coronal and apical seal

Role of Dietotherapy in Lifestyle disorders: An overview

Objective: The aim of the present study to evaluate the role of dietotherapy in lifestyle disorders. Background: The incidence of lifestyle disorders like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity associated with cardiovascular diseases is high on the rise. Cardiovascular disorders continue to be the major cause of mortality, representing about 30% of all death worlds wide. In the Unani System of Medicine (USM) of lifestyle, the disorder is the diseases that arise from the imbalance in asbabe- sitta-zarooriya over a long period. The management of the diseases in USM is largely based on the holistic approach. Four modes of treatment are employed, such as regimental therapy, dietotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. The dietotherapy is one of the most important non-medical therapy in which treatment is done through  modulation in dietary habit which is necessary for the prevention and control of diseases. The principle aim of dietotherapy is to maintain nutritional needs according to the demand of the body and avoid drugs as it is not considered to be part of the body and produce adverse reactions. Conclusion: The rationale for dietotherapy is that lifestyle disorder brought about by a faulty diet can be reversed or reduced by changes to this diet. Dietotherapy involves recommending a specific diet which is the simplest and most natural course of treatment by USM. Keywords: Lifestyle disorders, dietotherapy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, unani system of medicine (USM

Assessing the Impact of Liberalization of Trade Related Services on Services Growth in Pakistan

The services sector has offered sound support to Pakistan’s economic development. It has emerged as one of the fastest growing and highest contributing sectors of the economy. Through the use of Fully Modified OLS Estimation Technique, this study has provided evidence that liberalization of the two key sub-sectors (telecom and banking) of services of Pakistan has played an important role in development of these sectors. The task is achieved by preparing liberalization index for the two sectors. The econometric evidence reveals that results are robust and in accordance with the theory. Relationships are found to be relatively strong for the telecom sector and less strong for the financial sector. The research also shed light on the constraints that the country has to face in the liberalization process of these sectors. Rapid liberalization of the telecom sector has attracted substantial amount of investment, both local and foreign, and has created saturation in the industry, which has hampered further investment opportunities. This resulted in substantial decline of investment in this sector. But due to fast changing technologies, there is a possibility of it picking up again. By the increased liberalization of the telecom and banking services, the GDP of these sectors also increased. Hence, the full scale liberalization in the telecom sector evidently plays important role in growing the share of the services to economy’s GDP. Other economic indicators have also played an important role in defining the development of these sectors. Finally, a set of policy measures has been suggested to make the sector more effective and useful in accelerating the growth process

Coronary calcium scoring: are the results comparable to computed tomography coronary angiography for screening coronary artery disease in a South Asian population?

Background: The need of having feasible screening tools like Coronary Calcium Scoring (CCS) and CT Coronary Artery (CTCA) for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has become paramount. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of CCS in determining the degree of stenosis of coronary vessels as compared to that determined by CTCA in a South Asian population. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at The Aga Khan University Hospital. A total of 539 patient records were reviewed who had undergone CCS and CTCA between 2008 and 2010. Patient records were reviewed by comparing their CCS and CTCA results. Results: About 268 out of 301 (89%) patients with a CCS of 0-9 were found to be free of stenosis on CTCA. On a CCS of 10-99, 110 out of 121 (91%) patients were either free of stenosis or had mild stenosis. About 66 out of 79 (84%) patients had moderate or severe stenosis with a calcium score of 100-400 while none of the patients were free of stenosis. Around 28 out of 38 (74%) patients with a CCS of more than 400 had severe stenosis. However, only 04 patients (11%) were found to have mild stenosis. Spearman\u27s rho revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.791 with a p-value of \u3c0.001. Conclusion: Our study reaffirms that in South Asian population, low CCS (\u3c100) is associated with no or minimal stenosis while high CCS warrants further investigation; hence, making it a reliable tool for screening patients with CAD

Polymorphic noncoding region of GNRH1 gene in male patients with impaired fertility

Impaired male fertility is a multifactorial pathological condition and genetic contribution is up to 20%. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone 1 (GNRH1) is associated with maturation of spermatozoa. We aimed to study genetic sequence of GNRH1 gene in azoospermia males. We collected 50 clinically diagnosed infertile males after the informed consent. DNA was extracted and primers were designed to amplify the exonic and exon/intron boundaries of exon 1 and exon 2 region of GNRH1 gene. The amplicons were sequenced and analyzed using bioninformatic tools. We have identified sequence variations at c.1325-131del.A, c.1325+40 T>G, c.1325+34T>G, c.1325+124 Ins. A, c.1325+126 Ins. A, c.1325+181T>G, c.1325+264 Ins.G and c.1325+269 Ins. A positions. Human Splicing Finder predicted that c.1325-131del.A, c.1325+34T>G, c.1325+124 Ins. A, c.1325+264 Ins.G and c.1325+269 Ins. A have impact on the splicing while c.1325+40 T>G, c.1325+126 Ins. A and c.1325+181T>G have relation with the splicing. The c.1325+40 reported in literature as rs2709608 but has no association with the male infertility. The c.1325+181T>G We could not find other variations in the literature therefore suggested to be novel. Our study suggests that intronic region of GNRH1 gene a highly variable in Pakistani infertile male patients and suggests to explore its correlation with the disease on a large scale